E-learning Development Research Articles

A new model for analyzing the role of new ICT-based technologies on the success of employees' learning programs

PurposeThe concept of e-learning is essential in employee education since it provides different ways to develop employees' knowledge, skills and attitudes using modern technologies. E-learning has been overgrowing in employee education because learning can be held anytime and anywhere. In order to succeed in implementing e-learning and benefiting from its capacities, and avoiding potential threats in the country, it is necessary to address the factors affecting its success. This paper aims to test the role of internet of Things (IoT)-based systems, cloud-based services, virtual classes, evaluation tools, attitude, content management and creativity on the success of employees' e-learning programs based on a framework.Design/methodology/approachE-learning systems receive ever-increasing attention in academia, business and public administration. With the development of e-learning, employee education has also benefited from its capacities in various fields. To succeed in implementing e-learning and benefiting from its capacities, and avoiding potential threats in the country, it is necessary to address its success. The proposing of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)-based technologies such as the IoT, cloud, etc., in e-learning, can help transform education. Therefore, this paper aims to test the role of IoT-based systems, cloud-based services, virtual classes, evaluation tools, attitude, content management and creativity on the success of employees' e-learning programs based on a framework. The research model and the data collected from the questionnaires have been analyzed via Smart PLS 3.2. This study has utilized the SEM to evaluate the causal model's reliability and validity based on measurement. According to the literature in this study, a framework has been proposed that examines the impact of IoT-based systems, cloud-based services, virtual classes, evaluation tools, attitude, content management and creativity on employees' learning programs' success.FindingsThe results have shown that IoT-based systems, cloud-based services, virtual classes and evaluation tools are four significant factors affecting attitude, content management and creativity. The results have also shown that attitude, content management and creativity are three significant factors affecting employees' learning programs' success. The factors above are considered critical in explaining the success of employees' e-learning programs, but, as far as we know, there has been no study in which all these factors were demonstrated together.Practical implicationsFrom a practical viewpoint, the statistical outcomes support the important role of the following factors: IoT-based systems, cloud-based services, virtual classes, evaluation tools, attitude, content management and creativity. Henceforth, aspects relating to these factors got the attention of any organization to develop e-learning processes.Originality/valueThis research will contribute to the literature related to employees' e-learning programs' success by integrating all the mentioned variables. As far as we know, it is the first study to test these variables in Iran.

Quality Assurance of Online and Distance Learning Education for SAARC Region during Covid-19 Situation

The outbreak of second wave of COVID-19 pandemic has again halted routine life of normal citizen across the globe. The nature always support the change for better future and covid-19 has provide chance to change challenges into opportunities. This study is sought to examine post Covid-19 effects on ICT infrastructure for e-learning education and its quality assurance mechanism in SAARC countries. This research is descriptive in nature and use comparative analysis of numerous challenges faced by SAARC member countries for implementation of E-learning. Challenges and limitation are also brush-up for further refinement in future in these areas. Future researchers may conduct survey techniques in explanatory research on implementation of ICT infrastructure of SAARC region countries. SAARC member countries may take lead from this study to address challenges and their solutions for development and implementation of E-learning.

Development of Learning by E-Learning System: A Case of Mahamakut Buddhist University, Mahavajiralongkorn Rajaviyalaya Campus

This research aimed to develop learning by e-learning system in Mahamakut Buddhist University, Mahavajiralongkorn Rajaviyalaya Campus. The method used in this study was Participatory Action Research that consisted of two cycles of planning, practice, observation, and reflection during two semesters in the academic year 2020. Twenty-one teachers and forty students were voluntarily involved with the desired development and participated in this research. The three expectations from the development outcomes were: 1) the improvement under the identified indicators, 2) the researcher, the research participants, and the campus learned from practice, and 3) knowledge gained from practice will benefit continuous improvement in the future. The research findings illustrated three following aspects. Firstly, in both Cycles 1 and 2, the means of post-practice evaluations were higher than the means of pre-practice evaluations in the following programs; e-learning system development, meditation practice learning development, and teacher's skill enhancement for creating online media. Secondly, the researcher, the research participants, and the campus learned the following common aspects: an awareness of the importance of participation, being an all-the-time learner, and transcribing lessons from practice which was previously often neglected. Finally, the knowledge gained correlates with Kurt Lewin's Force-Field Analysis which consists of the following concepts: 1) Expected change, 2) Driving factors for change, 3) Resistance to change and 4) Overcoming resistance. Each component defines a set of thoughts and beliefs that Mahamakut Buddhist University, Mahavajiralongkorn Rajaviyalaya Campus, will implement as a basis for reviewing and strengthening an additional set of ideas and beliefs.

