Development Of Housing Construction Research Articles

Investment contract as a basis for obtaining housing: theory and practice problems

The investment contract, as a mechanism that allows you to get housing, is gaining more and more popularity in modern housing construction. This tool becomes key in ensuring access to housing for broad segments of the population and contributes to the development of housing construction. However, along with its advantages, the investment contract causes several problems in both theoretical and practical aspects. In the current economic instability in Ukraine and the difficult financial situation of a large part of the population, the search for affordable and effective ways to realize the dream of owning a home has intensified. In this context, new buildings are especially popular as objects that provide an opportunity to purchase housing during the construction stage. Investment contracts certainly remain among the most profitable in this process. Purchasing at the construction stage allows you to reduce costs as much as possible, and later sell at a higher price when the object is ready for operation, reducing the tax burden. However, having chosen this path, future owners face the risk of an unforeseen situation, since there are almost no guarantees for investors to invest in residential construction without complying with the law or the terms of the contracts. In this context, studying the problems of the theory and practice of the investment contract as a basis for obtaining housing is an urgent task. On the one hand, it is necessary to carefully analyze the theoretical foundations of the investment contract and its place in the system of legal regulation. On the other hand, it is important to consider the practical experience of using this tool, identify the problems faced by participants in housing construction, and propose ways to solve them. In this work, we will reveal the essence of the investment contract as a mechanism for obtaining housing, analyze the theoretical aspects of this issue, consider the practical experience of using investment contracts in housing construction, and identify the main problems that arise in this area. Such an analysis will make it possible to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of using an investment contract as a tool for obtaining housing and to determine directions for further research in this area.

A Research on Evaluation Index System of High Quality Housing

After decades of rapid development, China's real estate industry is transforming from large-scale to high-quality development. The outline of the national 14th Five-Year Plan and the introduction of macro-control policies such as "three red lines" and "centralized land supply" have formed a consensus on improving the quality of housing in a wider range, which all point to the same direction, that is, real estate should return to the property of people's livelihood and pay attention to people-oriented and high-quality development. Residents' housing concept has undergone a major change, putting forward higher requirements for residence satisfaction, and the demand for housing has also shifted from quantity to quality. High-quality housing has become an inevitable trend in the development of residential construction. According to the requirements of high-quality development of housing construction, this paper explores and studies the evaluation index system of high-quality housing from the perspective of residents' feelings to help improve the overall happiness index of residents.

Assessing current state and prospects for housing construction development in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation

Housing commissioning in the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation was low until 2019, which resulted in housing availability lower than the national average. The Government of the Russian Federation implemented the program on preferential mortgage lending “Far Eastern Mortgage” that led to an increase in the housing availability in apartment buildings in the macro-region, purchased on credit, while stimulating price growth at a rate outpacing the increase in household incomes. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving measures to support the housing construction market of apartment buildings in the Far Eastern Federal District. The data on the volume and structure of multifamily housing under construction, the main factors of construction cost formation in the macro-region have been analyzed. The mechanism of mortgage influence with state support on the supply growth has been described. It is shown that the dynamics of supply is insufficient to achieve the average Russian values on housing provision of the population, in this connection stimulation measures require improvement. The high dependence of the housing market on mortgage lending programs with state support has been revealed. Based on the comparative analysis of the Far Eastern Mortgage program with other preferential mortgage programs, the article presents proposals for improving the measures of state support for multifamily housing construction in the Far East.

MORTGAGE REAL ESTATE MARKET: LENDING TO HOUSEHOLDS BY COMMERCIAL BANKS OF UKRAINE DURING THE STATE OF MARTIAL

MORTGAGE REAL ESTATE MARKET: LENDING TO HOUSEHOLDS BY COMMERCIAL BANKS OF UKRAINE DURING THE STATE OF MARTIAL

ЖИЛИЩНОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО КАК ДРАЙВЕР РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Rural territories are a strategic resource of the Russian Federation. Their development is significantly influenced by the level and quality of life of the rural population. The low quality of life of the rural population, limited employment opportunities, low income levels, as well as poorly developed infrastructure lead to an outflow of labor to cities and the disappearance of entire settlements. Activating housing construction in rural areas will ensure their sustainable development. Government support measures in the field of rural development have an impact on improving the living conditions of the rural population. Preferential rural mortgages are the main mechanism stimulating supply and demand in the rural housing construction market. At the end of 2022 Volga Federal District took a leading position in the demand for preferential rural mortgages. The study was conducted to identify the most attractive and promising federal districts for the development of rural housing construction in the Russian Federation. The Southern, North Caucasian, Volga and Central regions are characterized by unique opportunities that make it possible, through the development of housing construction, to indirectly develop agriculture as a whole. Less attractive for the development of rural housing construction are the Northwestern, Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts. The results of the authors' research will be useful to various authorities to improve methods for stimulating housing construction in rural areas.

