ORGANIZATIONAL FEATURES OF HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IN RURAL AREAS

Abstract

Introduction. Historically, the basis of the rural economy was agricultural production, and agricultural enterprises were responsible both for ensuring the employment of the rural population and for the development of social infrastructure. Radical reforms of the system of rural development, formed in the conditions of a centralized economy, focused on the privatization of land and property of farms of the corporate sector of the agrarian economy, led to the emergence of new business entities in rural areas that do not bear responsibility for their social development. Methods. During the research, general scientific and special methods of economic research were used, in particular: systemic approach − when studying the connections between phenomena and processes in the system of ensuring the reproduction of human capital in rural areas; comparative − to compare the socio-economic conditions of reproduction of human capital in rural areas; dialectical, abstract and logical − for theoretical generalizations and the formation of conclusions. The results. The proposed system of factors that determine the formation and development of human capital in the agricultural sector can be considered as basic, which can be supplemented and specified taking into account specialization and operating conditions. In the conditions of the formation of a market economy, one of the main principles of the accumulation and preservation of human capital in the agrarian sphere is the ability of the rural population to self-organize and self-governance of economic entities, as well as the effectiveness of market institutions, which give rise to the versatility of forms of ownership and the activation of competition. Along with this, the formation and functioning of human capital requires active improvement through the development and implementation of targeted and effective measures and mechanisms for its management. Discussion. In the post-war period of the revival of the agrarian economy, the problem of human capital with certain professional skills will arise in order to ensure the increase in the production of high-margin agricultural products. It is the development of high-tech agricultural production that will provide the financial basis for the development of the country's economy in the post-war period of its revival. At the same time, there will be a need to develop effective measures, first of all, at the state level for the formation of highly educated human capital in rural areas. In this aspect, it is important to form a system of educational institutions of all levels that would train highly qualified specialists for the agricultural sector of Ukraine and finance social infrastructure facilities that will ensure comfortable living conditions for residents of rural settlements. Keywords: human capital, rural areas, rural population, rural economy, reproduction.