Development Of High-tech Products Research Articles

Assessment of prospects for achieving the national goal of halving the poverty rate compared to the 2017

The paper presents research on the problem of reducing poverty in Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to assess the prospects for achieving the national goal of twofold poverty level reducing in Russia by 2030 compared to the 2017. However, in terms of dynamics to the approaches to the poverty, it will be possible to achieve the twofold poverty reduction by 2030 compared to the 2017. It can be implemented in accordance with Presidential Decree No. 474 on 21 July 2020. Moreover, it is not the problem solving; the measurement scale transformation is not the proper tool that can eliminate (or at least reduce) poverty in society. The practical significance of the research is the introduction of a differentiated progressive taxation scale and development of favourable conditions for the intensive development of high-tech and competitive production as the most effective tools for poverty reduction. It will cause an increase in the population’s income, strengthening of the national distributive and redistributive functions. Additionally, it allows ones’ to reduce the income gap between the richest and poorest segments of the population (reduction of the Gini index).

SAP-LAP Model of higher Education for Change Management of Human Capital in Support of Sustainable Development of High-Tech Production

SAP-LAP Model of higher Education for Change Management of Human Capital in Support of Sustainable Development of High-Tech Production

Assessment of the efficiency of grain production and use based on modern biotechnologies in the Minsk region

Information is provided on the current state of the grain subcomplex in Belarus, in particular the Minsk region. The necessity of further development of high-tech agroindustrial production of a full cycle of in-depth processing of key grain crops on the basis of the Belarusian National Biotechnology Corporation is substantiated. This can help to increase the profitability of the main farms of the Minsk region.

Preface: 4th International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2023)

The 2023 4th International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2023) was held in Athens, Greece during November 18-19, 2023, bringing together representatives of some of the best high-tech universities, institutions, and companies.
 AMCCE 2023 is aimed at providing platform to exchange information on advanced R&D deliverables in the fields of automatic control, mechanical engineering, mechatronics, electrical engineering, and computational engineering, as well as discussing issues, presenting new devices, engineering solutions, software and systems, and bringing together academic research and industry for development of high-tech products.
 This publication contains most of the papers presented during the conference. All papers selected here were subjected to peer reviewing process. As such, we would like to thank all reviewers, type-setting editors, and last but not least all committee members for the successful publication of this conference.
 Organizing Committee of AMCCE 2023
 Athens, Greece

