Principles of Project Management During the Design and Implementation of the Defense Industry Development Programs

Innovative activities in Ukraine's defense industry contribute to the creation of the latest weapons, increase production efficiency and reduce costs, and provide a technological advantage over the enemy, which is critical in the context of russia's large-scale armed aggression. The purpose of the study is to analyze global trends in stimulating innovation in the defense industry and to highlight innovative defense trends in Ukraine. The object of the study is global trends and domestic trends in the development of innovations at defense industry enterprises. Methods used in the study. The general methodology is based on a dialectical approach to analyze the unity of challenges and opportunities for innovation at defense enterprises, a comparative analysis of international experience in financing and implementing innovations. The main hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the pace and quality of innovation in the activities of defense industry enterprises depends not only on the volume of financial investments, but also on a number of objective and subjective factors. Summary of the main material. It is noted that modern innovations in the defense industry are focused on creating asymmetric advantages through the introduction of new technologies. Based on the analysis, the author identifies the key areas of technological development of defense industry enterprises: integration of artificial intelligence into combat operations, logistics and threat detection systems; development of more advanced military equipment; military robotics and autonomous systems; Internet of Military Things; war in cyberspace; immersive technologies; additive manufacturing; big data and analytics; 5G infrastructure; blockchain. It is proved that the development of the defense industry of Ukraine is significantly ahead of global trends. It is shown that the dynamics of innovation depends on strategic partnerships, investments in R&D, and an effective regulatory framework. The author has developed a number of promising areas of innovative development of the domestic defense industry: technologies for the production of unmanned aerial vehicles; artificial intelligence and cyber warfare; and maritime unmanned systems. Based on the results of the analysis, the following methods of stimulating innovation at Ukrainian defense industry enterprises are proposed: development of public-private partnerships; financing through grants and competitions; tax incentives; acceleration of technology transfer; international cooperation. The originality and practical significance are due to the well-grounded analytical tools for analyzing the innovation activity of defense industry enterprises, which allowed to formulate methodological approaches to stimulating the innovative development of defense industry enterprises. Conclusions and Prospects for Further Research. It has been substantiated that the innovation activity of the enterprises of the defense industry of Ukraine in 2022-2025 demonstrates significant progress in the development of the industry. The key success factors were: active state support and regulatory changes; a significant increase in investment in the industry; successful international cooperation; development of the private sector and the startup ecosystem. A promising area for further research may be the study of the integration processes of civil-military technologies and the consequences of scaling up startups in the production of innovative military products.

With the deepening development of civil-military integration, military standardization system faced profound changes, which would have a profound impact to quality assurance of the military, the level of technological advancement, acquisition of market mechanisms, and the defense industry development. Based on the model deduction of endogenous growth theory, through depth study on the relationship between the optimal intensity standard and relatively capital intensive of national defense industry, this paper argued that only through the use of appropriate standardized mechanism and reasonable choice of standard strength, to play an appropriate lever role in the technological progress and development, and a regulatory role in resource allocation, and an effective guiding role in defense industry development, promote the healthy development of civil-military integration. This paper firstly took relatively capital-intensive as the contact link on research of military standardization and defense industry, concluded that only by the relatively capital-intensive military, could enterprises have sound and rapid development in the process of civil-military integration, which had been effectively used in strategic planning of the defense industry and long-term development of military standards.

SOURCES OF FINANCING INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ENTERPRISES

The development of the domestic defense industry plays a key role in maintaining national sovereignty and the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. In this context, complex and dynamic challenges require an integrated approach to strengthen independence in the defense sector. This study highlights the importance of integration between the concept of national defense, defense science and technology in the development of the defense industry. Collaboration between the government, private sector, academic institutions and the military is the key to creating an ecosystem that supports the growth of the domestic defense industry. Greater investment in research and development is needed to produce innovative technologies that can compete globally. Apart from that, regional cooperation is also important in building joint defense capacity and strengthening regional stability. Indonesia needs to establish strategic partnerships with neighboring countries and international partners to support each other in developing the defense industry and maintaining security and peace in the region. By facing challenges with the right solutions, Indonesia has great potential to build an independent and strong domestic defense industry. Through the integration of national defense perspectives, defense science and technology, this country can build a strong national defense foundation and ensure the sovereignty and integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in this increasingly complex and dynamic era. Thus, this research makes an important contribution to the understanding of the domestic defense industry development strategy and its relevance in the context of national security.