Improving Academic Performance Through Blended Learning: The Case of Afghan Higher Education

The last two decades have witnessed a global revolution in educational information that has led to the development and promotion of e-learning. Blended Learning (BL) is an increasingly growing e-learning model with a background in pedagogical and psychological theory that combines both online and traditional activities. In recent years, it has been an emerging trend and has impacted the growth, revenue, learner retention, and academic accreditation in higher education. With current improvements, extensive research, and successful implementation of blended and fully online learning, little research has been done to report the success of transitioning from face-to-face to blended learning or evaluations of e-learning data regarding learners from developing nations, particularly Afghanistan. This study aims to investigate and analyze the effectiveness of educational types (blended vs. traditional) regarding learners’ academic performance, in-class engagement, and satisfaction from the data in six BL courses and four traditional learning (TL) courses. To measure the success, this study used descriptive statistics. Additionally, Welch’s t-test was used to compare BL with TL courses and assess the differences between success and failure levels for both courses. Likewise, the Pearson correlation coefficient, along with an ordinary least square regression, was used to indicate the relationship between the final score and the BL and TL activities, respectively. The study outcome will be used for reporting and feedback for educational parties to value the quality of teaching and learning, enhance learners’ performances, and for the institutionalization of BL in the country.

Forming an e-learning Proposed Model. A Case Study of Palestine

Abstract Nowadays, e-learning systems play an important role in our life; they help instructors in the process of teaching and help the students and learners to access knowledge. e-learning is the concept that refers to the use of computerized and smart tools and designed systems in the learning process. Also, the interest in e-learning has started to increase dramatically, and researchers everywhere have become more interested in how to develop e-learning in all aspects. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present a model that includes the most important necessary variables required to provide and implement e-learning systems according to international standards for the students of Palestinian universities. This study undertook an in-depth review of literature concerning the success of e-learning implementation and focusing on the aspects of technology, infrastructure, scientific materials and services provided. The proposed model in this study will be the first building block that universities can focus on in designing, building and developing their own e-learning system and will be a cornerstone and the basis in the development of e-learning in Palestine over time.

Editorial introductions.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery was launched in 1993. It is one of a successful series of review journals whose unique format is designed to provide a systematic and critical assessment of the literature as presented in the many primary journals. The fields of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery are divided into 11 sections that are reviewed once a year. Each section is assigned a Section Editor, a leading authority in the area, who identifies the most important topics at that time. Here we are pleased to introduce the Journal's Section Editors for this issue. SECTION EDITORS Jo PattersonJo PattersonDr Jo Patterson is a Professor of Speech and Language Therapist and Associate Head of Research at the University of Liverpool and The Liverpool Head and Neck Centre. Her research portfolio includes proof of concept work, cohort studies, feasibility studies, multi-centre randomized control trials and the development and evaluation of complex interventions. She is committed to involving patients and keeping them central to research and service development. In 2016, she received a Royal College of Speech and Language Therapy Fellowship in recognition of her contribution towards the advancement of the profession, both as an academic and a practicing Speech and Language Therapist. As their specialist advisor, she represents the organisation on a number of committees and councils, contributing towards policy and strategic direction. She has extensively developed research capacity for Speech and Language Therapists nationally through grant and fellowship applications and provision of MSc and PhD supervision, teaching and mentorship. She continues to balance her time between clinical and academic practice. H. Fiona RobinsonH. Fiona RobinsonMiss H. Fiona Robinson is an Advanced Practitioner Speech and Language Therapist. She qualified as a Speech Therapist from Birmingham Polytechnic, UK in 1980, and in 2004, she was awarded Master of Science (Merit) (Advanced practice – Voice) from the University of Newcastle, UK, with a study into the efficacy of voice therapy for vocal fold paralysis. In 2006, in recognition of her contribution to the speech and language therapy profession in the UK, Miss Robinson was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (RCSLT), UK. She has completed a post-graduate certificate in Medical Education at the University of Nottingham, UK with a particular interest in the development of E-learning. Her clinical interests include the diagnosis and rehabilitation of speech and swallowing disorders related to head and neck cancer, including surgical voice restoration, and the management of dysphonia. Currently she is working within the National Health Service (NHS) as an Advanced SLT Practitioner at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, and is co-Director of SVS Associates, a company which runs skills training for speech and language therapists. Fiona is a founder member and past-Chair of the National Clinical Expert Network (RCSLT) in head and neck oncology. As a RCSLT Clinical Adviser she contributes widely to the SLT profession in the UK in the development of national policies. Johannes J. FaganJohannes J. FaganDr Johannes J. Fagan is Professor and Chairman of Otorhinolaryngology at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. He has authored 200 peer reviewed articles and book chapters. A major interest has been to advance head and neck surgery in Africa and the Developing World. To this end he self-publishes two free open access textbooks, “The Open Access Atlas of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Operative Surgery” and the “Open Access Guide to Audiology and Hearing Aids”.