METHODICAL PROVISION OF ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE ON THE BASIS OF SCORE-COEFFICIENT METHOD

Topicality. The development of high-tech industrial enterprises in the conditions of the socio-economic crisis of the world economy and the state of war in Ukraine can become one of the actual promising directions for choosing a strategy for the development of Ukraine's innovative economy. This will allow the country to produce products with a high level of added value, to increase the level of export of products, which will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy, reducing dependence on the technologies of foreign countries and leaving the shadow of the "raw material appendage", socio-economic growth and sustainable development. Such achievements are possible taking into account the evolutionary approach to the management of the development of high-tech industrial enterprises and the justification of the choice of priorities taking into account the scientific and technological component on the basis of forecasting directions of technological development and know-how, ways of developing venture investments and directions of state support for enterprises of high-tech industries, coordinated financial credit, depreciation and structural policies. For this purpose, the selection of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises is relevant, one of which is the ball-coefficient method, which is studied in the article.Aim and tasks. To provide methodical support for evaluating the efficiency of the operation of a high-tech industrial enterprise based on the point-coefficient methodMaterials and Methods. The results of the comparative analysis and theoretical generalization of developments, scientific approaches to the assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises are covered in publications of a fundamental, analytical and practical nature, which form the material and methodical basis of the research. The evaluation of efficiency was carried out using the point-coefficient method. This method, unlike the existing ones, is based on an integral indicator and an expert assessment based on the final evaluation of scientific and technological, industrial, organizational, social and economic potentials and additional preliminary studies.Research results. As modern real practice shows, only reforming the high-tech sector of Ukraine's economy will not solve the issue of creating real opportunities for domestic enterprises exit from the crisis. That is why the task of evaluating the effectiveness of high-tech management has arisen enterprises. For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures for the preparation and implementation of scientific-based, scientific-technological, organizational and management solutions that have a high-tech direction and to form the appropriate methodological support for the management of high-tech activities of industrial enterprises. The prerequisites for achieving the set goals are orientation towards international standards for determining the efficiency of high-tech enterprise activities and assessing the competitiveness of the products produced by them. To determine the level of efficiency of the operation of a high-tech enterprise, it is necessary to determine its high-tech potential in general, which consists not only of production potential, but also of scientific and technological, organizational, social and environmental potential. The article proposes a point-coefficient method for determining a single integral indicator of the high-tech potential of an industrial enterprise, taking into account expert assessments. One of the most important such indicators is the determination of the specific weight of scientific and research developments assigned to the highest quality category. Therefore, the issue of quality attestation of high-tech projects has been investigated. These certification data are included in the system for assessing the quality of functioning of a high-tech enterprise. To expand the company's potential, it is proposed to use such a CASE tool as BPwin. In the future, this will become the basis for the development and implementation of an information model of the investment process, which will lead to the further expansion of the enterprise and the production of high-tech products. This will provide an opportunity to make a decision about making long-term investments by the enterprise to increase the high-tech potential of the enterprise based on the calculation of expected performance indicators. The information model built in this way acts as a basis for solving tasks related to increasing the efficiency of the operation of high-tech production, determining the economically feasible limits of robotization of technological operations, and choosing the parameters and type of equipment.Conclusion. The article developed a methodology with a corresponding system of indicators for evaluating the efficiency of the high-tech industrial enterprise using the point-coefficient method. The components of the high-tech potential of the enterprise, as well as the requirements and compliance with regard to the certification of high-tech projects, are determined. The requirements for modern design and technological documentation for the development and production of high-tech products and for its technical and economic level for the formation of an information model for calculating expected performance indicators are substantiated.

Assessment of the competitiveness of regional innovation systems

Subject. This article analyzes the development of high-tech production in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to theoretically substantiate, develop and test a methodology for assessing the competitiveness of innovation systems in Russian regions. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis. Results. The article presents a rating of innovative regions of Russia, which helps determine promising areas of economic development of the country. Conclusions. The development of the regional innovation system is determined by external macroeconomic conditions, as well as internal economic, geographical, sectoral and technological factors.

Инновационная инфраструктура как фактор повышения конкурентоспособности региона

In modern conditions, innovative infrastructure is a fundamental element for the development of a regional economic system. The availability of an efficient innovation infrastructure optimizes the process of the implementation of promising production ideas and their commercialization in the industrial sector of the region. The purpose of this study is connected with the assessment possibility of the influence level of innovations on the competitiveness of regional economic system in the context of global competition and uncertainty growth in social and production processes. The methodological basis of the study is presented by the results of research studies by domestic and foreign experts, within which a comprehensive analysis of conditions and specifics of innovative transformations in the development of the region was carried out, with the identification of promising opportunities for relevant innovations’ integration into the regional socio-economic system. In accordance with this, in the course of the study, the following general theoretical and special research methods were applied: statistical analysis, generalization, grouping, systematization, deduction, induction, and graph theory. The result of the study is the assessment of the impact of innovations on the development of the regional economic system, as well as to form the conditions for construction of innovative infrastructure and predict the results of its impact on the level of competitiveness of the region in case of its optimal integration in accordance with the functioning of national or international organizations. The results obtained can be used by state and regional authorities that provide optimal innovative development and implementation of an economically determined sequence of activities within the framework of regional innovation policy, as well as small and medium-sized production entities, scientific and educational organizations operating in the development and implementation of high-tech products with increased value.