Currently, in conditions of fierce competition and under the influence of constantly changing external factors, the development of enterprises and the modern economy in Russia is taking place. In the modern world, all transformations occur at an unprecedented speed, overcoming the path in a few days from the idea of emergence to its implementation. These innovations concern all spheres of activity, the management and development of industrial enterprises is no exception. These trends are pushing more and more enterprises to resort to project management. These actions lead to the following changes in the organization: openness and transparency of conducting activities, setting specific goals and achieving them, attracting more employees, since everyone is interested in the success of the project, because they have their own interests. The success and sustainable development of an organization in the market depends on its ability to create and implement various innovative ideas: the creation and release of an innovative product, the development of new technologies, the application of progressive methods of conducting the organization’s activities, etc. To date, the project management method is actively used in the development of Russian industrial enterprises, as it is one of the tools for the development of the country’s economy. Project management in Russia is a new doctrine in the understanding of Russian society and every year there is a growing interest in the use of project management methods at enterprises. The advantages of this method of enterprise management consist in a clear justification of projects, control of funds and resources, minimizing risks, saving time and, in general, the effectiveness of the organization’s management. The universality of the applied project management as a tool for the development of industrial enterprises is associated with its advantages, connection with strategic management, result orientation. The importance of this approach is great in the strategic planning system, since project management is applicable in the management of state programs, large investment projects, where the key problem in implementation is low efficiency with huge budget investments. The implementation of project management in project offices in the activities of federal and regional state executive authorities has been carried out over the past years on the initiative of the President and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Project management is increasingly being applied in the engineering and electronics industries, in the energy and oil industries. This management method is applicable in any organization that needs to change the system in order to develop innovative products, modernize production, needs sustainable development and profitability from doing business. The language of modern business is the language of project management, which has become the main method of management. In modern business, they say that if a company does not have project management, then it is a dying company.

The national defence industry concentrates on military, electronic, information and space technologies. In the near future, Ukraine's defence industry may become one of the most knowledge-intensive industrial sectors of the economy. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to assess the capacity of Ukrainian defence enterprises to produce weapons and military equipment to ensure national security. The research aims not only to assess the problems of the defence industry under martial law but also to ensure the effective development of the defence industry sectors by identifying priority areas of funding.It was found that the current state of the Ukrainian defence industry does not meet the current realities of the time, especially in the context of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The provision of equipment and weapons to military units is at a low level. It is found that the renewal of modern models of weapons and military equipment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, before the full-scale invasion, was less than 1%, which in turn did not allow to compensate for the rate of ageing of existing weapons. The authors suggest ways to support the development of Ukraine's defence industry, in particular, through the creation of a Defence Industry Development Fund.The authors propose to create a Defence Industry Development Fund using public and private sources of funding not prohibited by the legislative framework of Ukraine, which will expand the capabilities of defence industry enterprises to produce weapons and military equipment. The creation of a system of multi-level continuous education in the defence industry and long-term conditions for the sustainable development of the defence industry's human resources will allow to engage in capacity building and reach a new level of support for the Armed Forces of Ukraine through the implementation of NATO standards.

This article is devoted to the study of the possibilities for the application of foreign experiencein the development of project and innovation management at the enterprises of the defense industryof the Republic of Kazakhstan (DI RK). For this purpose, a study was conducted on the experience ofimplementing project activities in various countries and identifying features. Given the fact that in thedevelopment of innovation and project management, some countries have advanced far ahead, it seemsuseful to study their experience in implementing effective management systems in the country’s defenseindustry enterprises. Military power and competitiveness are taken as a criterion to identify the countrieson which to focus for the study and application of their experience. The current state and developmenttrends of the defense industrial complex of other countries, as well as the experience of internationalcompanies in the implementation of innovation and project activities, have been studied. The study useddata from international organizations, country statistics, global indices and ratings. Among the scientificliterature studied the works of foreign and domestic authors on related topics. The study showed that theimplementation of project activities in different countries occurs at different speeds. As the experience ofother countries has shown, the increase in the amount of funding, in itself, does not ensure the country’smilitary competitiveness. The development of the military sector depends on many factors, in addition tothe amount of funding, among which innovativeness of projects, people’s competence, development ofmanagement systems and others are especially important. The practical significance of this work lies inthe fact that the findings and proposed recommendations can be useful in the recently initiated processesof introducing innovative and project management in the Ministry of Defense and Aerospace Industry,in general, and in defense enterprises, in particular.