ЕЛЕКТРОННЕ НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ВЕДУЧИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ

The evolution of E-learning has been investigated in this article. In all historical epochs, education played an important role in a society. In the conditions of dynamic and ambitious socio-economic transformation of Ukrainian society education becomes the object of new growing requirements of the individual, society and state. These requirements are a major factor of the driving force behind the development of the education system. In this article we outlined new challenges to the qualification of the working force in information society and E-learning, among which are: the need for dynamic adaptation to rapidly changing knowledge and technologies, the acquisition of new skills. The last two decades have been marked by a significant increase in the emphasis on teaching on the basis of information and computer technology. A withdrawal from traditional training was based on the rapid development of the Internet and Covid-19 pandemic. The use of information and communication technologies in education makes it possible to increase its efficiency and accessibility. In addition, some aspects of the implementation of E-learning in the university have been reviwed. Many universities are actively developing a range of technologies, including mixed learning, with the aim of implementing E-learning at the university. Main features of E-learning, as a method for increasing motivation and self-study skills and as a way to improve an access to education, were investigated in the article. It is pointed out that in the structure of E-learning in educational establishments it is necessary to have such elements as: 1) E-learning system environment with the necessary means for communication of participants of E-learning; 2) electronic database of educational material; 3) virtual laboratory; 4) E-learning participants (teachers, students) and technicians (programmers, system administrators, web designers, animators). E-Learning supports self-directed types of learning. High motivation and self-study skills are prerequisites and must be complemented by an appropriately structured didactic learning environment. Self-organization and self-responsibility are important skills within flexible working and learning cultures. An important condition for E-learning: in the E- learning system can learn only highly motivated, focused and organized persons.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON BORDER GUARDS TRAINING IN LATVIA, LITHUANIA, ESTONIA AND FINLAND.

Due to Covid-19 the use of educational technologies, efficient and meaningful implementation of digital learning possibilities have become particularly important topics in order to develop border guards training. Issues related to training online, communication via several platforms, possibilities do develop interactive training content, need to use the potential of e-learning opportunities have become routine topics of discussion and ongoing research. Trainers of border guard training institutions have to tackle unexpected, unexplored, challenges and tasks related to border guards training due to Covid-19. Digital competence is particularly important to implement efficient online communication environment. To find out training and learning outcomes and define further necessities of e-learning development during emergency situations the authors of this research explore the scientific literature on the current research results, methodologies, approaches and best practices on developing e-learning systems in educational contexts during Covid-19. Survey results on attitudes, experiences and suggestions of border guards’ trainers in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Finland have been analysed to put forward suggestions for further border guard training development particularly in e-learning context during emergency situations.

E‐learning cultural competence for public health workers: A feasibility and pilot study

To describe the development, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of a seven-module e-learning for enhancing cultural competence of public health workers. The study was based on the framework of the new Medical Research Council; a mixed methods design was used. A four-week pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted with 39 public health workers and 74 migrants in South Korea. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy were assessed according to initiation, retention, adherence, usability, acceptability, individual and organizational cultural competence, and migrant trust and satisfaction. Quantitative data were collected at baseline, 4weeks, and 12weeks. Focus group interviews were conducted with eight public health workers at 12weeks. Initiation, retention, and adherence rates were high. Participants agreed on acceptability, but exhibited mixed results on usability. Participants were satisfied with "well-structured content," "authentic case stories and videos," "increased interest in migrant care," and "opportunity for self-reflection." However, "flawless and trouble-free system," "screen design for easy navigation," "instructor's expertise," and "more situational cases and videos" were desired. Statistically significant differences were observed for individual cultural competence, migrant trust, and satisfaction. Generally, the intervention seems feasible and has preliminary efficacy, yet usability improvement is necessary for full-scale randomized controlled trials.

