Development Of Farming Research Articles

Chemical composition, energy content, and nutrient digestibility of rye grain in broiler chickens

The development of livestock farming is always associated with the search for new dietary components that increase feed efficiency or reduce feed costs. The maximum use of regional, conventional feed in the feeding of farm animals is quite relevant today. Furthermore, certain feeds, the production of which is accompanied by low greenhouse gas emissions, help reduce the carbon footprint of the diet as a whole. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional value of rye grain of the modern hybrid KWS Tayo and the digestibility of nutrients in poultry. The chemical composition of grain, digestibility of nutrients in broiler chickens, and total energy content were investigated. The chemical composition of feed, compound feed, and litter was determined according to the Wende method. Nutrient digestibility studies were conducted on broiler chickens of the ROSS-308 cross. For the physiological experiment, 5 chickens aged 22 days were selected. The experiment was carried out using a complex method, by replacing part of the basic diet. The experiment consisted of 2 parts. In the first experiment, the nutrient digestibility of the main diet was determined – compound feed containing 5% rye grain; in the second, the main diet with an additional 5% rye grain was used. The calculation was made on the assumption that the digestibility of nutrients in the main diet was the same in both experiments. The compound feed was balanced according to the recommendations of the cross developer. The energy content of rye grain was calculated in J of metabolisable energy by the regression equation, based on the data on the content of digestible protein, fat, fibre, and NFES determined in the physiological experiment. The average dry matter content of the rye samples was 87.4%. The content of the main nutrients in the grain of natural moisture was as follows: crude protein – 8.87±0.484%; crude fat – 1.63±0.105%; NFES – 73.95±0.494%, and crude ash – 0.53±0.109%. The nutrient digestibility of rye grain was as follows: crude protein – 76%; crude fat – 82%, crude fibre – 8%; NFES – 81% and organic matter – 78%. The total energy value of rye grain was 12.420±0.2573 MJ/kg of metabolic energy for poultry. Nutritionists can use the nutritional and nutrient digestibility data of rye grain to develop practical recipes for poultry compound feed

Assessment of Wind Energy Potential at Three Prime Locations in Saudi Arabia: Analysis of Sharma, Qurayyat and Sakaka Sites

Purpose: The research aims to assess the wind energy potential at three chosen sites in Saudi Arabia Sharma, Al Qurayyat, and Sakaka over a five-year period from 2019 to 2023. The main goal is to determine the most favorable locations for wind farm development based on wind speed characteristics, Weibull distribution parameters, and wind power density (WPD). Materials and Methods: The wind speed data for the chosen locations was obtained from NASA's wind website and analyzed using the Weibull distribution to determine the shape (k) and scale (c) parameters, which are indicative of wind speed distribution. Critical metrics such as mean wind speed, WPD, and the most probable wind speed were computed to evaluate the wind energy potential. The Vestas V150-4.2 MW turbine was utilized to estimate potential energy output, considering the variability and reliability of wind resources at the specified locations. The study utilized tables, figures, and wind rose diagrams to highlight important wind parameters like mean wind speed, Weibull parameters, WPD, and Vmax for each location. Flowcharts were also used to summarize the methodology and conclusions, ensuring a clear and comprehensive presentation of the data. Findings: The analysis showed that Qurayyat consistently had the highest mean wind speed and WPD, indicating excellent wind energy potential. Sharma and Sakaka also displayed significant wind resources, with high mean wind speeds and substantial WPD values. The Weibull parameters indicated that all three sites have favorable wind characteristics for energy production. The estimated energy output using the Vestas V150-4.2 MW turbine ranged from 12,809 to 17,807 MWh/yr at Site 18, 14,095 to 15,170 MWh/yr at Site 24, and 14,013 to 15,832 MWh/yr at Site 31. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study presents a thorough evaluation of the wind energy potential in the Al-Jawf and Tabuk regions of Saudi Arabia. It contributes to a deeper understanding of wind resource distribution and its significance for the development of renewable energy. The study provides valuable insights for wind farm developers and policymakers by identifying the most promising locations for investment in wind energy infrastructure. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for detailed site-specific analyses to optimize wind energy deployment, aligning with Saudi Arabia's broader renewable energy objectives.

