Development Of Coastal Areas Research Articles

Morphology of the Cozz moorland - northeastern Libya

Sabkha is spread along the Libyan coast and varies in its forms and sizes. Coastal sabkha is an important and influential morphological phenomenon that can contribute to the development of coastal areas. The aim of this research is to identify the characteristics of the Alkoz Sabkha, to identify how they originate, their water sources and environmental factors affecting their origin and to reach their pros and cons to benefit from them in the development of the region, both in terms of agriculture and in the development of the infrastructure of roads and industrial facilities. The study shows that there are a number of factors that affect the composition of the sabkha soil and its physical and chemical properties. The effect of these factors varies according to the general conditions of the sabkha. 2017 (30.18 hectares) showed that the total area of sabkha decreased by 4.8 hectares, as a result of the intervention of the human factor in the region and the decrease in precipitation.

Ecology-Based Coastal Community Empowerment Innovation in Batu Beriga Village, Central Bangka Regency

The coastal area is a part that is rich in the potential of marine and coastal resources that can be developed properly. Talking about the coast can not be separated from the existence of people living in coastal areas, since long ago people have also depended on the use of natural resources around the coast and the sea. Over time, the lives of coastal communities have deteriorated and until now coastal communities are identically known as marginalized communities. This condition is accompanied by coastal communities who have not been able to manage marine and coastal resources optimally. This is because the touch of knowledge about the use of resource development in coastal areas is very minimal, As a result, the community does not know how to manage the potential of marine and coastal resources that are more effective and innovative. Therefore, the active role and concern of the government can certainly reduce the powerlessness of coastal communities with the limited capabilities that the community has so far so that coastal communities can get out of the state of powerlessness. which is characterized by the condition of marginalized society. The purpose of this research is to analyze how the form of ecological-based coastal community empowerment is, as well as to find out the implications of ecological-based coastal community empowerment programs, and identify what are the opportunities and challenges in ecological-based coastal community empowerment in Batu Beriga Village, Central Bangka Regency. This study uses the concept of empowerment by Jim Ife as the basic foundation of the research. Regarding the concept of empowerment, according to Jim Ife, with regard to community empowerment, it is providing resources, opportunities, and knowledge to residents to improve their abilities. Empowerment is defined as an effort to provide power (empowerment) and strengthening (strengthening) to the community. This concept has a close relationship with two main concepts, namely (power) which means power and (disadvantaged) which means inequality. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with the primary data source coming from unstructured interviews with 15 informants. The informants consisted of 3 village officials, 5 community members, 3 tourism awareness groups in Batu Beriga Village, 2 staff from the Environment and Forestry Service (DLHK) of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, 2 staff from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The results of this study indicate that the empowerment of the Batu Beriga Village community is carried out based on environmental care. The form of community empowerment based on ecology is a manrove planting labor-intensive program. The implication of the program is that it can have a positive impact on social, economic, and environmental aspects, opportunities that occur The results of this study indicate that the empowerment of the Batu Beriga Village community is carried out based on environmental care. The form of community empowerment based on ecology is a manrove planting labor-intensive program. The implication of the program is that it can have a positive impact on social, economic, and environmental aspects, opportunities that occur The results of this study indicate that the empowerment of the Batu Beriga Village community is carried out based on environmental care. The form of community empowerment based on ecology is a manrove planting labor-intensive program. The implication of the program is that it can have a positive impact on social, economic, and environmental aspects, opportunities that occur namely opportunities for mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation and economic recovery opportunities. However, there are challenges such as conflicts of interest, lack of public awareness, and low human resources (HR).

Affirming logistics activities toward minimizing waste in marine products based on omen role in Tegal, Indonesia

Women have an important role in economic development in coastal areas. One of the roles is to process the remaining marine products which are used as side activities to increase the family’ incomes. The processing activities is realized to produce added value products by minimizing marine products waste. this research aims to observe the women role in minimizing of marine products waste based on logistics activities. It is due to limited study mentioned about marine products waste assessment. The used method is quantitative with statistical test is ANOVA. The results show there is significant factor that has correlation with logistics activities. The factors are estimated amount of processed marine products and the daily income. The estimated amount of processed marine products has significant with unsold product that is given to nearest neighbor. Daily income has significant with storage, decrease the products quality, and bad weather. Moreover, by gaining appropriate storage, women have role to add their knowledge about inventory. They can collaborate with interested party to provide sufficient storage. In addition, the good storage can keep the processed marine product quality. The appropriate storage especially cold storage can keep the raw material inventory during bad weather.