Employing online big data and patent statistics to examine the relationship between end product's perceived quality and components' technological features

The aim of this work is to analyse the relationship between components' technological features and a product's perceived quality by consumers. The information about technological features is gathered from patent data, whereas the perceived quality is based on a voluminous set of online users' opinions. The research intends to let emerge the usefulness of big data for managing the technological development of high-tech products. The relationship is tested in the smartphone industry, focusing on 168 flagship smartphones. The work demonstrates the role of components of a product architecture in improving the end product's market value. Specifically, the perceived quality of a smartphone seems to be particularly affected by technological features of three components - application processor, camera module, and image sensor - in terms of both technological capacity and technological strategy.

Противоречия информационной экономики как новое пространство для развития человеческого потенциала России и Китая

The article highlights the transformation of the role of information products in modern production, developing in the conditions of rapid technical and economic changes. This process stands out in different aspects. It is noted that in addition to cases when a producer voluntarily puts an information product into free access, when the state provides access to information, information benefits are also increasingly becoming free (or cheaper) in the commercial sector. The latter is connected with the development of artificial intelligence and neurotechnologies, which makes advertising more effective, and encourages information producers to make their product as accessible as possible for a wider advertising coverage. As a result, there is a contradiction when the distribution of free information goods due to the growth of advertising undermines commodity, market relations. At the same time, ensuring broad access to freely distributed information benefits is an essential condition for the development of human potential, which, in turn, is necessary for the development of high-tech production. The author substantiates a set of recommendations of socio-economic policy in the context of the new role of information products and, in general, the growing importance of the quality of human potential in production. The importance of international cooperation between Russia and China in the field of economics, science, education, and culture is emphasized. This interaction is particularly relevant in the conditions of acute geopolitical confrontation and the need to solve the problems of catching up development.

Development of high-tech agricultural production in Ukraine

Purpose. Given the global technological trends, identify conceptual approaches to technical and technological modernization of the agricultural production as a key element of sustainable development of the real sector of the economy of Ukraine and strategic directions of agricultural science research. Methods. Monographic, system analysis, abstract and logical. Results. It has been established that in the conditions of global climatic changes, the basis of the formation of highly automated agriculture will be flexible ecologically oriented technological processes in agricultural production, built on fundamentally new technical and technological foundations, namely: intellectualization, digitalization, complex automation and robotization. The concept of development of high-tech agricultural production of Ukraine has been developed based on the principles of sustainable development and the innovative concept “Industry 4.0”, which will ensure high and sustainable economic growth of the agricultural sector, the development of domestic agricultural machinery and related sectors of the economy. Strategic tasks for agricultural science on the development of the technical and technological base of highly automated agricultural production are identified. Conclusions. The study of modern trends in the development of the economies of advanced countries and their effectiveness give grounds for asserting that the specified strategic directions of technical and technological modernization of the agricultural sector will be the basis for the formation of an effective model for the development of high-tech agricultural climate-oriented production in Ukraine. Keywords: climate change, high-tech production, agriculture, technology, intellectualization, automation, mechanical engineering.

Administrative-legal support for the development of innovation clusters in modern Russia

The article substantiates the importance of state support for innovation clusters created for the development and implementation of high-tech products and solutions in all spheres of public life, which should contribute to the growth of the economy and ensure economic security of the Russian Federation. The process of creation and subsequent development of innovative clusters needs to improve the relevant administrative and legal regulation, and the support and incentive measures themselves should be predominantly administrative in nature, since the state’s costs for cluster projects implemented through subsidies are not always paid off. The article has a problem-staging character.

