Human Development Research Articles

Goal Programming Model Using Data Envelopment Analysis for Human Development Index

Goal Programming Model Using Data Envelopment Analysis for Human Development Index

Linking Human Development Index, Urbanization, Economic Growth and the Ecological Footprint: The Case of MINT Countries

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint in MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkiye) for the years 2003-2022. First of all, the cointegration relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund (2016) panel cointegration. As a result of the cointegration analysis, it was concluded that the variables were cointegrated. The long-term relationship was estimated by the DOLSMG method. According to the DOLSMG estimator, it was determined that a 1% increase in the human development index in MINT countries reduced the ecological footprint by 1.89%, a 1% increase in urbanization increased the ecological footprint by 0.22%, and a 1% increase in economic growth increased the ecological footprint insignificantly. Secondly, the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality analysis. According to the findings, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between ecological footprint and urbanization in MINT countries. Additionally, the findings of the study show that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from ecological footprint to human development index and a unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth to ecological footprint.

Global, regional, and national burden of brain and central nervous system cancers for males from 1990 to 2021 and its predicted level in the next 25 years.

A study of the global burden of cerebral and central nervous system (CNS) cancers from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) indicates that these cancers significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality internationally. To fully understand the global impact of CNS cancer, expanded research efforts are essential. We analyzed the temporal trend of the disease burden from 1990 to 2021 and made projections for the expected burden from 2020 through 2044. We tapped into GBD 2021 Study data to evaluate CNS cancer incidence and trends among males. Prevalence was assessed with DisMod-MR, trends via cluster analysis, and Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) calculated via linear regression. Forecasts for 2022-2044 used APC and BAPC models, with a P-value < 0.05 considered significant. Analyses relied on R software 4.0.2. In 2021, males experienced between 148,118 and 232,469 new brain and CNS cancer cases, indicating increased global burden from 1990 to 2021. An observed link between the prevalence's EAPCs and Human Development Indices (HDIs) suggests higher incidence in more developed regions. Projections using the APC model suggest rising numbers of cases and losses in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from 2020 to 2044, while Age-Standardized Rates (ASRs) are expected to decrease overall. In summary, a higher Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) correlates with better outcomes for CNS cancer due to early medical interventions in regions with strong healthcare systems. This demonstrates the need for equitable healthcare policies that focus on improving diagnostic capabilities and professional training to enhance survival rates universally.

Social, cultural and political conditions for advancing health equity: examples from eight country case studies (2011–2021)

Progress in addressing systematic health inequities, both between and within countries, has been slow. However, there are examples of actions taken on social determinants of health and policy changes aimed...

Applying a Theory of Change for Human Resources Development in Public Health Supply Chains in Rwanda.

The health supply chain (SC) system in Rwanda experienced a number of workforce-related challenges, including insufficient skilled supply chain management (SCM) professionals with the necessary competencies. The Human Resources for Supply Chain Management (HR4SCM) Theory of Change (TOC) provides a methodology to assess human resources (HR) management systems by explaining the preconditions required to achieve optimized workforce performance. We applied this model to design interventions to strengthen the Rwanda health SC workforce. We compared conditions in the health SC HR system in Rwanda with the 60 outcomes described as necessary for optimized workforce performance in the HR4SCM TOC model. We used a survey and participatory workshop at the central level, followed by structured interviews (N=35) with SC professionals in health centers, hospitals, and regional warehouses (N=20) in Southern Province and Kigali City to identify which outcomes already existed in the Rwandan HR system and which outcomes required strengthening through targeted interventions. We used focus groups (N=2) to refine interventions. We identified that 31 of the 60 outcomes were not sufficiently in place in the Rwandan health SC HR system. SCM workers had gaps in the technical and managerial competencies and did not have access to adequate training and professional development opportunities for certain required competencies. An SCM career path did not exist, and education was not available for all required SCM qualifications. Fourteen of these outcomes were prioritized for strengthening. We designed 20 workforce interventions with the Ministry of Health to address these deficiencies and selected indicators to monitor the interventions. Applying this HR TOC model enabled a systematic process to identify gaps, develop and prioritize interventions, and select indicators. Practitioners designing and evaluating SC workforce interventions should consider applying this methodology to design more effective, theory-driven interventions to improve SC workforce performance.