Territorial Pattern Evolution and Its Comprehensive Carrying Capacity Evaluation in the Coastal Area of Beibu Gulf, China.

Changes in the territorial pattern of the Beibu Gulf, an environmentally sensitive and ecologically fragile area in China, will directly or indirectly affect the regional ecological environment, while profoundly influencing economic development and human well-being. Therefore, it is significant to understand the ecological response in the process of territorial space changes in the Beibu Gulf to promote the coordination between sea and land and sustainable regional development. This paper used remote sensing image interpretation to generate land-use maps in 2000, 2010 and 2020, and then analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of the territorial pattern of the Beibu Gulf from 2000 to 2020. Finally, this paper proposed a comprehensive carrying capacity evaluation system and explored the spatial functional zones of the coastal areas of the Beibu Gulf. The results showed that the demand for urban development and ecological protection between 2000 and 2020 increased built-up land and forestland by 386.71% and 25.56%, respectively, and reduced farmland by 28.33%. There was significant spatial heterogeneity in various land-use types. Where forestland is mainly distributed in the west, farmland is mainly distributed in the east, wetland is mainly distributed in the south, and orchards are spread throughout the whole area. The evaluation results of land resources, water resources and ecological conditions in the Beibu Gulf area showed that its comprehensive carrying capacity was high in the south and low in the north, and high in the west and low in the east. On this basis, this paper considered the actual situation of natural resources, ecological conditions, socio-economic development, protection and development in coastal areas; divided the study area into four categories: developed areas, priority development areas, ecological reserve areas and coastal reserve areas; and put forward corresponding control suggestions. The results of this paper could provide a scientific basis for regional development and territorial spatial planning in the coastal areas.

Spatial-Temporal Effect of Sea–Land Gradient on Land Use Change in Coastal Zone: A Case Study of Dalian City

Geographically, the coastal zone is a unit where the marine system and the terrestrial system intersect and have the closest relationship with human survival and development. The study of coastal-zone land use change is therefore of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of coastal areas in terms of resources and environment. However, the relationship between urban land use change and distance from the coastline is indeterminate in current research. This paper aims to assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of coastal land use change with the sea–land gradient, as well as to reveal the role of coastal ecosystems. The indices of the dynamic index, net transfer matrix, and aggregation index were measured in different coastal buffer zones quantitatively. A case study of Dalian between 2000 and 2015 indicates that Dalian’s urban construction land is distributed among the coastal zones with a high total and fast growth rate. The land use conversion direction varies significantly between different buffer zones, with [0, 2.5] km tilted mainly towards urban types and [10, Max] km tilted mainly towards rural areas. The aggregation of land use structure in Dalian fluctuated and increased year by year. As the distance from the coastline gets closer, land use is going to get more diverse.

Blue bonds for marine conservation and a sustainable ocean economy: Status, trends, and insights from green bonds

Amid funding shortfalls to address ongoing ocean degradation, blue bonds are being designed to finance sustainable development and conservation projects in ocean and coastal areas via private sector investment. Blue bonds seek to deliver both positive environmental and/or social impact alongside a financial return on investment to investors. However, there has been limited academic scrutiny of these early initiatives to evaluate whether this rhetoric is justified. This article leverages 15-years of scholarship on green bonds to develop an analytical framework that is applied to five of the world’s first blue bonds. A comprehensive content analysis of sources such as blue bond project documents and secondary interviews is used to synthesise their characteristics, and consider trends related to their thematic scope, geographical scope, environmental impacts, and financial returns. Thematically, blue bond proceeds are channelled towards projects aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 ‘Life Below Water’, the Blue Economy, and policy discourse around the ‘blue recovery’ from covid-19. These projects range from marine protected area (MPA) creation, to improved fisheries management, and potentially, oil and gas exploration. However, greater explanation of the logic through which project activities are expected to deliver impact and returns is warranted. Equally, impact measurement is often underwhelming, with many bonds targeting easy-to-measure outputs (e.g., area conserved) rather than outcomes and impacts (e.g., increases in fish abundance). While an alluring and useful financial innovation, greater disclosure on the individual projects and enterprises that blue bonds finance is necessary to validate their sustainability credentials and inform investor decision making.