Challenges for the Economic Security of the State in the Context of the Formation of the Digital Economy

The rapid pace of technological progress has created new opportunities for every person, enterprise and state in achieving their goals and interests. The digital economy is now considered as a component of the traditional one, and its share indicates the level of use of the latest digital technologies, which becomes the dominant factor for improving the competitive position of a certain country in the global economic space. The development of high-tech industrial production with the simultaneous digitalization of all areas of the socio-economic environment creates conditions for the further technological dominance of a limited circle of leading countries. At the same time, the changes caused by digitalization require a revision of the basic principles for ensuring the economic security of the state. Timely tracking of changes manifested in challenges is important to counter new threats. A detailed study of the world experience, in particular, of economically developed countries, in the formation of the digital economy made it possible to identify a number of challenges for which it is advisable to develop adequate response measures in order to avoid possible threats to the economic security of the state.

Sustainable development and formation of a competitive machine-building complex in Russia

The article discusses the problems of sustainable development of the national economy of Russia, in particular one of the basic sectors of the economy - the country's machine-building complex. It is noted that mechanical engineering is the basic guideline and the main vector of economic development. The sustainable development of all sectors of the economy is determined by the successful development of high-tech engineering production. Innovative forms of development are possible on the platform of leading industrial enterprises that determine key directions and high-tech forms of dynamic development of all sectors of the national economy. The tendencies in the development of industrial enterprises in conditions of increased competition are identified. The possibilities of investment and innovative methods for updating the fixed capital fund of machine-building enterprises are considered. Factors of negative impact and measures of strategy for the successful development of the Russian economy are identified.

ЦЕНТРЫ КОЛЛЕКТИВНОГО ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КАК НОВЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ГОРОДА МОСКВЫ

In modern conditions, the creation of urban infrastructure is becoming one of the main tasks of the regional economy. The creation and implementation of state centers for collective use is carried out in order to increase the innovative potential, since the state provides an opportunity to establish a pilot production of innovators without attracting large investments in industrial equipment. It is important to note that for the majority of owners and managers of organizations, the economic crisis has reduced the ability and desire to take risks, while innovation is always accompanied by it. As a result, organizations’ budgets for additional areas, such as the development of innovative lines of business, have declined in favor of budgets for normal operating costs. This was the reason for the increased interest in the centers of collective use and in large business, modernizing the innovation policy of the city of Moscow. The purpose of the article is to propose promising models for the use of collective use centers for the development of post-industrial high-tech production; the subject is industrial relations when creating such centers. The creation of a collective use center as a tool for implementing the city’s innovation policy to support enterprises developing the economy is considered.

БЕЗПЕКОВІ ЗАСАДИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ІНДУСТРІЯ 4.0

The current results of the financial and economic activity of most Ukrainian industrial enterprises testify to their struggle for survival, based on the possibility of satisfying the limited demand of the population, the need to preserve the personnel and the most effective use of the available resource base. Innovative activity has a clear tendency to decline due to underfunding and increased pressure from foreign competitors and in the domestic market. The study is aimed at clarifying the changes taking place in economically developed countries in the process of implementing Industry 4.0, with further specification of the safety principles for ensuring the competitiveness of Ukrainian industrial enterprises. In order to consider the safety principles of ensuring the competitiveness of industrial enterprises, the following methods were applied: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of the essential characteristics of the terms «fourth industrial revolution» and «Industry 4.0»; synthesis and analysis – to characterize the innovative activity of Ukrainian industrial enterprises; morphological analysis – to clarify the nature of the changes taking place in the industrial sector of economically developed countries, and outline the essence of the obstacles inhibiting the technological transformation of Ukrainian industrial enterprises; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and research conclusions. In economically developed countries, the implementation of the fourth industrial revolution is taking place, which is based on comprehensive robotics and automation with the widest possible use of digital technologies. The development of the Industry 4.0 concept in the leading countries was designed to provide favorable conditions for improving the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. The ability of most Ukrainian enterprises to carry out technological transformation is limited not only by the lack of investment resources, in the absence of state support, but also by the course of processes associated with: deindustrialization of the national economy; a critically high share of the shadow economy; the current status of Ukraine as a donor country in relation to labor migration. The difference in the operating conditions of Ukrainian and foreign industrial enterprises deepens the technological lag with the loss of competitive advantages of domestic producers. The priority of changing the state policy regarding the development of high-tech industrial production in order to avoid increasing the threat and regarding the country’s competitiveness is substantiated.