E-readiness Measurement in the Virtual Application Learning

Indonesia in the early 2020s was being rocked by the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) which hit almost all parts of the world. Indonesia spontaneously implements a policy of learning from home (SFH) and working from home (WFH). Higher education during the WFH period needs to strengthen online learning. Universitas Negeri Surabaya has had e-learning developed using Moodle LMS and has been used as a form of learning called Vilearning Unesa (Vinesa). The research aims to measure the implementation readiness of Vinesa. This measurement needs to be done as an effort to support the successful development of e-learning. To know which factors are still weak and require improvement and which factors have been considered successful or strong in supporting the implementation of Vinesa. There are eight indicators used to measure the readiness of e-learning, namely the psychological readiness, sociological readiness, environmental readiness, human resource readiness, financial readiness, technological skill readiness, equipment readiness, and content readiness. However, this research focuses on one indicator that is directly related to students, namely content readiness. The research method used is qualitative research methods. The study began with a literature study on e-learning readiness. Then an indicator is set to be reduced to the items in the questionnaire. The object of research is students of Informatics in Universitas Negeri Surabaya.

The Implementation of Massive Open Online courses into Educational Processes at Russian Universities

Interest in massive open online courses (MOOCs) as a new resource for distance learning is due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies within the framework of education. The 2000s precipitated the development of e-learning in the direction of open learning opportunities which resulted in the phenomenon known as MOOCs. MOOCs are now a widespread and accepted means of higher education which implies interactive online learning. Therefore, it is relevant to define the most appropriate form of MOOC integration, to study the contemporary experiences of MOOC implementation into higher education along with analysing the experience of using online courses within the context of face-to-face classes. This study observes the development of MOOCs by using comparative analysis and literature examination to reveal some accepted blended learning models for higher education. This paper also attempts to show possible challenges and outcomes of MOOC integration into a face-to-face class. The findings are dedicated to effective use of massive open online courses in universities in Russia.

Development of Moodle-Based E-Learning in Basic Graphics Design Courses

This study aims to determine the development and feasibility of moodle-based e-learning in the basic subjects of graphic design class X Multimedia at SMK PGRI 2 Sidoarjo. This research was conducted at SMK PGRI 2 Sidoarjo with research subjects in class X Multimedia who received Basic Graphic Design subjects. In this study, the research method used was R&D (Research and Development) using a 4-D model consisting of 4 stages, namely: (1) Define; (2) Design; (3) Develop; (4) Disseminate. However, this study only applies three stages, namely the Define, Design and Develop stages, while the Disseminate stage is not carried out due to limited research time and the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak. Moodle-based e-learning has met the validity criteria by obtaining an average score from all aspects of the assessment, the media expert validator is 80% who are in the fit for use category with revisions, and 83% material expert validator is in the feasible category without any revisions so that based on the assessment of experts is appropriate and suitable for use as a learning medium in Basic Graphic Design subjects.

Challenges and opportunities from the COVID-19 pandemic in medical education: a qualitative study

IntroductionSince the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many higher education and health centers have faced challenges. Educational leaders have tried to manage the new situation, but the human infrastructure was not ready for such an event. This study aims to explain the challenges and opportunities of the COVID-19 pandemic for medical education.MethodThis qualitative study used conventional content analysis to collect data from face-to-face and semi-structured interviews. The interviews continued until data saturation was reached. The participants were 12 students and 14 faculty members at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. To ensure data rigor, we used member checks, peer checks and an external observer.ResultsThree main categories and 15 subcategories were extracted. The findings showed that four subcategories, e.g. perception on feasibility of e-learning, standardizing of e-learning, dedicated teaching, and networking and interdisciplinary collaborations, affected the development of medical e-learning. The main opportunities from the COVID-19 pandemic for medical education were classified into five subcategories: attitudes to e-learning and adaptability, preventing students’ separation from the educational environment, documentation and monitoring education, take control of own learning, and increasing perceived usefulness. The main challenges were divided into four subcategories, e.g. noncompliance with virtual classroom etiquette, inadequate interactions, time limitations, and infrastructure defects and problems. Finally, participants believed that methods of evaluation in e-learning were more suitable for diagnosis and formative evaluations. Generally, two subcategories were extracted, e.g. formative and summative.ConclusionMedical schools have necessarily moved towards e-learning to compensate for the interruption in classroom education, such that traditional classes have been replaced with e-learning. These rapid, extensive changes in teaching and learning approaches have consequences for medical schools.