Introduction: Understanding the critical drivers behind the advancement of Pakistan's defense industry requires a thorough assessment of key factors. These include geopolitical dynamics, security threats, technological innovations, economic conditions, and national defense policies. Such an analysis reveals the pressing need for Pakistan to strengthen its defense industry. Methodology: The study employs a forward-looking examination to delineate the probable course of Pakistan's defense industry in the coming years. This involves evaluating emerging trends, potential opportunities, foreseeable challenges, and strategic imperatives poised to influence the sector's growth and evolution. Results/Findings: The analysis highlights various factors influencing the development of Pakistan's defense industry, including the adoption of cutting-edge technologies, allocation of defense budgets, engagement in international partnerships, leveraging domestic capabilities, and navigating the shifting political landscape. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of the present state, obstacles, and future potential of Pakistan's defense sector. Future Direction: The research underscores the importance of informed decision-making in defense policy formulation, strategic investments, fostering technological innovation, and forging international partnerships. This discernment is crucial for enhancing Pakistan's defense capabilities and navigating the complexities of contemporary political landscapes and global dynamics.

Indonesia's geographical located between two continents and oceans, those are the Asian nd the Australian Continent, and the Indian and the Pacific Ocean, has made Indonesia to become a country with strategic position, both for the world trade route and inter-State relations. But on the other hand Indonesia has the sovereignty of the State that must be guarded and maintained from all kinds of threats both from within and outside. For this reason, Indonesia is required to have the capacity in the form of TNI defense equipment, which is adequate as the main instrument to protect territorial sovereignty and to safeguard national interests from the threats, challenges, obstacles and disturbances both from domestic and foreign. Therefore, the development of the defense industry is also needed. The main problem in this study is how does the law regulate the development of defense industry as Indonesia's strategic industry?The descriptive method of analysis with normative juridical was used in analyzing the problems of the development of the defense industry in facing the challenges, threats, and disruptions to the Republic of Indonesia's sovereignty as a consequence of the strategic location of Indonesia's geographical position. 
 The results of the study show that the defense industry has a position as a strategic industry, because the primary weaponry defense system has important role in order to maintain the sovereignty of the State. Even though the regulation has been assigned in a law, namely Law Number 16 of 2012 concerning on the Defense Industry, but it has not been regulated by clear regulations and is tend to ad hoc, which is certainly not beneficial for the growth and development of the National defense industry. Law as a medium of renewing society must be able to make changes, so that it can direct where the national defense industry will be developed, so it is able to create companies that are reliable in producing defense equipment to preserve national sovereignty.

Private Sector-led Urban Development Projects. Management, Partnerships and Effects in the Netherlands and the UK

Private Sector-led Urban Development Projects. Management, Partnerships and Effects in the Netherlands and the UK

Private Sector-led Urban Development Projects. Management, Partnerships and Effects in the Netherlands and the UK