ORGANIZATIONAL FEATURES OF HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IN RURAL AREAS

Introduction. Historically, the basis of the rural economy was agricultural production, and agricultural enterprises were responsible both for ensuring the employment of the rural population and for the development of social infrastructure. Radical reforms of the system of rural development, formed in the conditions of a centralized economy, focused on the privatization of land and property of farms of the corporate sector of the agrarian economy, led to the emergence of new business entities in rural areas that do not bear responsibility for their social development. Methods. During the research, general scientific and special methods of economic research were used, in particular: systemic approach − when studying the connections between phenomena and processes in the system of ensuring the reproduction of human capital in rural areas; comparative − to compare the socio-economic conditions of reproduction of human capital in rural areas; dialectical, abstract and logical − for theoretical generalizations and the formation of conclusions. The results. The proposed system of factors that determine the formation and development of human capital in the agricultural sector can be considered as basic, which can be supplemented and specified taking into account specialization and operating conditions. In the conditions of the formation of a market economy, one of the main principles of the accumulation and preservation of human capital in the agrarian sphere is the ability of the rural population to self-organize and self-governance of economic entities, as well as the effectiveness of market institutions, which give rise to the versatility of forms of ownership and the activation of competition. Along with this, the formation and functioning of human capital requires active improvement through the development and implementation of targeted and effective measures and mechanisms for its management. Discussion. In the post-war period of the revival of the agrarian economy, the problem of human capital with certain professional skills will arise in order to ensure the increase in the production of high-margin agricultural products. It is the development of high-tech agricultural production that will provide the financial basis for the development of the country's economy in the post-war period of its revival. At the same time, there will be a need to develop effective measures, first of all, at the state level for the formation of highly educated human capital in rural areas. In this aspect, it is important to form a system of educational institutions of all levels that would train highly qualified specialists for the agricultural sector of Ukraine and finance social infrastructure facilities that will ensure comfortable living conditions for residents of rural settlements. Keywords: human capital, rural areas, rural population, rural economy, reproduction.

ОБЗОР ЛАЗЕРНЫХ СКАНИРУЮЩИХ МЕТОДОВ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВЫХ СТРУКТУР

The development and widespread of high-tech microelectronic products impose increased requirements on the quality and reliability of microcircuits. The most effective methods for reliability improvement of electronic systems include diagnostic non-destructive testing (NDT) methods and selective destructive testing in special cases. Studies using visual inspection and electrical testing, consisting of functional and parametric testing, do not provide enough information to detect latent defects (for example, macro-defects in SiO 2 layers in CMOS chips) and to detect fakes and counterfeits. A fake integrated circuit (IC) may contain an undeclared malicious modification of the circuit, called hardware bugs. The common ICs studying tools are systems based on microfocus X-ray sources, scanning acoustic microscopes, optical and scanning electron microscopes, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopes. Products destruction avoidance is a fundamental point, for example, for the technological process control in crystal manufacturing. Investigation of ICs using a light microscope is one of the most accessible and widespread method of microchip NDT. Semiconductor ICs structure scanning from the side of the device layer is limited by the shielding effect of metallization, since the metal is opaque for light. This limitation can be overcome by an alternative approach to microchip scanning based on irradiating the IC from the side of the substrate with laser sources in the near-IR range. This paper provides a brief overview of the major methods used in laser scanning microscopy to analyze the structures, responses, and features of the operating modes of semiconductor circuits. The main advantages and limitations in the use of optical methods are described, as well as what information about the product can be obtained as a result of laser scanning.