E-Farming Portal Using Django

Abstract :- Traditional methods and middlemen’s exploitation throughout the crucial produce-selling period pose problems for India’s agriculture sector. E-farming and agromarketing come to light as revolutionary remedies to this problem. One essential component of agro marketing is e-farming, which uses digital platforms to empower farmers. Farmers are less vulnerable to changes in the market because they can now sell their goods across the country thanks to the removal of geographical restrictions. The goal of the article is to improve agricultural practices in India by implementing an E-farming platform using Django. By facilitating national product sales and lowering farmers’ susceptibility to market swings, e-farming makes use of digital channels to empower farmers. The suggested system combines Python Django with front-end tools (HTML, CSS, and Bootstrap) to provide back-end functionality. E-farming increases the revenue and decision-making capabilities of farmers by using SMS communication and real-time market data. Keywords– – Marketplace, online store, portal, Django, e-commerce, e-farming, farming, food, shopping, and web development.

Benefits of knowledge sharing by farmers to encourage implementation of robusta coffee production standard

Abstract Knowledge is a valuable asset in today’s digital age. Knowledge sharing is vital in building understanding, creating creative ideas, and developing innovations that greatly benefit. Agriculture is an essential sector of the world economy, including coffee. Coffee that is cultivated and processed according to quality standards will have high quality, good taste, and be more competitive both in national and international markets. On the other hand, the practice of robusta coffee production quality standards by farmers is still not as expected. Knowledge sharing by coffee farmers will expand the range of dissemination, knowledge, and enthusiasm in implementing quality standards. This study explores the benefits of knowledge sharing from a farmer’s perspective for implementing robust coffee production quality standards. This research method is qualitative (case study strategy) and NVivo12 Plus application for analysis. The research found that the benefits of knowledge sharing felt by farmers include benefits for personal lives, social lives, coffee standard operating procedure practices, and coffee farm development. This research will add new facts about knowledge sharing by farmers and increase understanding of the impact of knowledge sharing on implementing robusta coffee production quality standards.

Benchmarking engineering wake models for farm-to-farm interactions

Inter-farm wakes between offshore wind farms can cause a significant production loss at the downstream wind farm. We compare the power production at two wind farms that are separated by approximately 20 km to engineering model results provided by three different wind farm developers. Model inflow conditions were derived from the nacelle anemometry of the wake-creating wind farm and a mesoscale simulation. The comparison reveals that the model results show in general a good approximation of the wake losses, but underestimate the increase of losses in stable stability conditions. Here, specifically the measured wakes appear to be much wider than the modelled wakes.

Passive Mooring-based Turbine Repositioning Technique for Wake Steering in Floating Offshore Wind Farms

Power loss due to wake effects from upstream wind turbines is an important factor in the design of floating wind farms. These wake disturbances also increase fatigue loads on downstream units. Economic-driven wind farm layout optimization may culminate in non-standard, irregular configurations of offshore wind farms that deviate from conventional engineering practices. Consequently, wind farm developers are inclined towards a more geometrically coherent layout that are sub-optimal. Floating wind turbines horizontal offsets can be used to overcome wake losses. In this study, a novel method suggesting various mooring orientation methods to passively reposition the wind turbines in the farm to maximize annual energy yield. Preliminary parametric optimization demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method for standard floating wind farm designs to reduce wake effects by as much as 30% at rated wind speed compared to a baseline case, while preserving the farm’s overall uniformity.

Floating wind farm design using social and environmental constraints

This work proposes a wind farm design methodology, integrating several design variables from different design aspects into an optimization problem, such as turbine power, number of turbines, cable types, wind farm layout and site location. A mixed integer genetic algorithm is employed to combine discrete and continuous design variables to find the design with minimum Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE). The wind farm LCoE is calculated using a wind farm model, which combines detailed cost functions for different cost elements and engineering wake models to estimate Annual Energy Production. The design is constrained not only by technical aspects such as total power, farm area, but also by environmental and social constraints. These include the wind farm visibility, which is a popular concern among the people living along the coast of nearby wind farms, and availability, implying the compliance with the designated exclusion zones. To demonstrate the sensitivity of design constraints, two floating wind farms are sited and optimized as a case study, using different visibility constraints. The developed design tool within this study aims to bridge the gap between wind farm developers and local authorities who are responsible for permitting and zoning of development areas.

