Development Of Defense Industry Research Articles

The Influence of Defense Industry Development Act on the Smooth Transition Dynamics of Stock Volatilities of Defense Industry

Abstract This study aims to investigate the impacts of the Defense Industry Development Act on the volatility of the defense industry as geopolitical risk is raised. Applying the smooth transition generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ST-GARCH) model for daily defense stocks, we demonstrate that the structure breaks in the volatility dynamics process of all defense stocks for Taiwan. The empirical findings show that most defense stocks started the adjustment process more than one year before the date of launch of Defense Industry Development Act except Magnate Technology Corporation (MTC) and China Ship Building Corporation Taiwan (CSBC). The model specification tests suggest two types of transition functions including U-shaped and Z-shaped for all defense stocks. The estimated parameters indicate that the volatilities of returns in defense stocks for Taiwan have inverted U-shaped and inverted Z-shaped patterns of structure breaks. The volatilities of defense enterprise stock return shift by the event of Defense Industry Development Act. JEL classification numbers: G00, G14, G18, L52. Keywords: Geopolitical, Defense industry, Volatility, Structure change, Defense Industry Development Act

Assessing The Strategic Imperatives and Future Trajectory of Pakistan's Defense Industry Development

Introduction: Understanding the critical drivers behind the advancement of Pakistan's defense industry requires a thorough assessment of key factors. These include geopolitical dynamics, security threats, technological innovations, economic conditions, and national defense policies. Such an analysis reveals the pressing need for Pakistan to strengthen its defense industry. Methodology: The study employs a forward-looking examination to delineate the probable course of Pakistan's defense industry in the coming years. This involves evaluating emerging trends, potential opportunities, foreseeable challenges, and strategic imperatives poised to influence the sector's growth and evolution. Results/Findings: The analysis highlights various factors influencing the development of Pakistan's defense industry, including the adoption of cutting-edge technologies, allocation of defense budgets, engagement in international partnerships, leveraging domestic capabilities, and navigating the shifting political landscape. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of the present state, obstacles, and future potential of Pakistan's defense sector. Future Direction: The research underscores the importance of informed decision-making in defense policy formulation, strategic investments, fostering technological innovation, and forging international partnerships. This discernment is crucial for enhancing Pakistan's defense capabilities and navigating the complexities of contemporary political landscapes and global dynamics.

Indonesian Defense Industrial Cooperation With The United Arab Emirates In A Defense Economic Perspective

The implementation of the defense offset mechanism for the procurement of defense equipment has been going on since the early 1960s, although it was effectively only carried out when IPTN, PT. PAL, and PT. PINDAD established cooperation with the state of arms producers and strategic industries in the mid-1970s. The government's policy for cooperation with the United Arab Emirates in the field of defense industry will be very profitable and also equally build a defense economy and also this cooperation is centered on Joint Marketing for CN235 and N219 aircraft, as well as Joint Development for upgrading versions of N219 aircraft and MALE Black Eagle UAVs, along with Engineering, Design & Flight-Testing WorkPackage cooperation in each product development. This cooperation demonstrates the readiness of the domestic industry for the development ofdefense industry products, through three Defense Industry SOEs, in the form of Joint Marketing cooperation for CN235 multipurpose transport aircraft and N219 light passenger aircraft. The method used in this study is a qualitative method based on the study of in-depth understanding. Qualitative research is a method used to understand the phenomena experienced by the research subject by describing in the form of language, words, and specialnatural contexts.

SWOT Analysis And Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) To Determine A Sustainable Development Strategy In Indonesia's National Defense Industry

Improving national defense can be done by strengthening the national defense industry. A strong defense industry will produce modern and sophisticated military equipment according to user needs. The large number of military equipment imported from abroad requires efforts to increase the domestic defense industry to meet the needs of military equipment to increase defense capabilities. The purpose of this study is to analyze strategies and programs for the development of the defense industry and to analyze several factors that play a role in the development of the national defense industry. The collection technique in this research is through Focus Group Discussion, the results of which are input for SWOT and AHP analysis. The results of the SWOT analysis show that the defense industry has a strong category of competitiveness, and has a high opportunity to be developed because it has its own market. The three main factors for the sustainability of the defense industry are: the capability of the defense industry, the quality of its human resources, and the accuracy of delivery.