Copper-based photocatalysts with natural organic ligands for efficient removal of tetracycline under visible light

The excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as tetracycline, presents a significant challenge to human survival and development. Oxygen vacancies (OVs) metal-organic framework (MOF) materials were synthesized using natural organic acids (L-malic acid, L-aspartic acid, and L-asparagine) with similar structures but different charge densities, along with copper as the metal linking agent. The presence of oxygen vacancies in the catalyst provides abundant active sites for photocatalytic reactions. The employment of flexible straight-chain organic ligands devoid of rigid polycyclic rings, combined with the incorporation of different substituents to induce variations in charge density, the resulting catalysts exhibit distinct photocatalytic activities under visible light. Density functional theory calculations confirm that L-asparagine exhibits the largest electron density difference, and the Cu-based MOF (Cu-ASU) synthesized as an organic ligand exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity under visible light excitation. The catalyst displayed remarkable photocatalytic activity against tetracycline antibiotics under identical conditions (with removal rates of 93.5 % for tetracycline, 81.4 % for terramycin, and 95.6 % for chloramphenicol hydrochloride). This provides a novel approach for the design and synthesis of photocatalysts for the removal of antibiotics from water.

Демографический спад и экономический рост: анализ причин и успешных решений в мировой практике

The article examines the impact of the demographic recession on economic growth, with an emphasis on the experience of foreign countries. In the face of an aging population and a shrinking workforce, many states are grappling with the challenges of sustaining stable economic development. The author analyzes examples from various global economies, exploring strategies employed to mitigate demographic changes, including stimulating innovation, increasing labor productivity, utilization of migration policy resources, and human capital development. Particular attention is paid to developed economies, where demographic issues most acutely affect long-term economic prospects. The author concludes that successful solutions to demographic challenges can be achieved through the implementation of a comprehensive approach and active collaboration among government entities, businesses, and society at large.

Impact of Climate and Vegetation Dynamics on the Ecosystem Services of Subtropical Forests—A Case Study of Baishanzu National Park Area, China

Forest ecosystems, as the primary component of terrestrial ecosystems, provide essential ecosystem services (ESs) critical for sustainable human development. However, changes in climate and vegetation can alter these forest ESs. Understanding the complex relationships between regional climate, vegetation, and ESs is key to ensuring the sustainable management of forest ESs. Therefore, this study, using Baishanzu National Park as a case example, analyzed the impacts of regional climate and vegetation dynamics (vegetation coverage, forest type, and forest structure) on forest ESs, specifically water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), net primary productivity (NPP), and habitat quality (HQ). The results indicate that from 2000 to 2020, the forest Composite Index of Ecosystem Services (CIES) in Baishanzu National Park increased. Climate and vegetation dynamics have significant effects on forest ESs. Specifically, changes in WY and SC are primarily influenced by climate change, while changes in NPP and HQ are mainly affected by changes in forest type and structure. Complex trade-offs and synergies exist among different ESs, and the driving mechanisms of climate and vegetation changes on ES variations are also complex, involving both direct and indirect effects, with significant spatial heterogeneity. This study provides important references for the sustainable management and appropriate restoration of regional forest ESs.

Role of AI-Driven Personalized E-Learning In Enhancing Economic Competitiveness: A Comparative Analysis of Developed And Developing Countries

This study explores the influence of AI-driven personalized e-learning on the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) across six countries, comprising three developed (USA, Germany, Japan) and three developing (Pakistan, India and Nigeria) nations, over a span of 17 years (2007-2023). Utilizing a least squares regression model, the analysis incorporates key variables including the Artificial Intelligence Global Index (AIGI), Human Development Index (HDI), and R&D expenditure as control variables to assess their impact on GCI. The model demonstrates a robust fit, with an R2 value of 96.79% and an adjusted R2 value of 96.50%, indicating that AI-enhanced e-learning is a significant predictor as independent variables of economic competitiveness GCI. The findings underscore the significant role of investment in AI and e-learning technologies, particularly in enhancing economic competitiveness, as evidenced by strong positive correlations between GCI and AIGI, HDI, and R&D expenditure. The results are consistent with IBM's research, which highlights the importance of these variables in driving national competitiveness in the global market. The study concludes that AI-driven personalized e-learning is a critical lever for improving GCI, particularly for developing countries aiming to close the competitiveness gap with developed nations. The implications of this research suggest that targeted investments in AI and e-learning can substantially contribute to sustainable economic growth and international competitiveness. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and educational institutions aiming to enhance their nation's competitiveness through strategic investments in AI-driven educational technologies.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA LEITURA DE MUNDO NA VISÃO DE PAULO FREIRE NO COTIDIANO DOS ALUNOS DA 1ª SÉRIE DO NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO NA ESCOLA ESTADUAL RAIMUNDO PAZ/AM