Development of E-Learning, Mobile Apps, Character Building, and Outdoor Study (EMCO Learning Model) to Improve Geography Outcomes in the 21st Century

This development study aims to 1) create a learning model that fuses e-learning, a mobile app, character building, and outdoor study and 2) determine the effectiveness of the EMCO learning model on student learning outcomes. This study uses a research and development design with the model of Dick and Carey. A product feasibility test is performed by the learning, media, and materials expert validators, and the product’s effectiveness is tested by students. The data analysis includes descriptive statistics to determine the product feasibility and an independent sample t-test to determine the effectiveness of the learning model. The results of the expert validation show that the EMCO model is in the very good category and does not need revision. The EMCO model has a learning syntax with four phases: LKPD (student worksheet), assessment instrument, learning media, and teaching materials. Results indicate that the EMCO learning model is effective in improving geography learning outcomes. The model has the advantages of 1) effective and innovative material delivery; 2) easy-to-use navigation keys to access the material; 3) attractive design; 4) availability of CBT (computer-based test); and 5) online learning media that can be accessed anytime, anywhere, and under any conditions. The research has a positive impact on students and is able to transform them into 21<sup>st</sup>-century learning agents.

DESIGNING E-LEARNING IN MEDICAL EDUCATION: TOWARD A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL

This study was conducted to present a comprehensive model for designing e-learning in Medical education. This qualitative study was performed in three stages. First, we used the “critical review” approach proposed by CarnWell to synthesize a conceptual model from studies that employ e-learning in Medical education. In the second stage, using Bereday’s comparative method, 30 renowned virtual universities were evaluated. Finally, after aggregating and summarizing the results of the previous stages, the model was presented. The results of the study showed that designing e-learning in medical education requires making plans on national and international levels. Moreover, for qualitative and quantitative improvement of e-learning, global progress, achievements, and standards should be monitored continuously, and strategic, tactical, and executive aspects should be rigorously addressed. This comprehensive model for the design and development of e-learning in medical education is identified as an area requiring further research.

Amalan Terbaik dalam Rekabentuk Aplikasi M-Pembelajaran

E-learning applications or online learning is a very broad topic. This article discusses best practices in designing online learning to provide the best learning experience to students. Recently too many e-learning applications have been produced to help the learning process to be easily accessible anytime and anywhere. Students are so excited because access to learning materials is no longer limited to printed materials. The results of studies on the effectiveness of online learning show inconsistent findings. This is because most of the applications developed do not emphasize effective design. If applications are developed without considering the design principles of an effective e-learning application, it is impossible to provide a meaningful learning experience to students. So, these best practices have been gathered through analytical documents from books, journal articles and successful e-learning developers to help designers and developers of e-learning applications to produce effective applications. There are three main things that need to be emphasized in the design of e-learning applications, namely interface design, content design and interaction design. In interface design, among the things that are evaluated is how to produce an interface that can use the cognitive load effectively. Meanwhile, for content design, what is the appropriate learning and teaching theory to be applied so that the learning experience becomes something meaningful. For interaction design, it is important for the behavior of an application to be predictable and usable. Good interaction design shows features such as easy to use, efficient, safe, easy to learn and easy to remember how to use it. In this article, best practices for designing according to these three aspects will be discussed. Although these best practices are still not comprehensive, they can help learning application developers, teachers, instructors, lecturers, or trainers to be able to provide online learning materials and design e-learning interesting applications effectively.