Central to this research lays the concept of private sector-led urban development projects (Heurkens, 2010). Such projects involve project developers taking a leading role and local authorities adopting a facilitating role, in managing the development of an urban area, based on a clear public-private role division. Such a development strategy is quite common in Anglo-Saxon urban development practices, but is less known in Continental European practices. Nonetheless, since the beginning of the millennium such a development strategy also occurred in the Netherlands in the form of ‘concessions’. However, remarkably little empirical knowledge is available about how public and private actors collaborate on and manage private sector-led urban development projects. Moreover, it remains unclear what the effects of such projects are. This dissertation provides an understanding of the various characteristics of private sector-led urban development projects by conducting empirical case study research in the institutional contexts of the Netherlands and the UK. The research provides an answer to the following research question: What can we learn from private sector-led urban development projects in the Netherlands and UK in terms of the collaborative and managerial roles of public and private actors, and the effects of their (inter)actions? Indications for a market-oriented Dutch urban development practice Urban development practice in the Netherlands has been subject to changes pointing towards more private sector involvement in the built environment in the past decades. Although the current economic recession might indicate otherwise, there are several motives that indicate a continuation of private sector involvement and a private leadership role in Dutch urban development projects in the future. First, a shift towards more market-oriented development practice is the result of an evolutionary process of increased ‘neoliberalization’ and the adoption of Anglo-Saxon principles in Dutch society. Despite its Rhineland roots with a focus on welfare provision, in the Netherlands several neoliberal principles (privatization, decentralization, deregulation) have been adopted by government and incorporated in the management of organizations (Bakker et al., 2005). Hence, market institutionalization on the one hand, and rising civic emancipation on the other, in current Western societies prevents a return towards hierarchical governance. Second, the result of such changes is the emergence of a market-oriented type of planning practice based on the concept of ‘development planning’. Public-Private Partnerships and the ‘forward integration’ of market parties (De Zeeuw, 2007) enforce the role of market actors. In historical perspective, Boelens et al. (2006) argue that Dutch spatial planning always has been characterized by public-private collaborations in which governments facilitated private and civic entrepreneurship. Therefore, post-war public-led spatial planning with necessary government intervention was a ‘temporary hiccup’, an exception to the rule. Third, the European Commission expresses concerns about the hybrid role of public actors in Dutch institutionalized PPP joint ventures. EU legislation opts for formal public-private role divisions in realizing urban projects based on Anglo-Saxon law that comply with the legislative tendering principles of competition, transparency, equality, and public legitimacy. Fourth, experiences with joint ventures in the Netherlands are less positive as often is advocated. Such institutionalized public-private entities have seldom generated the assumed added value, caused by misconceptions about the objectives of both partners grounded in incompatible value systems. This results in contra-productive levels of distrust, time-consuming partnership formations, lack of transparency, and compromising decision-making processes (Teisman & Klijn, 2002), providing a need for other forms of collaboration. Finally, current financial retrenchments in the public sector and debates about the possible abundance of Dutch active land development policies point towards a lean and mean government that moves away from risk-bearing participation and investment in urban projects and leaves this to the market. Importantly, Van der Krabben (2011b) argues that the Dutch active public land development policies can be considered as an international exception, and advocates for facilitating land development policies. In this light, it becomes highly relevant to study private sector-led urban development as a future Dutch urban development strategy. Integrative urban management approach This research is rooted in the research school of Urban Area Development within the Department of Real Estate and Housing at the Faculty of Architecture (Delft University of Technology). It is a relatively young academic domain which views urban development most profoundly as a complex management assignment (Bruil et al., 2004; Franzen et al., 2011). This academic school uses an integrative perspective with a strong practice-orientation and carries out solution-oriented design research. Here, the integration involves bridging various actor interests, spatial functions, spatial scales, academic domains, knowledge and skills, development goals, and links process with content aspects. Such a perspective does justice to complex societal processes. Therefore it provides a fruitful ground for studying urban development aimed at developing conceptual knowledge and product for science and practice. Such integrative perspective and practice-orientation forms the basis of this research and has been applied in the following manner. In order to create an understanding of the roles of public and private actors in private sector-led urban development, this research takes a management perspective based on an integrative management approach. This involves viewing management more broadly as ‘any type of direct influencing’ urban development projects, and therefore aims at bridging often separated management theories (Osborne, 2000a). Hence, an integrative management approach assists in both understanding urban development practices and projects and constructing useful conceptual tools for practitioners and academics. Integrative approaches attempt to combine a number of different elements into a more holistic management approach (Black & Porter, 2000). Importantly, it does not view the management of projects in isolation but in its entire complexity and dynamics. Therefore, our management approach combines two integrative management theories; the open systems theory (De Leeuw, 2002) and contingency theory. The former provides opportunities to study the management of a project in a structured manner. The latter emphasizes that there is no universally effective way of managing and recognizes the importance of contextual circumstances. Hence, an integrative management approach favors incorporating theories from multiple academic domains such as political science, economics, law, business administration, and organizational and management concepts. Hence, it moves away from the classical academic division between planning theory and property theory, and organization and management theories. It positions itself in between such academic domains, and aims at bridging theoretical viewpoints by following the concept of planning ánd markets (Alexander, 2001) rather than concepts such as ‘planning versus markets’, public versus private sector, and organization versus management. Also, such an integrative view values the complexity and dynamics of empirical urban development practices. More specifically, this research studies urban development projects as object, as urban areas are the focus point of spatial intervention and public-private interaction (Daamen, 2010), and thus collaboration and management. Here, public planning processes and private development processes merge with each other. Thus, our research continues to build upon the importance of studying and reflecting on empirical practices and projects (e.g. Healey, 2006). In addition to these authors, this research does so by using meaningful integrative concepts that reflect empirical realities of urban projects. Thereby, this research serves to bridge management sciences with management practices (Van Aken, 2004; Mintzberg, 2010) through iterative processes of reflecting on science and practice. Moreover, the integrative management approach applied in this research assists in filling an academic gap, namely the lack of management knowledge about public-private interaction in urban development projects. Despite the vast amount of literature on the governance of planning practices (e.g. DiGaetano & Strom, 2003), and Public-Private Partnerships (e.g. Osborne, 2000b), remarkable little knowledge exists about what shifting public-private relationships mean for day-to-day management by public and private actors in development projects. Hence, here we follow the main argument made by public administration scholar Klijn (2008) who claims that it is such direct actor influence that brings about the most significant change to the built environment. An integrative urban management model (see Figure 2.3) based on the open systems approach has been constructed which forms a conceptual representation of empirical private sectorled urban development projects. This model serves as an analytical tool to comprehend the complexity of managing such projects. In this research, several theoretical insights about publicprivate relations and roles are used to understand different contextual and organizational factors that affect the management of private sector-led urban development projects. Hence, a project context exists