In Brazilian society, the habit of reading is incipient. Transforming this reality and expanding the taste for reading is essential to improving the quality of education, access to knowledge and human development. It is a challenge that must be taken on by the entire society. The practice of reading contributes to the development of students’ cognitive skills, necessary to expand their oral and written communicative competence, making them more proficient in their mother tongue and enabling them to consciously and critically exercise citizenship. Due to this premise, a work to encourage reading was carried out at the Raimundo Paz State School, in Amazonas, with 1st year high school students, through interpretations and dramatizations based on the text “Uma voyage a Bonde”. 25 students aged between 15 and 16 participated in the research. The methodology used in this dissertation was action research. Regarding the research strategy adopted (action research), it can be said with certainty that it was the most appropriate for this type of study, contributing to the construction and improvement of the experimental model, as well as to joint learning between the researcher and the participants.

Development of Morality and Ethics in Educational Institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Pathum Thani Province

Background and Aims: Developing a nation to compete with advanced countries requires prioritizing human resource development, with education serving as the foundation of this progress. Quality education establishes a sustainable knowledge base, essential for achieving economic, social, and political growth. This study aims to: (1) evaluate the level of moral and ethical development among staff in vocational institutions governed by the Vocational Education Commission in Pathum Thani Province; (2) compare staff perspectives on moral and ethical growth based on variables such as gender, position, and age; and (3) identify effective strategies to enhance moral and ethical standards within these educational institutions in Pathum Thani Province. Methodology: The sample group for this research included 348 personnel from institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission in Pathum Thani Province during the 2023 academic year, selected via stratified random sampling. Research tools comprised a questionnaire using a 5-point rating scale, which had an Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) value ranging from 0.80 to 1.00, a reliability coefficient of 0.83, and a structured interview. Data analysis utilized statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, along with t-tests, F-tests, and pairwise comparisons using Scheffe’s method. Results: The research results indicated that: (1) The overall level of morality and ethics development in educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission in Pathum Thani Province was rated high across all dimensions, with consistently high ratings for each specific aspect. (2) Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in morality and ethics development based on gender and position at the 0.05 significance level, but no significant differences were found based on age. (3) Guidelines for enhancing morality and ethics emphasized systematic professional oversight, recognition of outstanding personnel, and structured curricula for moral and ethical growth. The Office of the Vocational Education Commission highlighted merit-based assessments grounded in moral principles, clear standards, and well-defined workloads. Additionally, educational administrators demonstrated effective leadership by modeling rational behavior, prioritizing reason over emotion.

The Role of Managerial Competencies in Higher Education: Navigating Current Transformational Trends

Objective: This study investigates the managerial competencies required in the field of higher education in response to contemporary transformational trends. The main goal is to explore how these competencies are shaped by the ongoing digital transformation, strategic management approaches, and the shift towards entrepreneurial university models. Theoretical Framework: The research draws on key concepts related to digital leadership, human capital development, and Agile management. Theories of educational management and models of intellectual capital are employed to frame the investigation and provide a comprehensive understanding of the changing dynamics in higher education. Method: A qualitative and mixed-methods approach was utilized, incorporating data from reports, surveys, and contemporary studies on digital competencies, hybrid learning, and leadership in educational institutions. The study includes both theoretical analysis and empirical data collection through case studies and expert assessments. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal that digitalization and the transition to blended learning environments are driving the need for new managerial skills. These skills include digital leadership, strategic decision-making, and the ability to balance traditional and online educational models. The discussion highlights the importance of flexible management approaches, such as Agile, in addressing these emerging challenges. Research Implications: The study provides practical and theoretical insights into how higher education institutions can adapt their leadership strategies to meet the demands of digitalization. These findings have implications for educational policy, institutional governance, and the development of leadership training programs. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the growing body of literature on higher education management by offering a fresh perspective on the evolving competencies required in today’s digital age. The value lies in its focus on the intersection of digital transformation and managerial competencies, offering practical solutions for enhancing leadership in higher education.

Role of TRIP13 in human cancer development.

As an AAA + ATPase, thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 13 (TRIP13) primarily functions in DNA double-strand break repair, chromosome recombination, and cell cycle checkpoint regulation; aberrant expression of TRIP13 can result in chromosomal instability (CIN). According to recent research, TRIP13 is aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers, and a patient's poor prognosis and tumor stage are strongly correlated with high expression of TRIP13. Tumor cell and subcutaneous xenograft growth can be markedly inhibited by TRIP13 knockdown or TRIP13 inhibitor administration. In the initiation and advancement of human malignancies, TRIP13 seems to function as an oncogene. Based on available data, TRIP13 may function as a biological target and biomarker for cancer. The creation of inhibitors that specifically target TRIP13 may present novel approaches to treating cancer.

