Development Joint Venture Research Articles

Establishing partnerships for rural development

Over the last three decades partnership development among various groups has been increasingly encouraged as means to stimulate development in rural areas. Nevertheless, despite the support given to partnerships between organizations, critics question their effectiveness and the economic endeavours to stimulate local development are contested. Consequently, our study seeks to investigate what are the economic and organizational conditions that influence consideration when joining a local partnership but also the main constraints and individual motivation to develop cooperative behaviour. The analysis shows that while there is openness in creating or developing joint ventures, the availability of financial resources, lack of strategic planning, lack of communication and trust are factors that can have significant influence on the effectiveness of the partnership and consequently on its contribution to the local development.

A comprehensive overview of geopolymer composites: A bibliometric analysis and literature review

Cement is the main component of concrete, a widely used building material. Cement production requires substantial energy, exhausts natural resources, and causes CO2 emissions. Efforts are being undertaken to develop a concrete binder instead of cement. Geopolymer composite (GPC) is developed as a potential new building material, offering a clean alternative for construction sustainability. This study accumulated extensive bibliometric data on GPC from the Scopus database and conducted a scientometric analysis employing an appropriate software. The leading sources of publications, highly used keywords in the published articles, writers and papers with the highest citations, and active regions were all identified in the scientometric analysis. Manual reviews are unable to deal with the vast bibliometric data effectively. Additionally, this study covers the most crucial research concerns and shortcomings in existing research about GPC adoption and application. Lastly, further research guidelines are suggested. The scientometric review will assist academics from various states to exchange innovative ideas and expertize, encourage collaborative research, and develop joint ventures.

Urban Poverty Alleviation Endeavor Through E-Warong Program: Smart City (Smart People) Concept Initiative in Yogyakarta

In the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, technology became a factor that could contribute significantly to improving the quality of life and welfare of the people of a nation. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) penetration through Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) which are disruptively, has led to fundamental advances in civilization. The expansion of Industrial Revolution 4.0 has also changed the pattern of government and citizen relations which has implications for the needs of policy governance and internal government transformation. One of them is a change in social welfare development policies, where government officials are required to be responsive to social dynamics that have consequences for increasing demands for public accountability and transparency. This paper aims to elaborate on the e-Warong program as one of the breakthroughs to reduce poverty by utilizing digital technology. E-Warong (electronic mutual cooperation shop) is an Indonesian government program based on the empowerment of the poor Grass Root Innovation (GRI) with an approach to building group awareness in encouraging the independence of the poor to develop joint ventures through mutual cooperation with utilizing ICT advantages. This program is an implementation of the Smart City concept, especially Smart Economy, within the Sustainable Development Goals framework.

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor; Prospects and Challenges for Balochistan, Pakistan.

Balochistan is rich in natural resource but due to the extremely harsh geographical environment and under-developed civil infrastructure (including roads, energy and water supplies), these natural resources could not have been tapped adequately in the past. With the launch of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (C-PEC), there are ample opportunities for the exploitation of these resources that are expected to pave the way for unprecedented economic activities in Balochistan. From the perspective of natural resources these activities include, but not limited to, development and management of water resource, mining of coal and minerals, exploration of unexplored hydrocarbons, exploitation of dimension stones and construction material, and the establishment of related and subsidiary industries. All these activities require human resource development, better health, and educational facilities especially institution for technical and skill development of masses and most importantly the sustainable development of water resources and reservoirs for drinking, municipal and industrial purposes. In this paper key natural resources of Balochistan are identified in the context of their sustainable use under the C-PEC induced development projects. These include water, minerals, hydrocarbons, shale-gas, and coal. Suggestions are presented for a way forward to take maximum advantage of these resources for revenue generation and for the ultimate benefit to the local communities in Balochistan. A large number of mega projects including development of deep-sea Gwadar port, power generation plants, highway construction, and the establishment of special economic zones have been part of the C-PEC and are already being undertaken. However, it appears that small and medium-sized local industries and production units have not been given due attention. It is proposed here that the local people through local bodies may be identified and matched with relevant Chinese counterparts to develop joint ventures. Most of the areas of production and development identified in this paper are those whose products are already being exported to China through Karachi port. Hence the demand for these products in China is already established and need not any further survey. The products proposed in this paper are considered viable as all kinds of transport for C-PEC shall be passing through a large part of Balochistan where these resources occur naturally.