A major challenge in Information Systems and Information Technology is to improve the ability to conceptualize, design, develop and deliver information systems that meet customer requirements. Project management is often adopted to create solutions that work and meet customer needs. The principles of project management as defined by the Project Management Institute, can improve project success rates. Researchers in the project management need to help practitioners understanding the impact of different principles on the success of IS development. This study undertakes a survey of project management experts on the state of practice and research to examine the need for improving project management, and suggest areas that can be improved. Research may be the most effective means of defining opportunities for enhancing project success rates by tapping the wealth of literature and complementing it with the expertise of project management practitioners. INTRODUCTION Software development applications require frequent changes and updates in order to support enterprise systems. These frequent changes to IS/IT comprise a large volume of software development efforts. These efforts, undertaken as projects, are generally complex and take place in a dynamic environment where business conditions and technologies change frequently during the life of the project (Chen, et. al., 2004). The factors of project success include user involvement and project size, management and planning (Schmidt, et al., 2001). A fully operational project management system in enterprise offers the best opportunity for project success through the implementation of methods and tools for planning, organizing, and managing team-based activities to accomplish specific directives (Jurison, 1999). Project management is widely adopted in Corporate America embraces project management to implement system changes (Muriithi & Crawford, 2003; Park & Pena-Mora, 2003; Yilmaz & Phillips, 2007), which are even considered as too significant to outsource (Fish & Seydel, 2006) or having high risk of leading to undesirable consequences (Wei & Peach, 2006). However, many projects fail, even when performed using project management techniques. Such project failure reduces the capability of technology components. The 2004 Chaos report by the Standish Group found that only 28% of IT projects were successful, down from 34% in earlier report; The proportion of IT projects canceled before completion increased to 18% (from 15%), and a further 51% of IT projects were considered challenged as they are seriously late, over budget and missing expected features (The Standish Group, 2004; The Standish Group, 2007). Possible causes for these findings are the size and expense of large projects, a return to traditional development practices on large projects (Boddy, 1993), the absence of user involvement (Turner & Cochrane, 1993; Akbulut & Motwani, 2005), and lack of executive support (Munns & Bjeirmi, 1996). Thus, scope management is regarded as a key area of successful project management in practice (Hayes, 2004). Although some project failures are because of technical reasons, most are directly related to the failure of stakeholders to embrace the principles of good project management (Jurison, 1999). As part of the project management process, project teams must understand the standards to which their projects are being held in order to ensure that project performance is emphasized appropriately (Crawford, 2005). The Field Guide to Project Management (Cleland, 2004) suggests that project management should be an easy sell to organizations because it enhances business performance and increases revenue. An organization can manage project effectively by identifying its goals in applying project management principles (Aladwani, 2002). For most organizations, these goals are to apply a proven practice, optimize resources, serve customer needs and save time and money (Turner & Cochrane, 1993). …

What are the drivers and conditions of South Korea’s defense industry development? What makes South Korea’s growth experience unique? Departing from recent headlines that focus on increasing arms exports, this paper re-visits the key internal and external drivers of defense industry development to unpack what defense industry success entails. The goal is to offer a more nuanced account of the political-economic developments by focusing on the role of the government and technonationalism as the internal factors, and the North Korea threat and the ROK-US alliance as the external factors. In totality, these drivers positively influenced the pursuit of South Korea’s defense industry development under a national commitment to self-reliant defense. At times, however, they created tensions from within regarding how to proceed with indigenous arms development and arms exports, which have become vital assets of South Korea’s defense industry today and will continue to shape its future.