Training on Increasing and Developing the Quantity of Sheep in Improving the Economic Welfare of Farmers in Jenggawah Village

Jenggawah Village has extensive agricultural land and plantations, especially rice, corn and coffee crops whose waste has not been utilized. The potential of Jenggawah Village, Jember Regency is very potential for development in the agricultural sector. Innovations for utilizing agricultural waste can be used to process agricultural waste as animal feed and livestock waste to be used as organic fertilizer, which is a superior environmentally friendly product that has great potential and can improve the economy of farmers from product sales. The objectives of this service activity are: 1) providing assistance from educational related agencies in optimizing the increase and development of the quantity of sheep livestock, 2) conducting training and management of sheep farming business development, 3) creating product innovations using rice straw biotechnology to improve the nutritional quality of sheep feed. The target of this service program is: together with the Jenggawah village government, we can empower farmers and breeders in fermented straw processing so that they can realize the independence and welfare of breeders in reducing feed production costs, so that they can reduce feed production costs and increase breeder profits by utilizing feed biotechnology innovations. ruminant livestock. The conclusion of this service activity is: increasing sheep production can be increased by utilizing biotechnological innovations in animal feed from rice straw waste fermentation, and can minimize feed costs, so that this opportunity can increase the income and welfare of farmers

Soybean Farming Development Strategy To Sustainally Increase Farmers' Capacity In Serang District

Soybean Farming Development Strategy To Sustainally Increase Farmers' Capacity In Serang District

ANALISIS PERAN MODAL SOSIAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS SAYURAN DATARAN TINGGI DI KABUPATEN GOWA

This research aims to analyze the role of social capital inupland vegetable farming development in Gowa Regency. Social capital isdefined as a set of values, norms, beliefs, and relationships that exist withina community that can help them achieve common goals. The researchmethod used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Datacollection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, andFocus Group Discussions (FGD) with upland vegetable farmers, farmergroups, and related institutions. The research results show that socialcapital plays an important role in the development of upland vegetablefarming in Gowa Regency. Strong social capital can encourage cooperationand coordination between farmers, farmer groups, and related institutionsin various aspects, such as providing infrastructure, training and extension,and marketing of agricultural products. Social capital can also encouragea spirit of mutual help and cooperation among community members inbuilding infrastructure, overcoming plant pests and diseases, and helpingfarmers who are experiencing difficulties. Trust and honesty that are builtwithin a community with strong social capital can also help to facilitatesales transactions, form savings and loan groups, and maintainenvironmental sustainability.

FOOD SECURITY OF CHERNIHIV REGION: ESSENCE, STRUCTURE, ASSESSMENT

The essence of the concept of «food security» is studied. Theoretical and practical approaches to ensuring food security are studied. The general situation of food security of Ukraine is considered, the structure and features of its provision are determined. The general state and main aspects of the problems of food security of the Chernihiv region are disclosed and the main directions of its formation are determined. The main orientation of the regional organization of production and improvement of the living standard of the population is proposed, taking into account economic, socio-demographic and natural-climatic factors. It is determined that the theoretical features and regional structure of the agricultural sector of both Ukraine as a whole and Chernihiv region continue to be formed under the influence of the economic situation in the country. A diagnostic assessment of food security in the Chernihiv region was carried out. An analysis of the indicators of sufficiency of consumption of products of different groups in 2023 in the Chernihiv region is carried out. In particular, attention is paid to the main indicators that indicate the level of food security in the region. Scientific approaches to the development of a mechanism for ensuring food security by supporting domestic production have been expanded, namely, the introduction and support of organic production. According to statistics, in 2022, the area of land certified as organic or in transition in our region amounted to 3045.8 hectares, which is 12% less than in 2021 (0.22% of all arable land in the region). Producers of organic products grew 2502.7 tons of grain crops, including rye, oats, tritical, mustard, barley, buckwheat, etc. It is proved that organic production is one of the main directions of development of food security in the Chernihiv region. In particular, the priority strategy for sustainable development of the Chernihiv region for the period up to 2027 is the development of organic farming and the production of environmentally friendly food, one of the directions is the start of specialization of the Chernihiv region.