THE IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of housing construction in modern conditions and its impact on socio-economic development. The reasons are identified that contribute to a decrease in the dynamics of the commissioning of residential buildings, in particular, a slowdown in the use of mortgage lending, geopolitical changes, an increase in the key interest rate by the central bank, a reduction in the provision of preferential loans in the budget housing segment and an increase in rates for them, rising housing prices.
 The authors substantiate that during the prolongation of the development program, support for housing construction for the next period, it should be based on the current principles given in the work. The key negative features of the current model of housing construction development are highlighted.
 It is concluded that a well-built, well-developed system of housing construction development is able to solve acute issues of improving the living conditions of citizens and contribute to the provision of housing for those in need, to maintain the attractiveness of investing money in this industry, both from developers and investors, to ensure the preservation of cultural and historical, architectural features of territory planning, ensure the housing
 construction industry an effective state under the influence of external and internal influences and, in general, contribute to the sustainable socio-economic development of the regions.

Contribution of N. V. Dmitriev to the Development of Housing Construction of Saint Petersburg in the Pre-Revolutionary Period

The article is devoted to the creative contribution of architect Nikolay Dmitriev to the development of housing construction in Saint Petersburg. The examples of the architect’s works trace the characteristic changes in the principles of the formation of the residential environment that occurred in the practice of housing construction in Saint Petersburg at the turn of the 20th century. The authors reveal the relationship between the artistic experience of Russian architecture and the features of the formation of complex residential development, which served as a prototype for the further development of residential complexes of the post-revolutionary period.

Contribution of N. V. Dmitriev to the Development of Housing Construction of Saint Petersburg in the Pre-Revolutionary Period

The article is devoted to the creative contribution of architect Nikolay Dmitriev to the development of housing construction in Saint Petersburg. The examples of the architect’s works trace the characteristic changes in the principles of the formation of the residential environment that occurred in the practice of housing construction in Saint Petersburg at the turn of the 20th century. The authors reveal the relationship between the artistic experience of Russian architecture and the features of the formation of complex residential development, which served as a prototype for the further development of residential complexes of the post-revolutionary period.

Реалии и перспективы сельской ипотеки в жилищной политике на селе

The analysis of organizational and economic mechanisms for improving the housing conditions of the rural population presented in the article within the framework of the State Program of the Russian Federation "Integrated development of rural territories" for the period of this program in terms of the federal project "Development of housing construction in rural areas and improvement of the level of household improvement" revealed the weaknesses and strengths of the organizational and economic tools used in this project and mechanisms for improving the housing conditions of the rural population and ensuring a sustainable reduction in the proportion of unsuitable for accommodation of the housing stock.The improvement of organizational and economic mechanisms in the field of housing policy in rural areas is aimed at reducing the number of rural families registered for a long time as those in need of housing.
 Based on the research, directions are proposed to improve the existing organizational and economic mechanisms for improving the housing conditions of the rural population in order to increase the share of the total area of well-maintained residential premises in rural settlements, including by restructuring budget allocations within the framework of the Federal Project "Development of housing construction in rural areas and improving the level of home improvement".