Desa Tani, Penduduk Miskin, Lumbung Padi, dan Layanan Implementatif Perpustakaan Desa di Kecamatan Pamarican Kabupaten Ciamis

This preliminary study aims to explore the initial data on the pilot system development joint venture farmer groups in the form of a granary (granaries famine) in the village. These types of business groups based on local knowledge systems are characterized by togetherness, solidarity, mutual help, and proved resilient in the face of global change. To begin the steps necessary technical-strategic and integrated approach, involving various related elements, such as universities, business entities that exist in the village, community leaders, business groups community, village library, and other elements. The approach used is the field observation and interviews with a number of related elements. The technical measures that do are as follows: (a) explore the initial information through discussions with the community about the problems of rural poverty maps from the aspects of the provision of business training based reading information sources entrepreneurship; (b) study with poor rural communities about the potential for business in the village on the basis of their views and experiences; (c) developing a business model based on the use of reading materials that match the type of business in the village; (d) a discussion on the pilot implementation of a business group based Lumbung Padi village, which proved resistant to global change; and (e) to synergize all activities performed by each of the above elements, in the form of a model village harmony peasants, the poor, granary, and the village library.

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Makanan Tradisional (Studi Kasus Industri Rengginang di Kecamatan Sakra Pusat)

This study aims to determine: 1). How is the implementation of a marketing strategy that has been applied by the industry rengginang players in the Sakra Center district, 2). Any internal and external factors that affect the marketing strategy at industrial rengginang in the Sakra Central District, 3). Alternative marketing strategies such as what is selected by the perpetrators of industrial enterprises rengginang in the Sakra Center district. The research method using a mix of methods. The nature of this research is comparative to come up with new in marketing strategies rengginang in the Sakra Centre District. Data collection instruments using questionnaires. Questionnaire data were analyzed using matrix IFE (2,380), EFE matrix (2.943), IE matrix (0.291 and 0, 288). SWOT analysis produced 8 alternative strategies that can be selected by the company are: 1) Maintain the price and improve product quality to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. 2) Engaging with potential distributor agents to increase market share. 3) Utilize strategic locations to attract potential customers. 4) Create a product with the form and a new taste. 5) carry out the management system of the company's internal organization. 6) Build or rent a kiosk at strategic places to increase sales. 7) Conducting promotional activities and advertising to attract potential customers and expand the marketing area. 8) Build and develop joint ventures (Joint Venture) with those who provide capital and raw materials to increase production capacity. The results of matrix analysis QSPM, from eight strategic alternatives that exist, there is one alternative strategy that prioritized to be done by the company is maintaining prices and improve product quality to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty with TAS score of 6.445.

Environmental predictors of foraging and transit behaviour in flatback turtles Natator depressus

This research was partially supported by Browse LNG Development Joint Venture Participants through the operator Woodside Energy Limited. M.T. was supported by an Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (AIMS/CSIRO/UWA) Collaborative Post-doctoral Fellowship. Part of this work was undertaken for the Marine Biodiversity Hub, a collaborative partnership supported through funding from the Australian Government's National Environmental Science Programme.

An economic valuation of a biotechnology R&D project in a developing economy

Background: Biotechnology complements technological developments in main sectors of economies, such as health, energy, and agriculture, and thus contributes to economic development. It provides solutions to the problems that are frequently faced in developing economies, such as resource constraints, lower productivity and environmental concerns. In order to benefit from biotechnology, its associated markets need to develop and function well to support the developments and transactions of intangible assets, such as technology transfers, license agreements and research and development joint ventures. Economic valuation of the intangible assets is necessary for the development and functioning of these markets. It provides better understanding of value creation at micro scales and its economic and financial dynamics. The literature lacks valuation studies in biotechnology sectors in developing economies. This study performs economic valuation analysis of a research and development project of a Turkish biotechnology company operating in health sector. Turkey, as a developing economy, has slow progress in biotechnology despite its wealth of biological resources and genetic variety. Thus, the study provides an excellent case to analyze valuation issues in developing economies. It uses data from in-depth interviews from the company and employs real options and discounted cash flow (DCF) methods. Results: Developing countries and biotechnology sector introduce additional risks that need to be accounted for in valuation. These risks reduce the value of the project under real options and discounted cash flow methods. Since real options method permits the valuation of options that might arise during the R&D process and provides flexibility to managers to act, it results in higher values compared to discounted cash flow method. The grant from a public institution that partially financed the Project reduces the discount factor and thus increases the value of it. Conclusions: Economic values of biotechnology intangibles in developing countries are affected by country and sector risks and public financing. Thus, both microeconomic and macroeconomic policy interventions are important for the development of biotechnology in these economies. While public financing enables the risky R&D projects to take place, it makes them more valuable than they would be under no intervention. Long run effects of these interventions require diligent analyses.