Nature-Inspired Wind Farm Layout Optimization: Harnessing Smart Patterns for Sustainable Energy

This research investigates the transformative realm of wind farm layout optimization, with a specific focus on harnessing the efficiency of bio-inspired patterns. The positioning of wind turbine is play a vital role in the maximizing the energy output of a wind farm. If a wind turbine is placed in the wake region of the upstream turbine, the energy produced by the downstream turbine is reduced. Hence, it is imperative to place turbines in such a way that effect of the wake is minimum on a performance of turbines. The conventional grid-based approaches, commonly employed in wind farm layouts, face limitations in capturing the inherent complexity of wind flow dynamics, especially in varied terrains. In contrast, bio-inspired layouts, inspired by patterns observed in natural ecosystem, offer the promising results over the conventional Grid based approach. Our investigation involves the development and implementation of a novel bio-inspired wind farm layout positioning pattern. In the proposed approach, various nature inspired pattern like honeycomb and sunflower seeds pattern is explored for the turbine positioning. Further, the modeling of wind behavior includes both uniform wind speeds and variable wind speeds originating from all directions. The modified passing vehicle search (mPVS) optimization algorithm is used for optimizing the wind turbine placement. The results are obtained for the different wind scenario and compare it with the available results in the literature. The anticipated outcomes of this research include a deeper understanding of the potential benefits and challenges associated with bio-inspired wind farm layouts. The findings aim to contribute valuable insights into optimizing wind turbine placements, maximizing energy capture, and fostering sustainable practices in the wind energy sector. Results shows that the turbine positioning in the proposed bio-inspired pattern produce the higher power output (6%) compared to the conventional grid based approach. Hence, it can be concluded that the approach present in this study can assist wind farm designers and developers in optimally placing turbines for better performance.

Unveiling Future Offshore Wind Potential: A Multi-Criteria Framework for Sustainable Development

Climate change poses a critical threat to the environment and human societies, prompting a shift towards clean energy sources. Among these sources, offshore wind energy emerged as a promising alternative, due to its consistent and strong wind resource availability, coupled with matured technology. However, offshore wind energy being susceptible to the climate change, the efficiency, reliability, and financial viability of the offshore wind farms is location specific. Therefore, the present study introduces a novel framework for identifying suitable regions for offshore wind farm development by considering future projections under the various Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. A weighted multi-model ensemble (MMEwt) created using nine Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models was considered for the analysis. The suitability of a location is evaluated considering richness, stability of the resource, risk, and economic factors. CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) multi-criteria technique is used to evaluate the prominence of each factor Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique is used to determine the suitability of each grid within the study area and their hierarchy. Findings of this study showed that the north-western and southern regions within the study area are relatively plausible compared to other regions. The proposed methodology built on the theoretical framework of multi-criteria techniques can be extended to other regions and determine the suitability map of plausible wind regions over the specified area for future time periods.

Implementation Of Food Security Policy In DKI Jakarta Province (A Case Study Of PT. Food Station Tjipinang Jaya)