Bibliometric Insights into the "Kathmandu School of Law Review"

This bibliometric study analyzes the academic reach, thematic focus, and collaboration trends of the Kathmandu School of Law Review (KSLR). Through keyword analysis, the research highlights recurring themes such as human rights, governance, policy-making, and development, reflecting a multidisciplinary approach to legal scholarship. Visualizations of co-authorship networks reveal limited collaboration among scholars, suggesting opportunities for the journal to foster joint publications and interdisciplinary partnerships. Citation network analysis indicates a niche area of research with a few central authors like Puja Mitra and Yubaraj Sangroula, while the low overall citation count points to the need for broader academic engagement and visibility. Bibliographic coupling maps show emerging research clusters, indicating the potential for KSLR to build authority in key areas such as South Asian legal systems and international human rights. The study concludes with recommendations for KSLR to increase global outreach, promote interdisciplinary studies, and enhance academic collaboration to strengthen its impact within and beyond the region.

Positive Deviance in Nutritional Practices for Two-Year-Olds in Poor Fisherman Families in the Belawan Health Center Area, 2022

The problem of malnutrition is still the main problem faced in human resource development. The problem of growth and development of Baduta is a serious problem because at this age the process of physical and intellectual growth and development is critical. Malnutrition problems mostly occur in poor families but are not caused by poor families who have well-nourished children. The Belawan Community Health Center working area is one of the community health centers with the highest number of cases of malnutrition in Medan City. To overcome this, a program is needed that is believed to be effective and sustainable. One of the existing programs to overcome the problem of malnutrition and malnutrition is positive deviation. This research aims to identify positive behavior in feeding (type of food, processing of food ingredients, mealtimes and method of feeding) of toddlers who are well-nourished in poor fishing families in the Belawan Community Health Center Working Area in 2022. This research method is qualitative research with a narrative approach. Researchers studied individual lives by asking one or several individuals to tell stories about their lives related to positive behavior in feeding well-nourished animals. This information is then retold by the researcher in a narrative chronology. The findings of this research indicate that addressing nutritional challenges in children can be effectively achieved by leveraging the potential and resources within the community. This is done through the identification of positive deviant behaviors, particularly those related to beneficial feeding practices. These practices encompass aspects such as the types of food provided, the methods of food preparation, the timing of meals, and the approach to food administration. Keep up the great work! The way you’re thinking about integrating community strengths is spot-on for creating sustainable solutions.

Single and dual-atom catalysts towards electrosynthesis of ammonia and urea: a review.

Ammonia and urea represent two important chemicals that have contributed to the rapid development of humanity. However, their industrial production requires harsh conditions, consuming excessive energy and resulting in significant greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, there is growing interest in the electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia and urea as it can be carried out under ambient conditions. Recently, atomic catalysts (ACs) have gained increased attention for their superior catalytic properties, being able to outperform their micro and nano counterparts. This review examines the advantages and disadvantages of ACs and summarises the advancement of ACs in the electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia and urea. The focus is on two types of AC - single-atom catalysts (SACs) and diatom catalysts (DACs). SACs offer various advantages, including the 100% atom utilization that allows for low material mass loading, suppression of competitive reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and alternative reaction pathways allowing for efficient synthesis of ammonia and urea. DACs inherit these advantages, possessing further benefits of synergistic effects between the two catalytic centers at close proximity, particularly matching the NN bond for N2 reduction and boosting C-N coupling for urea synthesis. DACs also possess the ability to break the linear scaling relation of adsorption energy of reactants and intermediates, allowing for tuning of intermediate adsorption energies. Finally, possible future research directions using ACs are proposed.

Sustainable materials systems for triboelectric nanogenerator

AbstractBenefiting from the high sensitivity and electromechanical conversion efficiency, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are widely used in various fields of self‐powered sensing and mechanical energy harvesting, which have great potential for application in future smart Internet of Things. The development of sustainable triboelectric materials with high‐performance has a vital impact on the construction of TENG devices that combine high‐output performance and environmental friendliness, which have a positive impact on the sustainable development of humanity. This review systematically and comprehensively summarizes the latest research work on TENG's sustainable materials. First, an overall overview is provided based on the composition of the materials, including amino acids, polysaccharides, and synthetic polymer, and the representative research works are further classified and summarized in detail. In addition, the latest research progress of TENG with sustainable materials in the fields of self‐powered sensing and mechanical energy harvesting applications is also summarized. Finally, the overviews are provided for the various challenges in the current development of TENG's sustainable material, and the related outlooks are offered on the corresponding development strategies and directions of this field in the future.