Optimalisasi Pengembangan Iptek Industri Pertahanan Guna Pembangunan Nasional

In realizing government policies in the field of defense industry development, currently Indonesia has 10 strategic industries that support the production of defense equipment. To support this strategic industry, the role of the government, universities, and research institutions both managed by the government and the private sector is very necessary in conducting research, development, and implementation. Although Indonesia already has 10 strategic industries, Indonesia is still lagging behind in technological mastery in the defense industry compared to developed countries. Therefore, it is necessary for the Government's strategy to catch up with these gaps or at least reduce the "gap" between Indonesia and developed countries in mastering technology in producing defense system tools.

Flexible human-applicable infrared camouflage materials with temperature and emissivity tunability

Infrared stealth technology plays a vital role in development of defense industry and new military equipment. Infrared stealth materials with adjustable temperature and emissivity have potential applications in adaptive thermal camouflage. We used thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) encapsulated with ionic liquid as the intermediate layer and graphene as the outer layers to prepare the infrared thermal camouflage composite material with adjustable temperature and emissivity. The ionic liquids with wide phase change transition temperature range from −40 to 37 °C could absorb heat from human body and keep the actual temperature of the surface of the composite film constant, due to their high latent heat during phase change process. Moreover, the infrared emissivity of graphene outer layer could be controlled by the intercalation of ionic liquids via applied electric field, which further achieves the thermal camouflage of the composite film. Under the continuous heating of heat source close to the body temperature, the obtained composite film shows a tunable thermal camouflage temperature range of 33 to 28 °C through the detection of an infrared camera, and the emissivity decreases 0.26. The obtained composite film has excellent mechanical properties could effectively realize the on-body infrared stealth, which provides constructive suggestions for the application of adaptive thermal camouflage such as new military equipment.

Indonesian Defense Industry Development Strategy as Responses of Cyber Threat to Support State Defense

The condition of the Indonesian defense industry still has many shortcomings, but with the passage of time and a very dynamic strategic environment, the spectrum of threats is rapidly changing. Currently, where the development of information and communication technology is accelerating, cyber threats are the most dangerous threat, as well as for the Indonesian defense industry. Thus, Indonesia must determine attitudes and strategies in developing the defense industry in responding to cyber threats in order to support national defense. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The theoretical framework in this research is the theory of development strategy, and the concept of cyber threats. The purpose of the defense industry development strategy in response to cyber threats is to find out the best efforts made by Indonesia using SWOT analysis. It was found that the best strategy in building Indonesian defense industry in responding to cyber threats is the development of the quality of Human Resources and an increase in the budget for research and development of defense industry and technology. This is because some of the obstacles faced are (1) the weak understanding of state administrators related to the cyberspace, and the weak competence of human resources related to soft skills that must be possessed, (2) the weak legal umbrella in handling attacks in the cyberspace. (3) the weakness of the research and development department of the Indonesian defense industry (4) the weakness of the industry in producing and developing hardware with information technology.

Flexible and foldable composite films based on polyimide/phosphorene hybrid aerogel and phase change material for infrared stealth and thermal camouflage

Infrared stealth technology plays a vital role in development of defense industry and new military equipment. The current study focused on a novel type of flexible and foldable composite films based on polyimide (PI)/phosphorene (PR) hybrid aerogel and phase change material (PCM) for infrared stealth and thermal camouflage applications. The composite films were successfully obtained by fabricating a PI/PR hybrid aerogel through prepolymerizaton, film casting, freeze-drying, and thermal imidization, followed by vacuum impregnation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a PCM into the aerogel framework. The combination of PI and PR nanoflakes endows the hybrid aerogel with an effective enhancement in mechanical properties, near infrared absorption, and infrared photothermal conversion. The resultant composite films not only present prominent tensile and fatigue-resistant performance but also exhibit a good thermal regulation capability with a high latent-heat capacity of over 150 J/g. More importantly, the composite films demonstrate good infrared stealth and thermal camouflage performance on the high-temperature targets through effective thermal buffer and insulation. With ultralight, flexible, foldable, shape-tunable, and thermal self-regulatory characteristics, the PI/PR aerogel/PEG composite films developed by this work exhibit great application potential in infrared stealth and thermal camouflage for new military equipment.