Food security is a strategic issue for densely populated areas like the Province of DKI Jakarta, which has limited agricultural land. This research aims to analyze the implementation of food security policies in DKI Jakarta, focusing on a case study of PT Food Station Tjipinang Jaya (FSJT) as the policy implementer. The study employs a qualitative approach using literature review methods, with data collected from various written sources such as regional regulations, official reports, scientific publications, and related websites. Through content analysis and data source triangulation, this research identifies FSJT's success in maintaining food availability, improving food access, strengthening the distribution system, and supporting local farmers. However, the implementation of the policy also faces challenges such as land limitations, food price fluctuations, changing dietary patterns, and program sustainability. Supporting data shows FSJT's contribution to the reduction of the poverty rate in DKI Jakarta from 11.5% (2021) to 10.56% (2022), as well as the distribution of 1.2 million tons of rice in 2022. Surveys also noted that 82% of the public were satisfied with FSJT's performance in maintaining food availability. To enhance food security in the future, recommendations include the development of vertical farming, strengthening community food resilience, nutritional education campaigns, and diversification of food sources. Ongoing efforts through these measures are essential to ensure the effective implementation of food security policies and the sustainability of development in the Province of DKI Jakarta.

Theoretical aspects of innovative technologies in pig production

In the context of the globalization of the economy, the development of pig breeding enterprises is possible based on the highly efcient production of livestock products. A constraining factor for development is the lack of innovative technologies in most enterprises and the insignifcant impact of the introduction of innovative activities on improving production efciency. There is an important need to implement innovative transformations that would improve the economic performance of pig breeding enterprises, saturate the market with domestically produced products, and satisfy the social demand for cheap pork. The innovative model of pig production development ensures the competitiveness of enterprises in the industry, increases the level of food security of the state, and helps to solve problems related to environmental pollution and uncontrolled use of various additives in pork production. These issues necessitate substantiation of approaches to innovative development of enterprises in the pig industry and improvement of their efciency. The experience of domestic enterprises and foreign pork producers shows that in times of economic instability, it is important to be prepared for changes in the meat market. Such readiness is ensured by the planning and implementation of innovative approaches to the pig industry at enterprises. The innovative activity of enterprises in modern conditions should be aimed at social and economic satisfaction of the population's needs and environmental safety. The article focuses on theoretical and methodological aspects of the innovative development of the pig industry. The issues of modern technologies, innovations, and innovative activity are highlighted, and the defnition of "innovative development of enterprise" is analyzed. The article analyses the direction of development of competitive pig farms, taking into account the level of technological development of production and changes in the market share of enterprises. A special approach to the formation of the development of pig enterprises based on the transition to an innovative model of ensuring their competitiveness and modernisation of production according to the criteria that meet the capital replenishment, satisfaction of market demand for pork, and a slight negative environmental impact on the environment is noted. Key words: innovations, innovative activity, innovative development of pig breeding enterprises, economic indicators, innovative approaches, pork market, food security, environmental pollution, environmental safety.

Dual-layer optimization planning for offshore wind farms considering power system security

The vigorous development of offshore wind farms (OWFs) has further promoted the utilization of wind energy. Owing to the demand for low-carbon environmental protection, the increase in the scale of OWF constructions has also had a significant impact on the power system, which cannot be ignored. Specifically, the uncertainty and volatility of wind-power generation should be considered in power system optimization planning schemes. Therefore, this study proposes a probabilistic power-flow analysis index construction method that employs the static-security region theory to optimize the OWFs–grid-connection topology, including the number, location, and capacity of the public connection points connected to the onshore power grid. This method can be used to calculate the probability indicators of power grid insecurity for OWFs–grid-connected systems with different network topologies. Furthermore, a dual-layer multi-objective programming model that considers the economics and stability for integrated planning of electrical collector and multiterminal direct current transmission systems is established. The proposed model comprises two inner-layer models and one outer-layer model. The inner-layer models are used to construct the collection and transmission topologies of the OWFs–grid-connected system that minimize the probability of grid insecurity and the planning cost of the outer-layer model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed OWFs planning model was verified using an improved IEEE 24-bus system that can be used for topology planning of electrical collector and transmission systems while ensuring grid stability.

On the Durability Performance of Two Adhesives to Be Used in Bonded Secondary Structures for Offshore Wind Installations.