Does flood protection affect urban expansion in the coastal flood-prone area of China?

Understanding the characteristics of urbanization under different flood protection levels is vital for sustainable development in coastal flood-prone areas (CFAs). However, little is known about the potential divergences of coastal urbanization across different flood protection levels in the CFAs of China. To fill this research gap, this study investigated the spatio-temporal changes of urban land expansion in Chinese CFAs and explored their relationships with flood protection levels during 2000–2020. It was found that in 2020, the urban lands accounted for 16.35% of the CFAs, 1.81 times that of the non-CFAs (9.04%). The urban lands increased rapidly in the CFAs across all flood protection levels, with an average annual change rate of 6.51%, which was 2.17 times that of non-CFAs (3.00%) and 3.68 times that of the exposed population growth rate (1.77%). Particularly in counties with low flood protection levels (<50 years), the urban lands expanded by 9.40% annually, 1.44 times that of the whole CFAs; moreover, a large portion (39.58%) of the new urban lands were reclaimed from sea waters. These findings suggest that special attention should be paid to coastal landscape changes in the areas of low flood protection levels to reduce flood risk and ensure sustainable cities and communities. Flood adaptation strategies should be applied to include conserving the coastal ecosystem.

Evaluation of Regional Rural e-Commerce Development Potential with Intuitive Fuzzy Information Theory

In recent years, China’s Internet industry has developed rapidly, and the Internet has penetrated into all aspects of people’s daily lives. As an emerging transaction model, rural e-commerce is an important channel for precise poverty alleviation. To be specific, rural e-commerce can greatly change the lives of rural people in one way or other ways, thus allowing rural consumers to purchase high-quality and inexpensive goods without having to leave home. In other words, the introduction of national e-commerce into rural areas has changed the lifestyle of rural residents, providing them with great convenience in their daily lives. According to statistics, the level of rural e-commerce development in coastal areas is much higher than that in the mainland, while inland areas are hesitant to develop. Rural areas are a crucial component of Chinese society, and the rural economy is also the main driving force of China’s agricultural economy. In an environment where e-commerce is gradually penetrating various fields, the development of rural e-commerce in China has become more urgent with the new and growing rural demand. To be specific, the development of rural e-commerce has become a hot topic in recent years, and it is necessary to gather efforts from all sides to explore and innovate, so as to promote the healthy and orderly growth of rural e-commerce in China. As one of the effective ways to solve the problems of agricultural industry development and farmers’ affluence, rural e-commerce has played an increasingly obvious role in industrial development, poverty alleviation, employment, and solving the problems of selling agricultural products. At the same time, the proportion of national online sales of agricultural products is also increasing year by year. Many rural areas have abundant natural resources, rich history and culture, and a pleasant ecological environment. As a result, a great number of rural areas are well suited for e-commerce development in terms of the overall environment and physical resources. In recent years, the development of rural e-commerce in China has been very rapid, but it has also revealed many problems. Therefore, an in-depth study of the regional factors affecting the development of rural e-commerce is helpful to provide a reference for its better development. Based on the analysis of the current situation of rural e-commerce development, this study collects and organizes the indexes of influencing factors of rural e-commerce. The index system of influencing factors of rural e-commerce development is constructed through data collection and so on. After that, this study adopts the regional fuzzy information theory to evaluate the potential of rural e-commerce development, so as to obtain the main influencing factors of rural e-commerce development.