Principles of Project Management During the Design and Implementation of the Defense Industry Development Programs

One of the most important tasks in the field of ensuring the defense and security of the Russian Federation in the modern economic conditions is the transition to a new competitive look of the defense industry complex (DIC). The decisive factor for the stable development of defense industry enterprises is their high-quality innovative and investment activities. The development of project management in the defense industry, which contributes to more efficient development of defense industry enterprises and increases the level of control over their innovative and investment development, can be an efficient tool for its development and improving the efficiency of project implementation, which positively influences the growth of the innovation implementation efficiency.Project management has been successfully applied in the activities of companies for many years. The history of project management is presented, the world and domestic practices of project management are analyzed, conceptual approaches to the implementation of project management principles in the defense industry are proposed, and a change in the corporate governance system when implementing project management is illustrated in the present work.The goals of implementing project management in the defense industry development have been considered, the specifics of project management in the defense sector have been revealed, and the possibilities of using the project approach in the defense industry development have been considered in the discussion. Specific examples of project management in the defense sector have been provided in the present work.Project management is an efficient tool for preparing and implementing innovative and investment activities in the development of the Russian defense industry. The use of project management in the field of defense industry development can significantly save the time and money spent on projects and programs development in the defense industry of Russia.

A Study of Project Financing on the Defense Industry in Systems Thinking Perspective

Abstract Taiwan has long faced the threat of force from mainland China. Since Taiwan has limited defense industry autonomy, it has insufficient self-produced weapons and must rely on foreign weapon procurement for defense preparation. As a result, Taiwan ranks among the top 10 U.S. arms sales and exports destination due to the large quantity of armaments purchased. An autonomous defense industry capability covers three aspects: independent R&D, production, and formation of the weapon industry chain. Due to the high complexity, strong integration, large capital investment, high technology threshold, and long payback period characteristics of the defense industry; promoting exchanges between the defense industry and private enterprises can effectively bolster economic development and enhance the country’s industrial competitiveness in addition to upgrading its advanced technologies. In addition to the overall government planning and policy promotion, the defense industry also requires private sector participation. However, private manufacturers generally have insufficient financial resources and often need to obtain the necessary funds via project financing. So project financing plays a critical role to the defense industry development. There are numerous consideration factors for project financing and the defense industry. Such factors influence each other, and are correlated and interlinked. All aspects must be considered from a holistic and structural system perspective. But there is a dearth of literature focusing on the research of the defense industry and project financing from a systematic perspective. Therefore, the researcher of this study employed the system dynamics methodology and used system thinking to construct a qualitative system dynamic analysis model for Taiwan's defense industry and project financing system. The goal is to provide reference for countries that desire to develop their own national defense industry. Keywords: Defense industry, Project financing, System dynamics, System thinking.

ІСТОРИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВІЙСЬКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА УКРАЇНА – НАТО НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ

The article analyzes the history of the development of military-technical cooperation between Ukraine and NATO as one of the defining areas of international military partnership. Taking into account specific historical circumstances and external aggression by the Russian Federation, the importance of Ukraine’s military-technical cooperation with partner countries for the implementation of political goals and objectives of the state for the development of defense industry and national security is emphasized. Ukraine faced new types of threats in all spheres of the state’s life, in the military in particular, which required active assistance from partner countries. The realities of the hybrid war, which has targeted our country, require new approaches to ensuring the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, including by strengthening military partnerships with the European Union and the United States. In modern geopolitical, socio-economic, international legal, military-political conditions, the nature, forms and directions of Ukraine’s military partnership need to be rethought and clarified. Today, Ukraine’s military cooperation with NATO is of a strategic nature, the tasks of which can be grouped into four key areas: maintaining military-political dialogue; assistance in reforming and developing the Armed Forces of Ukraine; ensuring contribution to international security and peacekeeping; defense and technical cooperation. As a result of this study, NATO membership will open new opportunities for Ukraine’s competitive defense industries and lay the foundation for military-technical cooperation at the international level. In this context, the myth that Ukraine’s accession to NATO will involve the collapse of Ukraine’s defense industry through the introduction of new NATO military standards, requirements for rearmament for our army is completely eliminated.

A Study on the Development of Defense Industry in the Republic of Korea Based on Main Foreign Countries

본 논문에서는 현재의 국내 방위산업 실태와 미비점을 진단하고, 방위산업에 대한 주요국의 정책과 환경변화 분석을 통해 방위산업이 가지는 대내·외적 위협요소를 줄이면서 지속적인 경쟁력 향상을 위한 정책적 발전방안을 모색하였다. 본 연구의 범위는 미국, 영국, 프랑스, 이스라엘, 일본 등 세계 주요 선진국들을 대상으로 하였으며, 세계 방위산업의 패러다임 변화 및 대상국들의 방위산업정책 추진현황을 살펴봄으로써, 우리나라에 적용가능한 제도적, 정책적 발전방안을 도출하였다. 그 결과 본 논문에서는, 방위산업정책 수립 시 관련 산업과 연계한 정책입안 방안, 방산수출 관련 협조체계 구축방안, 미래 방위산업 핵심 분야 선정 및 집중 육성 방안, 방산업체 간 기술개발 및 공동 협력방안 등을 제안하였다.In this paper, we present the development of defense industry based on policy development of major foreign countries. We analyze domestic defense industry in terms of challenges, and present defense policy development of foreign countries including USA, UK, France, Israel, and Japan. In particular we study the paradigm of world defense policy and how they try to get their weapon systems. As a result, we propose the development of defense industry in terms of policy related to industry area, cooperation for world trades, defense core technology of future defense industry, and R&D of weapon systems between defense companies including cooperation each other.