The development of offshore wind farms requires robust bonding solutions that can withstand harsh marine conditions for the easy integration of secondary structures. This paper investigates the durability performance of two adhesives: Sikadur 30 epoxy resin and Loctite UK 1351 B25 urethane-based adhesive for use in offshore wind environments. Tensile tests on adhesive samples and accelerated aging tests were carried out under a variety of temperatures and environmental conditions, including both dry and wet conditions. The long-term effects of aging on adhesive integrity are investigated by simulating the operational life of offshore installations. The evolution of mechanical properties, studied under accelerated aging conditions, provides an important indication of the longevity of structures under normal conditions. The results show significant differences in performance between the two adhesives, highlighting their suitability for specific operating parameters. It should also be noted that for both adhesives, their exposure to different environments (seawater, distilled water, humid climate) over a prolonged period showed that (i) Loctite adhesive has a slightly faster initial uptake than Sikadur adhesive, but the latter reaches an asymptotic plateau with a lower maximum absorption rate than Loctite adhesive; and (ii) a progressive deterioration in the tensile properties occurred following an exponential function. Therefore, aging behavior results showed a clear correlation with the Arrhenius law, providing a predictive tool for the aging process and the aging process of the two adhesives followed Arrhenius kinetics. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this study is intended to inform best practice in the use of adhesives, thereby improving the reliability and sustainability of the offshore renewable energy infrastructure.

Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts

Achieving a blue economy will require reconciling the value of emerging ocean uses with their impacts on the seascape and sectors with historical access to marine resources and areas. To meet this challenge, we developed an analytical framework for conducting marine spatial planning through tradeoff analysis, and applied it to prospective offshore wind energy development in the ∼974 km2 Morro Bay, California, USA Wind Energy Area (WEA). We generated spatial data layers estimating MW power production and impacts on fisheries value and marine wildlife conservation (seabird and cetacean populations) from wind farm development. We then quantified each sector's response to plans of development across the WEA and inside three leases recently acquired by the energy industry for prospective development. Finally, we integrated the sector response data into an analytical framework for mitigating sector tradeoffs with novel spatial planning solutions (maps of wind farm size, location, and configuration) that optimally maximize value to the emergent energy sector (MW power) while minimizing impacts to historical (fisheries and wildlife) sectors. We found that western sites in the WEA had the highest potential power production concurrent with the lowest impact on the historical sectors, revealing the eastern lease to be less efficient at optimally balancing the sector's objectives relative to the development of the central or western leases or the optimal spatial plans identified in the tradeoff analysis. Within a lease, tradeoff analysis found spatial planning able to generate out-sized savings in fisheries value with only modest losses in MW power – for example, by avoiding development in just 5% of the eastern lease to preserve nearly half its fisheries value and still generate 95% its total power potential. Small-scale development opportunities (e.g., a pilot project) with significant power potential and no fisheries impact were also identified, in this case by placing turbines in an area in the western lease with no fisheries value and high power production potential. These plans would also have a relatively low impact on the wildlife conservation sectors, due to decreases in vulnerability levels of both seabird and cetacean populations to turbines going from east to west across the WEA. Our results can inform site evaluation and permitting processes for wind energy development in the Morro Bay WEA. We also expect the tradeoff analysis framework we developed to provide a simple and actionable analytical tool for supporting marine spatial planning of offshore wind energy and other emerging blue economy activities from a balanced perspective that values emerging uses of marine resources alongside existing socio-economic and conservation interests.

The significance of organic farming in the European Union from the perspective of sustainable development

This study aimed to evaluate the status of organic farming in the member states of the European Union, drawing on its potential and selected elements of the organic agri-food products market. To this end, we used several partial indicators and a synthetic measure, which allowed us to create a ranking of the member states depending on the development level of organic farming. The survey showed a 50% increase in the utilised agricultural area allocated for organic farming in the EU from 2015 to 2021 and a 69% increase from 2012 to 2021. So far, the only member state to meet the target set by the Green Deal, that is, 25% of organic UAA, has been Austria. Considering the synthetic index, Portugal is a leader of organic farming development. In addition, differences exist between EU member states in consumers’ expenditure on organic products.

Ecological–Economical and Ethno-Cultural Determinants of the Development of Organic Farming in Kazakhstan

Ecological–Economical and Ethno-Cultural Determinants of the Development of Organic Farming in Kazakhstan