Coastal fishery stakeholders’ perceptions, motivation, and trust regarding maritime spatial planning and regional development: The case in the Bothnian Sea of the northern Baltic Sea

The European Union (EU) promotes a sustainable blue economy in the coastal and marine regions. In Finland, the regional development objectives are defined at the national and regional levels. Maritime spatial planning (MSP) is a tool to reconcile the sea’s different uses. This study considers developing collaborative practices in regional planning to help meet regional development objectives. The MSP participants representing the coastal fishery (fishing and fish farming) in the Satakunta region, Finland, exemplify a local stakeholder group. Coastal fishery is a demanding and highly regulated livelihood, with the potential to grow as local food is trending. A mixed-method approach was used to examine MSP participants’ and fishery experts’ perceptions about regional cooperation and the MSP process. The semi-structured interviews focused on three main themes: regional cooperation and synergies, conflicts and threats, and interest in regional collaboration or establishing secondary businesses. Questionnaires 2019 and 2021 examined stakeholders’ engagement (intrinsic motivation) and social trust towards the planners in the MSP process. The need to tackle the challenges of coastal fishery dictates coastal fishery participants’ perceptions regarding the fishery business’s development in a regional context. Despite the collaborative approach, the first Finnish MSP round did not make a significant difference in the coastal fishery’s status as a stakeholder group. MSP processes and developing the sustainable blue economy are part of the regional development framework, requiring a level playing field and mutual trust among stakeholders. The regional development of marine and coastal areas would benefit from a joint forum for stakeholder interaction built upon MSP. Collaboration could strengthen the integrative and comprehensive management of sea uses and resources.

Evaluation and Spatial Equilibrium Analysis of High-Quality Development Level in Mainland China Considering Water Constraints

Water resources are indispensable to human society. High-quality development (HQD) is a multi-faceted, demanding, and sustainable pattern. High-quality development level (HQDL) is an indicator of regional development. Its quantitative calculation is helpful to intuitively understand the current regional development situation, and helps departments make timely adjustments. Spatial equilibrium degree (SED) reflects the development balance among regions. Understanding spatial equilibrium can clarify regional development differences, promote the sharing of successful experiences, and then achieve common progress. Considering the current development and utilization situation of China’s water resources, this study established an improved evaluation index system for HQDL, under water resources constraints. Then, we applied the proposed “single index quantification and multiple index synthesis and poly-criteria integration (SMI-P)” method to quantitatively evaluate the HQDL of China’s 31 provincial-level administrative regions (PLARs), from 2010 to 2019. Finally, the calculation method of SED was employed to assess the SED of indicators and HQD in Mainland China. Results show that: (1) the HQDL of 31 PLARs showed a steady upward trend from 2010 to 2019. There were decrease tendencies from the coast to inland, and southeast to northwest in terms of spatial distribution, which shows that China’s HQD has achieved remarkable results in the past 10 years, and the development of coastal areas is better; (2) The SED of HQD displayed a slow upward trend, and it has remained relatively stable after 2015, indicating that the spatial difference of HQD continued to shrink before 2015 and was relatively stable after that; (3) Water resource constraints played a significant role in well-developed areas, while the economic and social level was still the main constraint in medium and poor level areas. In addition, the spatiotemporal variation of HQDL, SED of HQD and indicators, and constraint effects of water resources on regional HQD, were fully discussed. Our findings not only provide new ideas for future research on HQD, but also possess great significance to China’s HQD in the new era.

Utilization of Coastal Resources as Livestock Areas in Konawe Islands Regency

The development of industrial-based livestock in coastal areas is an alternative in supporting domestic meat sufficiency, especially in the Konawe Islands Regency. Coastal areas have quite diverse potential in the tourism, plantation, food crop agriculture and livestock resources sectors. This study aims to analyze the potential of local feed resources based on by-products of food crops to support the development of coastal areas as livestock areas in the Konawe Islands Regency using an analysis of livestock carrying capacity based on the by-products of food crops with the data used in the form of secondary data in 2022. The results of the study showed that the carrying capacity of livestock based on by-products of food crops, namely adult cattle amounted to 1,317.64 livestock units (LU), young cattle 2,745.59 LU, and calf cattle 5,982.92 LU. The results of this study can be concluded that in order to provide animal feed throughout the year for livestock needs, it is possible to utilize local sources of feed originating from food crops.