Defense Diplomacy and Country Existence

This paper aims to discuss defense diplomacy efforts by TNI to strengthen the country existence. The world multipolarization put foreign policy into new challenges of world power distribution, non-boundary and not centered on two classical blocs (East and West). This condition requires the TNI to have an adaptive capacity related to the role and ability in responding to challenges in defense diplomacy tasks. There are 3 conclusions related to defense diplomacy in strengthening the existence of country. First, world multipolarization creates challenges to provide an opportunity for Indonesia to use it as an opportunity to build more constructive relationships in developing the country interests from the economic, socio-cultural and defense sectors. Second, actualization of defense diplomacy as a national policy must be consistent with country interests, especially in effort to maintain domestic stability which is closely related to regional situation. Third, several strategic partner countries of Indonesia need to receive comprehensively a systematic and programmed treatment in according with character of defense diplomacy, namely Confidence Building Measure (CBM), enhancement of defense capabilities and development of defense industry. Therefore, government needs to develop its relevance by exploring defense diplomacy as the spearhead to strengthen the existence of Indonesian nation and country. Keywords : Diplomacy, Multipolar, Defense, TNI DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/87-05 Publication date: October 31 st 2020

Методичний підхід до визначення та оцінювання мобілізаційних спроможностей боєприпасної галузі

Якісна мобілізаційна підготовка боєприпасної галузі держави неможлива без знання реального стану цієї галузі, її спроможностей щодо виробництва боєприпасів в умовах мирного часу та в особливий період.Спроможності боєприпасної галузі мають відповідати потребам сил оборони. Формування спроможностей боєприпасної галузі мирного часу та на особливий період здійснюється в мирний час шляхом виконання планів та програм розвитку оборонної промисловості, виходячи з економічних можливостей держави.Метою статті є розробка методичного підходу до визначення та оцінювання мобілізаційних спроможностей боєприпасної галузі, визначення основних показників та критеріїв, які доцільно застосовувати під час проведення мобілізаційного планування цієї галузі.

ESTRATÉGIA DE DEFESA E OS REFLEXOS NA INDÚSTRIA DE DEFESA

Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar os pontos não observados ou relegadoshistoricamente pela Estratégia Nacional de Defesa (END) do Brasil, visando aodesenvolvimento de sua Base Industrial de Defesa (BID), comparados ao modelonorte-americano, país avançado nesta área, com intuito de contribuir para melhoriado caso brasileiro. Este estudo é de cunho qualitativo e foi iniciado com uma pesquisaexploratória. Está desenvolvido em três seções principais: uma com o levantamentohistórico do tema, destacando o referencial teórico e os principais conceitos; outraapresentando os principais aspectos do modelo americano; a seguinte com estudossobre o caso brasileiro; e por último uma análise do instrumento de coleta dedados. Finalizando, pode-se afirmar que o Brasil possui uma “sistemática”, e nãoum modelo estratégico, como o tem os Estados Unidos da América (EUA), que façaas interligações entre os entes internos ao processo de desenvolvimento da BID –governo/militares, indústria e academia – fazendo com que o país fique aquém doseu potencial. Aspecto que é ampliado pela restrição de investimentos no setor.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY: SOLUTIONS

The example of the experience of a specific defense enterprise shows the possible ways to solve the strategic problems facing the country’s defense industry in the coming decade (until 2030). Implementation of previous state defense industry development programs allowed the company to accumulate useful experience in improving and diversifying the production of defense products. The main idea of the development strategy until 2020 was the use of the concept of “key competencies’ of the enterprise of K. Prahalad and G. Hemel. In the methodological plan, when focusing the strategy on key competencies, the strategic matrix of B. Chakrovarti and P. Laurent was used in terms of the “leverage” strategy, which was the core product of the enterprise — that basic product in which the parameters of the key competencies of the enterprise materialize. The article also discusses the problem of staffing a defense enterprise for solving the strategic tasks of the development of the defense industry. The experience of interaction between an enterprise and a technical university in the framework of a specially created department is described.