THE 1952 “BOOK OF TASTY AND HEALTHY FOOD” IN THE SYSTEM OF IDEOLOGICAL MYTHS OF THE USSR

The article examines the 1952 “Book of Tasty and Healthy Food” in the context of the development of mass agitation and propaganda in the USSR. This colorful and richly illustrated publication was not only a guide to cooking, but also set the task of planting the idea of the achievements of socialist construction in people’s mind. The book proclaimed the triumph of the Soviet food industry and housing construction development. It was the first to describe such a social space as the kitchen, a place for cooking, and it dealt with a personal kitchen, and the appearance of gas stoves and refrigerators. The author shows that the guide, not least of all set the goal of stimulating the buying activity of citizens in order to replenish the state budget. The recipes presented in the book were aimed at different income strata of the society and people of various occupations. The book advertised delicatessen products: black caviar, artichokes, champagne, sturgeon, etc. At the same time, some of the recipes were targeted at working women, and the book featured a wide selection of convenience foods produced by the food industry. However, turning to the actual living conditions of citizens in this period allows us to conclude that for many readers the book was just a myth of a blissful life. The analysis of appeals made by citizens to the executive bodies shows that many of them did not even entertain the hope for the change for the better, and the process of modernization of the housing stock continued in violation of the norms of social justice. The abundance of food that was demonstrated in the book existed solely on paper. Even in large cities the distribution of food supplies to regular grocery stores was uneven. The situation in the provinces was even more patchy. In a planned economy, some foodstuffs were shipped over long distances. All this created the prerequisites for food shortage, and the “Book of Tasty and Healthy Food” was intended to fulfill, above all, an ideological mission.

Assessment of trends in the development of housing construction in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Object: to identify and evaluate the main trends in the development of housing construction in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article considers the development of the construction industry in modern economic and investment conditions. The growth trend in the field of construction organizations, the concept of achieving competitive advantages of construction firms were shown.
 Methods: based on specific statistical data, the main trends in this area were identified, correlation-regression analysis was carried out, and conclusions were drawn based on the results of the study. After drawing the trend line, forecasts were made for the following years. The accuracy of the forecast was checked.
 Findings: based on the identified trends, factors contributing to the sustainable development of housing were identified, their analysis and forecast were carried out. The development of housing construction in the Republic of Kazakhstan is mathematically justified and evaluated. The dynamics of the identified factors made it possible to systematize research and identify factors that have a positive impact on the sustainable development of housing construction. The volume of construction works, the index of physical volume, and the number of construction organizations are increasing.
 Conclusions: an analysis of the contribution of the construction sector to the economy of Kazakhstan in gross domestic product was carried out. The trend of development of the volume of construction works was evaluated. Factors affecting the volume of construction work were also selected. The trend of increasing the volume of housing commissioned in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been identified. The determination of the place of the construction industry in the economy and its role in public production was determined by the impact of the final results of its functioning on the economic and social development of the region.

INNOVATIVE FORMS AND METHODS OF INVESTING IN HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

In modern conditions, the housing construction sector is dynamically developing and transforming under the influence of the turbulent processes of our time: globalization, digitalization, platformization, greening, etc. The purpose of the article is to identify new innovative forms of investment in housing construction and their features in different countries. When analyzing innovative forms of investment in housing construction, a generalization of theoretical approaches to understanding this phenomenon was carried out, modern trends and features of investment were identified. Such new forms as crowdfunding and crowdinvesting are disclosed, which allow expanding opportunities for individual investors, reducing risks and promoting the further development of housing construction, taking into account modern key features. Mechanisms for financing housing construction depend on many factors: the development of the credit and financial, insurance and stock markets, the stability of the national currency, the inflation rate, the solvency of the population, the development and implementation of information technologies, the dynamic development of which is accompanied by the creation of digital platforms and other processes. Under the influence of these factors, the processes of investing in housing construction are actively developing and becoming more complex. Real estate crowdfunding is carried out through online crowdfunding platforms, in which many investors gather to implement construction or renovation projects for residential and commercial real estate. The crowdfunding platform acts as an intermediary between the fund seeker and investors. Crowdinvesting is equity crowdfunding that raises capital from many small investor companies through internet platforms. Loan crowdfunding or crowdlending is the financing of a real estate project through a loan that investors provide to develop the project. Modern information and communication technologies provide ample opportunities for developing new investment and lending instruments, which allows diversifying risks, expanding the number of investors, easing the debt burden for potential borrowers, etc.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC TOOLS OF STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSING SECTOR