Temporal-spatial change of China's coastal ecosystems health and driving factors analysis

Understanding the spatial distribution pattern change and driving factors behind ecosystem health is essential to ecosystem management and restoration. However, in the research of regional ecosystem health, there is little research on ecosystem health in coastal regions, and there is little exploration of its temporal and spatial pattern change and its driving factors. In this study, we use the Vigor-Organization-Resilience-Services (VORS) model and marine ecosystem health index to diagnose the ecosystem health of the whole coastal area of China over the last 20 years, and find the main contributing factors affecting ecosystem health with the help of geographic detectors and geographic weighted regression analysis. Our results show that: (1) the ecosystem health level in the south of the coastal region is higher than that in the north, mainly with 30° north latitude as the main dividing line. (2) The regions with high change rate are mainly concentrated in Bohai Bay, the Yangtze River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay and the Pearl River Estuary, and the change is mainly negative. (3) Both natural and human factors have an impact on ecosystem health, and the influencing factors are different on different scales. The interaction between different factors is greater than the impact of a single factor on ecosystem health. The study puts forward a new evaluation framework for the study of ecosystem health in coastal areas, which can be applied to other coastal areas with similar conditions, and can help the sustainable and healthy development of coastal areas.

Hydrochemical Evolution and Nitrogen Behaviors in Coastal Groundwater Suffered From Seawater Intrusion and Anthropogenic Inputs

Coastal aquifers play key roles in providing freshwater resources to maintain the social and economic development in coastal areas. However, climate change and human activities have dramatically affected the quantities and qualities of groundwater in coastal aquifers. In this study, stoichiometric analysis of hydrogeochemistry, multivariate analysis, and isotopic trancing techniques were used to reveal the local hydrochemistry characteristics, the natural and anthropogenic origins, and the major hydrochemical evolution in a typical coastal aquifer located in the Pearl River estuary. According to hydrogeological conditions and groundwater burial conditions, the aquifer was divided into three zones, namely, semiconfined fissure groundwater (SFGW), recharged fissure groundwater (RFGW), and porous medium groundwater (PGW). Seawater intrusion, ion exchange, water–rock reaction, and human activities were the main controlling factors affecting the characteristics of groundwater, but there were significant differences in the main controlling effects of different zones. Among them, the samples from the SFGW was severely affected by seawater intrusion, and the contributions of seawater ranged from 6% to 97%. Obvious cation exchange process occurred during the seawater intrusion. The hydrochemical characteristics of the PGW and the RFGW were mainly controlled by water–rock interaction. In addition, human activities had further influence on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater, which resulted in elevated nitrate–nitrogen (NO3−–N). The mean NO3–N concentrations in the PGW and the SFGW were 6.58 and 3.07 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the δ15N–NO3− and δ18O–NO3− values in these two regions ranged from +2.35‰ to +27.54‰ and from +0.39‰ to +18.95‰, respectively, indicating that the anthropogenic input contributed to the increased nitrate. Redox analysis and dual nitrogen isotopic evidence indicated that denitrification was the predominant biogeochemical process in the PGW and the RFGW. This study highlights the impacts of seawater intrusion and anthropogenic inputs on hydrochemical evolution and nitrogen behaviors in coastal groundwater, which provides a scientific basis for the management of groundwater resources in coastal aquifers.

Identifying the characteristics and potential risk of seawater intrusion for southern China by the SBM-DEA model