The Gender Inequality in The Peruvian Labor Market, 2004-2021

The objective of the research is to describe gender inequality in the Peruvian labor market, 2004-2021, identifying the main factors that trigger this problem. The metho-dology applied is documentary type because different articles, works and research reports are collected. For this purpose, a descriptive and comparative analysis was carried out by gender of the following aspects: economically active population, activity rate employ-ment, economically active employed population, labor income, gender wage gap, emplo-yed population in the secondary sector, underemployment, salaried employment and une-mployment. Despite the advances in gender equality, a constant and wide gap remains between men and women in the labor market. Likewise, the results found show that most of the labor market variables by gender have a positive impact and are statistically signifi-cant on the human development index, the estimates would be affected by other gender inequalities that exist in the labor market such as discrimination, stereotypes, among ot-hers.

Global burden of ischemic stroke attributable to high body mass index in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021

BackgroundA high body mass index (hBMI) is one of the major risk factors for ischemic stroke (IS), although independent estimates of the global burden and trend of IS attributable to hBMI are unclear.MethodsStudy data were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study and analysed by age, sex, year, and geographical location. The sociodemographic index (SDI) and the human development index (HDI) were used as indicators of national socioeconomic status. Geographic distributions and trends were assessed by calculating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Associations between the age-standardized death rate (ASMR) or disability-adjusted life year rate (DALY) and socioeconomic status were analysed.ResultsDeaths and DALYs increased worldwide from 1990–2021, with increases of 95.74% for the former and 133.00% for the latter; the ASMR and ASDR decreased, with an ASMR and ASDR-related EAPCs of -1.10 (95% CI: -1.24–-0.96) and 0.04 (95% CI:-0.47–0.55), respectively; women had greater numbers of deaths and DALYs, and the majority of deaths and DALYs were shared by those aged ≥ 70. The highest burden rates were shared by Eastern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. The ASMR-related EAPCs were associated with the ASMR in 1990 (R = -0.35, P < 0.001) and the SDI in 2021 in different countries (R = -0.66, P < 0.001); these patterns were similar to those of the ASDR; the HDI in 2021 was associated with the ASMR-related EAPC (R = -0.71, P < 0.001) and the ASDR-related EAPC in different countries (R = -0.71, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe number of deaths and DALYs from ischemic stroke attributable to hBMI worldwide increased substantially from 1990–2021. Successful population-wide initiatives targeting hBMI may mitigate a wide range of burdens on this disease. Taking into account variations in the SDI burden, future prevention and control strategies must be developed and implemented according to country-specific development status.

Metanoia and Ahimsa: Inputs in Inter-Religious Dialogue Between the Catholic Church and Jainism

The study aims to unlock metanoia and Ahimsa as fundamental doctrines of Christianity and Jainism, respectively, that can bring harmony and peace through their character of inclusivity and listening. These are also important traits to achieve the goals of UNSDG that facilitated total human development in various spheres of life. Metanoia is an all-embracing Christian concept about change of heart, while Ahimsa is a Jainist doctrine on non-violence and causing no harm to any life form. In interreligious dialogue, their inputs open doors for transforming potentials that can address issues in achieving sustainable development. Husserl’s phenomenological framework aids in finding meeting points that can bridge different religious strands. His phenomenological approach provides listening and suspension of judgments to bridge and deepen meaningful encounters. The research contends that both Catholicism and Jainism quest for spiritual liberation as a goal. Christianity adheres that metanoia is a way to achieve that where, through change of heart, it brings individuals to nothingness, shown in the unconditional love exemplified by Jesus on the cross. Jainism meets this view where ahimsa is the foundational principle in achieving spiritual liberation. Ahimsa goes with the other two pillars, namely, anekanta (multiplicity of viewpoints) and aparigraha (non-possession as lifestyle). Christianity and Jainism intersected in their aspirations for well-being and total liberation. Both agreed that human beings need to purify through righteous actions or positive karma. Aside from the e-library method, the research engaged in actual research collaboration with Jainist scholars that deepened the study. Through inclusivity and integration of common areas for social welfare achieved in inter-religious dialogue, the church’s agenda of synodality is facilitated.