The study focuses on the importance and problems of the development of the housing stock in Ukraine, which was actualized at the stage of the post-war reconstruction of the national economy and the need to preserve the social infrastructure in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the organizational and economic tools of the state policy of stimulating the development of the housing construction sector. It is shown that from the point of view of state regulation, it is important to ensure the formation of a full-fledged sector of housing construction, formed from construction enterprises and elements of functional and auxiliary infrastructure (subjects of market infrastructure; real estate agencies; development structures; design bureaus; consulting, design, financial -credit institutions; investment and financial funds; manufacturers and suppliers of materials, fixed assets; certification centers and laboratories; companies servicing construction facilities, etc.). It has been proven that in order to properly stimulate the development of the housing construction sector in Ukraine, a complex of organizational and economic tools should be implemented, when the implementation of organizational tools is designed to form a high-quality management system of housing construction development processes – from central and local authorities to direct investment and construction projects. The toolkit of the economic block should focus on the formation of appropriate incentives for business entities, buyers, market and branch infrastructure entities regarding investments in housing construction, development of this industry / sector of the national economy in the direction of improving the country’s social infrastructure. It has been established that the purpose of the state program in this area is to determine the implementation of the principles, mechanisms and means of implementing state policy in the field of development of the housing construction sector in Ukraine. The expected results of the implementation of state regulatory instruments are defined as: creation, development and ensuring the effective operation of the system of entities that make up the housing construction sector.

Current state of housing construction and its availability in Kazakhstan

The purpose of this article is to analyze the development of housing construction and assess the affordability of housing at the present stage. The paper presents the results of a study of the state of the volume of the country’s housing stock, its structural composition by form of ownership, distribution by regions of Kazakhstan. The analysis of the commissioning of new housing, a comparison by the territorial structures of the country is given. The sources of investment in housing construction are considered: private, state and foreign. The results of the analysis of quantitative ratios of indicators by sources of investment in housing construction are presented. The analysis of the annual commissioning of affordable housing built under housing programs at the expense of public investment is presented. The assessment was made of the affordability of commercial housing based on the selected prices for apartments by regions of Kazakhstan (as of January, June and December 2022) and an assessment of the affordability of housing, taking into account the economic instruments that take place in the housing programs of Kazakhstan as of 2023. The article was prepared as part of the implementation of the scientific project No. AP09260210, funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Creation of programs for sustainable administration of low-rise housing construction programs in remote areas with special climatic conditions

Objective: The research is aimed at creation of programs for development of low-rise housing construction which are suitable for remote territories with special climatic conditions. They allow intensifying low-rise housing construction and contribute to the development of a natural resource base from local building materials. Methods: Authors used the methodology, which is based on the creation of regional programs for the development of low-rise housing construction (LRC) that aim to solve socio-economic problems through a new organizational and economic mechanism. Results: The procedure for creation of regional programs for development of low-rise housing construction has been developed. At a fundamental level of the created programs there is an organizational and economic mechanism which includes subject-object relations regarding implementation of low-rise housing construction development programs and is aimed at achieving the key outcome – construction of low-rise energy-efficient block-type houses for certain categories of citizens living in remote territories with special climatic conditions. The organizational and economic mechanism is based on taking into account interests of individual groups of subjects which makes it possible to achieve the highest level of efficiency in implementation of regional programs for the development of low-rise housing construction in remote territories with special climatic conditions. Suggestions: The proposed model of the Departmental special-purpose program offers solutions to the problem of providing low-rise housing with a high level of comfort and quality for certain categories of citizens employed in socially significant industries. The procedure developed in the article is recommended to be used by executive and state authorities for the creation of regional programs for the intensification of low-rise housing construction.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ ЖИЛИЩНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА В СССР В 1920–1980-Х ГОДАХ (ЧАСТЬ III)

According to the Rosstat, around six seventh of the population of the Russian Federation currently keep on living in houses built from 6 to 7. Nevertheless, such issues as macro-level housing construction trends in the USSR and the structure of housing construction by source of financing have often been overlooked in the contemporary Russian economic literature. In this article, we identify five stages of the development of housing construction in the USSR during the period from 1918 to 1990. Our analysis rests upon indicators on housing completions by five-year plan and the evolution of the legistation for the housing sector. In Part I of the article, we present our review of approaches to periodisation of housing construction in the USSR from the standpoint of different research disciplines. It contains also our analysis of the first stage from 1918 to 1928 based on a broad range of sources. Part II of the article examines the results of the second stage (from 1929 to 1941) and the third stage (from 1941 to 1955), whereas Part III of the article studies the evolution of housing construction during the fourth stage (from 1956 to 1975) and the fifth stage (from 1976 to 1990). Particular attention is paid to individual housing construction, housing construction cooperatives and housing construction in rural areas as factors that influenced substantially the overall dynamics of housing construction during most of the time of the USSR’s existence.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ ЖИЛИЩНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА В СССР В 1920–1980-х ГОДАХ (ЧАСТЬ I)