A hadiipar fejlesztésének feltételei és működésének követelményei

Magyarország Kormánya elkötelezett amellett, hogy hazánk és a magyar állampolgárok biztonságát garantálja, ezért fogadta el a Zrínyi 2026 Honvédelmi és Haderőfejlesztési Programot, amellyel az elmúlt huszonöt év legnagyobb és legátfogóbb honvédelmi programja indul meg. Az elmúlt negyedszázadban nem volt példa hasonló, a Magyar Honvédség minden területét érintő modernizációs fejlesztésre, amelyhez most a feltételek adottak lesznek. Olyan fejlődési pályára állhat a Magyar Honvédség, amellyel meghatározó erővé válhat, tovább erősítve Magyarország biztonságát, Európa közös védelmét és a NATO szövetségét.
 A tanulmány történelmi példákra, gazdasági törvényszerűségekre és napjaink technológiai változásaira alapozva a hadiipar fejlesztésének feltételeit, valamint fenntartható működésének kritériumait mutatja be. A fejlesztési feltételek között felsorolja a katonai biztonsági kihívásokat, a politikai akaratot, valamint azokat a nemzetgazdasági erőforrásokat, amelyek megléte nélkül lehetetlen komoly hadiipart létrehozni. A hadiipar működésével szemben támasztott követelményeket a hadiipar szentháromsága foglalja össze: legyen technológiailag magas színvonalú, gazdaságilag versenyképes és biztosítson ellátásbiztonságot béke- és krízisidőszakban egyaránt.

The Military Industrial Complex In a Developing Country: Lessons from the Republic of Turkey

Turkey is an example of a developing country concerns with the development of its defense industry. Since the early of its republican in 1923, there are many defense indus­try companies established, owned by both state and private sectors. Lately, Turkish defense industry development has shown significant progress by the capability to build its indigenous defense products such as tanks and ships with most local content. The current objective of the Turkish defense industry under Erdogan administrative is to establish a ‘full’ defense industry independency by 2023, precisely a hundred years of its republic age. To achieve the objective, Turkey has established its ‘defense industry structure’ similar to Eisenhower’s concept of ‘Military-Industrial Complex’. The synergy of stakeholders among the Turkish Military-Industrial Complex has led Turkey to progressively fulfill Erdogan’s objective of a ‘full’ military independency through the execution and success of its national defense projects. Therefore, by using the explanatory research method, the authors explain the existence of the Turkish Military-Industrial Complex from each role and synergy, bringing significant impacts to the state. This article argues that the development of the military industry in Turkey, covering a timeframe of 2011 to 2017, could provide valuable experiences and lessons for other developing countries to strengthen their national defense industry level.

방위산업 발전을 위한 무기체계 시험평가 개선방안 연구

방위산업 발전을 위한 무기체계 시험평가 개선방안 연구

PERANAN HUKUM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI PERTAHANAN SEBAGAI INDUSTRI STRATEGIS DIDALAM MENJAGA KEDAULATAN NEGARA KESATUAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA

Indonesia's geographical located between two continents and oceans, those are the Asian nd the Australian Continent, and the Indian and the Pacific Ocean, has made Indonesia to become a country with strategic position, both for the world trade route and inter-State relations. But on the other hand Indonesia has the sovereignty of the State that must be guarded and maintained from all kinds of threats both from within and outside. For this reason, Indonesia is required to have the capacity in the form of TNI defense equipment, which is adequate as the main instrument to protect territorial sovereignty and to safeguard national interests from the threats, challenges, obstacles and disturbances both from domestic and foreign. Therefore, the development of the defense industry is also needed. The main problem in this study is how does the law regulate the development of defense industry as Indonesia's strategic industry?The descriptive method of analysis with normative juridical was used in analyzing the problems of the development of the defense industry in facing the challenges, threats, and disruptions to the Republic of Indonesia's sovereignty as a consequence of the strategic location of Indonesia's geographical position. 
 The results of the study show that the defense industry has a position as a strategic industry, because the primary weaponry defense system has important role in order to maintain the sovereignty of the State. Even though the regulation has been assigned in a law, namely Law Number 16 of 2012 concerning on the Defense Industry, but it has not been regulated by clear regulations and is tend to ad hoc, which is certainly not beneficial for the growth and development of the National defense industry. Law as a medium of renewing society must be able to make changes, so that it can direct where the national defense industry will be developed, so it is able to create companies that are reliable in producing defense equipment to preserve national sovereignty.