Analyzing the indicators of development and distribution of high-tech products (the case of robotics and mobile devices)

Subject. The article discusses a methodology for analysis of development and distribution of high-tech products. Objectives. The aim is to elaborate methods and models to analyze and predict the development of high-tech products on the case of robotics and mobile devices. Methods. We offered methods of analyzing the dynamics of technical indicators, developed models of price dependence on absolute and relative technical indicators by generation. For certain types of high-tech products, we constructed price models for various stages of life cycle (initial stage, stages of growth, maturity and saturation), proposed models to identify the impact of socio-economic factors and to assess possible risks of using high-tech products. Results. The paper offers a methodology and tools to analyze and predict indicators of development and distribution of high-tech products, presents modifications of logistic models that help forecast changes in technical and economic indicators in the short term. We constructed econometric models that consider socio-economic factors and risks affecting the speed of distribution and the scale of use of high-tech products, using the case of industrial and service robotics, mobile devices. The study unveils positive correlation of price and complex indicator of technical complexity of the considered types of high-tech products. Conclusions. The paper demonstrates that the developed models and methods enable to forecast the dynamics of technical and economic indicators, distribution in the market, and to assess potential risks of usage.

A clean and efficient method for purifying crude selenium based on a selective leaching - directed decomposition purification process

The rare element selenium is a key material in supporting the development of high-tech and new products. This research has led to the development of a method of purifying crude selenium based on a selective leaching-directed decomposition purification process. The influence of factors such as the concentration of the leaching solution, leaching temperature, solid-liquid ratio, and leaching time on the leaching rate of Se were investigated in detail. The experimental results show that the optimal conditions for selective leaching of selenium were as follows: the concentration of leaching solution (solute: Na2SO3) was 260 g l−1, the stirring speed was 300 rpm, the ratio of liquid to solid was 0.10 g ml−1, the reaction temperature was 90 °C, the reaction time was 180 min, and the leaching rate of selenium on one run was >95%. The products of selenium after two runs meet the requirements of Se99.9 in YS/223–2007, the Chinese nonferrous metal industry standard. The direct yield of Se is greater than 90%, and precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum are enriched in the residue. No waste is produced during the whole purification process, and all products can be recycled. This study provides an efficient and environmentally friendly method for the purification of crude selenium, which has important industrial applications.

GREEN TREND OF STRUCTURAL CHANGES AND BUSINESS INITIATIVES FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY AT THE GLOBAL AND NATIONAL LEVELS

The article examines the content and features of the green economy. The principles of sustainable development and the formation of a green economy are analyzed. The scientific foundations of ensuring sustainable development and the green trend of structural changes are substantiated. Business initiatives related to the sustainable development of the economy at the global and national levels have been studied. The basic principles of the implementation of the green economy model in Ukraine have been formed. The goal of the green growth policy is to create added value with little loss to the environment, as well as conditions for innovation and investment capable of tapping into new sources of economic growth. The tool of the green economy is the implementation of reforms aimed at introducing the most effective principles, mechanisms and models of management of socio-economic processes in the countries of the world. At the same time, the practical implementation of the model of sustainable development, which provides an integral combination of economic efficiency, social justice, resource balance and eco-safety, should become an unconditional imperative of society. Sustainable development involves the synergy of three components – economic, social and environmental. The concept of the green economy is designed to ensure a more harmonious coordination between these components, primarily due to resource and energy efficiency, as well as the participation of the business sector. The identification and active implementation of Ukraine's innovative development priorities in the green format should contribute to strengthening the image of Ukraine at the global and European levels as a country with significant scientific and educational potential, capable of creating high-tech products. The success of Ukraine's innovation policy on the global market should be determined not only by the amount of investment it receives from outside, but also from internal sources for the development of high-tech production, the dynamics of the growth of the export share, and the increase in the interest of foreign companies and highly qualified specialists to cooperate with Ukrainian enterprises.