According to the Rosstat, around six seventh of the population of the Russian Federation currently keep on living in houses built from 6 to 7. Nevertheless, such issues as macro-level housing construction trends in the USSR and the structure of housing construction by source of financing have often been overlooked in the contemporary Russian economic literature. In this article, we identify five stages of the development of housing construction in the USSR during the period from 1918 to 1990. Our analysis rests upon indicators on housing completions by five-year plan and the evolution of the legistation for the housing sector. In Part I of the article, we present our review of approaches to periodisation of housing construction in the USSR from the standpoint of different research disciplines. It contains also our analysis of the first stage from 1918 to 1928 based on a broad range of sources. Part II of the article examines the results of the second stage (from 1929 to 1941) and the third stage (from 1941 to 1955), whereas Part III of the article studies the evolution of housing construction during the fourth stage (from 1956 to 1975) and the fifth stage (from 1976 to 1990). Particular attention is paid to individual housing construction, housing construction cooperatives and housing construction in rural areas as factors that influenced substantially the overall dynamics of housing construction during most of the time of the USSR’s existence.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ БУДІВНИЦТВА ЖИТЛОВОЇ НЕРУХОМОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

Increasing the level of provision of housing for the population of Ukraine is traditionally one of the most urgent and problematic socio-economic tasks of development. Solving this task is a priority of housing policy and should be accompanied by effective methods and forms of state regulation of housing construction both at the national and local levels of management. The article researches the current state of housing provision of the population of Ukraine, the state of the housing stock. Based on the results, the main specific characteristics that are important for the practice of state regulation of residential real estate construction are separated. The current legislative and regulatory framework regulating the activity of the subjects of the residential real estate market in Ukraine has been studied. Based on the systematization of scientific literature, the set of functions of state regulation of the housing construction industry was supplemented. The author's vision of the scheme of the system of state regulation of the construction of residential real estate is offered. It was determined that in order to ensure the effective functioning of the system of state regulation, it is necessary to build an appropriate mechanism for its institutional and organizational support. The principles of sustainable development of housing construction and the full guaranteed supply of the country's population with housing should become the dominant principles of the system of state regulation of housing construction. Separate aspects of the practice of state regulation of housing construction and the market of housing services in foreign countries are analyzed. The results of the research showed that the adoption of the Housing Code, the implementation of targeted strategic and medium-term social housing programs of affordable housing and rent for the country's population, and the further development and support of mortgage lending could be promising directions for the national practice of state regulation of residential real estate construction. Priority forms of state regulation can become public-private partnership and interaction with regional (local) governing bodies.

СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ РОЗВИТКУ ЖИТЛОВОГО БУДІВНИЦТВА В КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВИ

The article is devoted to the study of the role of housing construction in ensuring the financial security of the state. Based on the study of existing scientific sources and own scientific research, a generalization of approaches to the interpretation of the category "financial security of the state" was carried out, which made it possible to offer the scientific community an author's interpretation of it with an emphasis on the role in the process of its provision of the real sector of the economy. It is suggested that the financial security of the state should be understood as the ability of the state to respond promptly to internal and external threats to the functioning of its financial system in order to maintain the pace of development of the real sector of the economy and protect national interests.The author's approach to revealing the role of the housing construction sector in ensuring the financial security of the state is proposed, which, unlike the existing ones, allows considering the mutual influence of the level of financial security of the state and the level of financial security of the housing construction sector. System of measures for the development of housing construction, the practical im-plementation of which is aimed at increasing the efficiency of its functioning, as well as strengthening the financial security of the state, is given. It has been proven that ensuring the effective functioning of the housing construction sector is currently impossible without international financial and technical support. It is with the help of joint efforts of domestic and international participants in the field of housing construction that the possibility of quick and high-quality recovery will be formed, which in turn will have a positive impact not only on the state of the national economy, but also contribute to strengthening the level of financial security of the state.There is a well-founded need to find new approaches to the functioning of the housing con-struction sector, to transform the mechanismof building a system of its financial relations, which should be based on a systematic approach to attracting financial resources, forming a possible list of sources of funds necessary for the rapid recovery of this sector.

Стан розвитку житлового будівництва в умовах війни

Стан розвитку житлового будівництва в умовах війни