Investigation and Analysis of College Students’ Online Learning Behavior in the Post-epidemic Era—Take Suqian College as an Example

The COVID-19 epidemic broke out in the world in 2020. With the continuous efforts of people all over the world for a year, the development trend of the epidemic was gradually restrained, and countries began to enter the post-epidemic period one after another. With the students from all over the country returning to school gradually, how to strengthen the normal study of young college students and how to restore the normal teaching order in schools is a huge challenge to both schools and students during this special period of epidemic prevention and control. This paper starts with the phenomenon that the learning effect of online education for college students in Suqian University is not ideal, and carries out on-the-spot questionnaire survey to explore the problem. According to the research, some students have cultivated their good learning habits in the home-school environment, but there are still some problems, such as the majority of students lack of inertial thinking of online learning, lack of attention to online learning and unable to find a suitable mixed online teaching model. Schools should select appropriate teaching models to guide students to participate in online learning. Students should also actively cooperate with teachers to carry out educational work, restrain themselves and devote themselves to study within the stipulated time. Finally, I hope that this paper can effectively promote the development of online e-learning by putting forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of high-quality e-learning model in schools.

PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI ZOOM CLOUD MEETING SEBAGAI MEDIA E-LEARNING DALAM MENCAPAI PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19

The pandemic of Covid-19 caused the Indonesian government to issue regulations about the implementation of e-learning as a substitute for face-to-face learning. Zoom Cloud Meeting application is one of the e-learning media used in order to achieve students understanding in the midst of pandemic. The research was conducted through a qualitative approach with a case study in one of the department which has the largest number of students at Universitas Komputer Indonesia. Through the purposive technique, six research informants were obtained, consisting of quality assurance coordinator, lecturers and students involved in the learning process using Zoom Cloud Meeting application. Results showed that planning contained an overview of learning activities to be held with Zoom Cloud Meeting media as well as preparations made by lecturers and students. Implementation is the use of Zoom Cloud Meeting application as the media of e-learning to deliver learning materials, in the same way as face-to-face learning, consisting of lectures and discussions. Evaluation is related to technical barriers and the development of learning materials that should be adjusted to e-learning method through Zoom Cloud Meeting application. Researchers concluded, the use of Zoom Cloud Meeting application as the media of e-learning in general has successfully achieving students understanding in the midst of pandemic through various features that support the implementation of e-learning, this happens after all parties involved can adapt to the e-learning system. For that, it is necessary to conduct further research about the impact of e-learning in the improvement the learning quality of students. This research was conducted as part of e-learning development, although it cannot completely replace face-to-face learning but at least supports the learning process by utilizing technological advances so that students are more active and independent, because the learning process is no longer centered on lecturers.

Ad Hoc E-learning Measures during 2020 COVID-19 Lockdown: Student Insights

The present study investigated the influence of ad hoc transfer from classic classes to fully online classes during the COVID-19 lockdown in spring 2020 on a student’s satisfaction with e-learning. It is significant for all stakeholders, especially policymakers in the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, to learn about the importance of thorough planning and development of e-learning. E-learning classes have increased awareness about the necessity for continued research on e-learning and its implications on higher education classes. The 2020 COVID-19 lockdown drew the attention of the whole world to the importance of e-learning as a powerful tool for academia. For this study, 196 students participated in an online survey of 21 questions divided into four categories. Results show that while most students didn’t have feelings of studying for real and preferred face-to-face teaching and contact with their colleagues, most participants were partially or fully satisfied with e-learning classes during the lockdown. If results are put in the right perspective of transferring from face-to-face lectures to fully online classes in a matter of days in a lockdown, they represent a solid base for future e-learning development. Also, methods of analysis were used in the search for previous research. The synthesis method was used to summarise and explain the results of the study.

Analysis Learning Management System in vocational education

The development of e-learning is developing because of the demands of learning methods that require innovation in improving learning, so that students are not bored and not monotonous in the learning process. Therefore it is applied or the emergence of various learning systems based on e-learning which is one of the learning models that supports learning based with information technology (IT). The purpose of this study is to analyse and compare several Learning Management Systems (LMS) in the scope of vocational education. LMS is a software application for online activities, electronic learning programs (e-learning programs) and training content. With the advent of various e-learning systems one of them is LMS. Learning Management System is expected to make students more independent, creative and facilitate the implementation of learning that can be done anywhere and anytime. In addition, online learning also makes it easy to control student assignments. LMS has the scope of administration, delivery of material, assessment, monitoring, and communication. Materials in pedagogic and professional competencies, which are made with multimedia packaging (text, animation, video, sound) in the LMS will accelerate (accelerate) mastery of science and technology.