Seawater intrusion (SWI) seriously affects the economic development of coastal areas in southern China, and understanding its mechanisms is the basis for effective control of SWI. Hydrogeochemical methods and slack-based measurement data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) are used to study the characteristics and potential risk of SWI in coastal cities of southern China. Types and distribution of SWI, coastal groundwater evolution, geological-geographic and economic threatens of SWI, potential SWI risk, and environmental management recommendations are explored. The results show that the intrusion areas of Zhejiang and Guangdong account for 94.1 % of the total intrusion area of southern China, and the intrusion degree in Zhejiang is the highest, followed by Guangdong and Fujian. SWI is prone to occur on the sandy and silty coasts of the plain area of southern China; it accelerates the groundwater evolution speed and shortens the evolution path. SBM-DEA can be well applied to evaluate the potential risk of SWI events, and the results indicate a noticeable difference in the environmental performance level of coastal cities in southern China. The low environmental performance level (<0.3) and severe SWI of Taizhou and Zhanjiang indicate that SWI gradually worsens with economic development. In contrast, the high environmental performance level (>0.7) and low SWI of Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Shantou, and Beihai indicate that the potential risk of SWI is gradually decreasing. Moreover, this study confirms that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon exists in SWI events for southern China, and SWI-EKC indicates that the urban development of south China is approaching maturity. The specific case of SWI and EPL in coastal cities of south China jointly indicates that optimizing industrial structure, implementing a resources management policy, and improving citizens' environmental awareness are fundamental measures to resolve the contradiction between economic development and environmental problems.

Including traditional knowledge in coastal policymaking: Yaldad bay (Chiloé, southern Chile) as a case study

In this article, we describe the perception and identification of ecosystem services (ES) by people from traditional cultures (Huilliches) living in the Yaldad bay (Chiloé, southern Chile). We analyzed the temporal changes of ES through their description by children, their parents’ memories, and current perceptions. We conducted the analysis using a transdisciplinary approach, employing four methods (qualitative: children’s cognitive cartography, teacher’s survey, parent’s focus group, and quantitative: a social-ecological survey). Results show a loss of cultural services in the adults and the perception that natural resources are scarcer than five years ago. We discuss our findings in terms of current Chilean coastal zone policies, proposing that although there have been some advances, they still are insufficient to ensure a contextual socio-cultural development in coastal areas of southern Chile.

ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF TANGGAMUS REGENCY, LAMPUNG PROVINCE (CASE STUDY: TELUK KILUAN)

This research was conducted to identify the potential of ecotourism in Tanggamus district in optimizing the role of tourism in the economy and community welfare, it is necessary to develop a sustainable tourism development based on an adequate understanding of the characteristics, conditions and constraints faced by tourism business actors. This development needs to be supported by appropriate financing and investment schemes. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive method with an inductive approach or solving existing problems and finding a complete understanding of the object being observed with research, as well as collecting data through direct observations made by researchers on 25-28 February 2022, interviews and documentation. In collecting qualitative data, the author conducted interviews with 20 informants using the snowball method consisting of the Head of the Tourism and Culture in Tanggamus Regency, Communities around tourist objects, tourists, managers, and MSME business actors. The development of tourist areas has not involved stakeholders outside the village, such as universities and the private sector. The absence of regulations on the management of ecotourism areas, the lack of budget allocations, the absence of a uniform cost system related to entrance tickets and profit sharing between the village and the manager, the opportunistic behavior of a small part of the community are institutional obstacles in the development of the ecotourism area. Based on the results of the study in this study, the proposed development of coastal ecotourism areas is sustainable tourism, which involves local governments, the private sector, academics, local communities, and the mass media.

Demographic and Trophic Analysis of Adult Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) from Living Shoreline and Natural Tidal Marshes in the Chesapeake Bay

With extensive and ongoing human development in coastal areas, effective shoreline-protection strategies against erosion and rising sea level that also provide natural ecosystem services will become increasingly important. Constructed living shoreline marshes can serve as successful management solutions when implemented correctly, but studies comparing these created estuarine habitats to their natural marsh counterparts are needed to assess their ecological functionality. We compared adult Palaemonetes pugio (Daggerblade Grass Shrimp) population demographics and diets from 13 pairs of living shoreline and natural marsh sites in the southwestern portion of the Chesapeake Bay. No significant differences were observed in demographics including abundance, weight, length, number of gravid females, and egg abundance and quality. Gut-content analysis detected significantly more terrestrial debris in shrimp from living shorelines, but the omnivorous dietary needs appeared met in all marsh sites. Overall, shrimp populations differed more among site pairs from different shorescape settings than between created and natural marshes from the same settings, suggesting that living shorelines are approaching ecosystem functionality similar to natural marsh habitats. However, the observed negative effect of agricultural land use on shrimp abundance and the discovery of microplastics in gut contents from all sites sampled indicate the need for further consideration of human impacts in both constructed and natural coastal habitats.

Sustainability Assessment of the Societal Costs of Fishing Activities in a Deliberative Perspective

Assessing the social cost of fisheries is generally seen as a matter of how to monetize the components of fisheries. This paper presents an assessment of the societal cost of fishing activities, seen as a social process that is expected to contribute to the better management of aquatic resources, affecting sustainable development in coastal areas around the world. The originality of this article lies in considering the sustainability assessment from a deliberative perspective. It aims at defining the types of guiding concepts, frameworks, and information sets that might be appropriate for decision support, as we enlarge our scope of concern from fisheries to the ecosystems of eco-regions in the long term. In defining the societal cost of fisheries, through interviews, the objective is, first of all, to identify the social effects (positive and negative) of fishing métiers. By comparing fishing activities in a multi-criteria and multi-actor analysis, this evaluation is intended as a means for the actors to express in different ways (scientific indicators, institutional objectives, etc.) their judgment regarding the sustainability of the fishing profession. This analysis is the basis for defining the methods of monetizing these effects in different eco-regions (West African coastal upwelling and the deltas of Southeast Asia).

Silica removal at sewage treatment plants causes new silica deficiency

The dissolved silicate (DSi) concentration in coastal waters has decreased due to anthropogenic activities. Many studies have indicated that dam construction is a main reason for this reduction. However, recently, dam construction alone has not been sufficient to explain the DSi reduction in some coastal waters. In this study, we focused on silica removal at sewage treatment plants (STPs). DSi and particulate silica (PSi) concentrations were measured in STP influent and effluent waters from September 2020 to September 2021. Dissolution experiments on PSi were also conducted to estimate the fraction of soluble PSi in the STP influent. DSi and PSi were removed by 29.5% and 96.9%, respectively, at the STP. In addition, the soluble PSi in the STP influent accounted for 20.3% of the PSi removed. Therefore, in addition to the DSi removal in STPs, removal of soluble PSi can also cause potential DSi depletion in downstream and coastal waters. In addition to the effect of dams, the silica supply delivered to coastal waters may be further reduced in the future due to the progress of sewage treatment development in coastal areas.

Method of cost-effectiveness-based total maximum allocated load index and measures of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants on jurisdictions in Jiangsu coast, China

Cost-effective total maximum allocated load (TMAL) management of land-based pollutants is required to promote sustainable and healthy development of coastal areas. For the high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants and the deterioration in water quality in the coastal waters of Jiangsu Province, China, the TMALs of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) pollutants within jurisdictions were calculated using a cost-efficiency optimization calculation method with a 3D hydrodynamic water quality model. This method is suitable for collaborative pollution prevention and land–sea integration management in coastal areas. Our calculation results showed that the emission TMALs of TN and TP in 43 jurisdictions near the coast of Jiangsu Province were approximately 8.6 × 104 and 0.8 × 104 ton/a, respectively, and the source TMALs were 55.8 × 104 and 14.9 × 104 ton/a, respectively. The high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in these waters were caused mainly by Yancheng, Suqian and Lianyungang City. The average responsibility sharing rates (the responsibility sharing of land-based over-pressured administrative areas to marine pollution areas) of these three cities were 48.3%, 23.4%, and 12.2%, respectively. Regarding over-pressured administrative areas (the administrative regions where the discharge exceeds the allocation capacity), we suggest pollution prevention and technical control measures based on the cost-effectiveness optimization method. First, source control should be strengthened, including the control of industrial point source and agricultural nonpoint source pollution, which account for approximately 77.3% of total reduction. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the municipal wastewater collection and treatment system, which accounts for approximately 16.3% of total reduction. Further, it is necessary to perform wetland ecological restoration and implement capacity-increasing measures, which account for approximately 6.4% of total reduction. The cost-effectiveness optimization calculation method for the technical indicators of collaborative prevention and control of coastal pollution provides a scientific quantitative basis suitable for global coastal pollution control.