Understanding Horizontal and Vertical Relations in the Context of Economic Development Joint Venture Agreements

A joint venture agreement is one type of governance mechanism that can be adopted by local governments to address collective action problems. While much of the current research discusses the importance of regional cooperation, few studies explore the type of relations formed with institutional actors in the context of interjurisdictional agreements. The authors address this gap in the literature by investigating the association among the transaction costs of forming an economic development joint venture agreement and two types of relations formed by local governments: horizontal and vertical. The results of a survey of local officials in 12 large metropolitan areas indicate that, depending upon the extent to which coordination, division, or defection problems are perceived to make joint venture agreements difficult to establish, local governments have horizontal and vertical relations. The findings highlight challenges and opportunities for addressing collective action problems and facilitating regional cooperation for economic development.

Joint Ventures, Economic Development Policy, and the Role of Local Governing Institutions

The “rules of the game” embodied in municipal government institutions constrain as well as provide opportunities for local government officials to capture individual benefits related to policy action. Whether the projected benefits of cooperation are localized or community-wide are hypothesized to combine with the political incentives produced under different forms of government to influence the likelihood local officials will enter into an economic development joint venture with other local governments. Analysis pooling survey data from the same cities at two time points provides evidence that prior agreements influence future cooperative actions and that joint ventures are more likely when there are localized benefits combined with mayor—council government, or when broader benefits are pursued under manager—council form of government.

Institutional Collective Action and Economic Development Joint Ventures

There is high interest in economic development efforts involving cooperation or collaboration among metropolitan jurisdictions. To determine why some local governments engage in cooperative agreements while others do not, this paper investigates transaction obstacles, including bargaining, information, agency, enforcement, and division problems. The authors then advance an institutional collective action explanation for intergovernmental cooperation, focusing on the conditions under which these transactions costs are low. This work anticipates that the costs associated with interlocal cooperation are influenced by the demographic characteristics of communities, local political institutions, and the nature of regional government networks. Empirical analysis based on a national survey of local development officials provides support for several predictions from this model and identifies policy variables that, in turn, increase the prospects for cooperation, specifically through the development of informal policy networks.

Gainsharing

In order to improve financial performance, hospitals in the United States are asking orthopaedic surgeons to participate in expense reduction programs. Gainsharing programs propose to offer physicians economic incentives to help hospitals to reduce costs. This essay provides definitions; describes the rationale and history as well as the support for, opposition to, and recent interest in gainsharing; and offers suggestions regarding the use of gainsharing programs to create mutually beneficial partnerships among physicians and hospitals. The genesis for this article was a strategic discussion by the Board of Directors of the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons on December 3, 2005, in Chicago, Illinois. At that meeting David Halsey, MD, William J. Robb III, MD, David Teuscher, MD, David A. Lovett, JD, and Richard N. Peterson, JD, presented information on gainsharing programs to the Board1-5. The opinions and commentary in this essay are solely from the author and do not represent official positions of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons or the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons. The basic concept of gainsharing is that hospitals and physicians work together to save money for hospitals, and hospitals share the savings with physicians. Gainsharing accepts and depends on the principle that physicians are uniquely qualified to improve quality and efficiency in hospitals and reduce waste and cost for hospitals. There is no standard, uniform definition of gainsharing, and a wide range of gainsharing programs have been described. Physician participation in gainsharing may involve the development and implementation of purchasing programs to reduce the hospital cost of supplies, devices, implants, and drugs. This activity directly reduces hospital costs. Physicians can also participate in multidisciplinary, cooperative hospital activities, such as developing clinical pathways, managing departmental budgets, directing supply-chain management programs, developing joint ventures for subspecialty care, building hospital pharmacy formularies, administering …

Innovation for globalisation or globalisation of innovation Sasol in the chemical industry during the 1990s

In the 1990s Sasol became a global player in the chemical industry. At the same time the company began to reduce its dependence on coal as a feedstock turning to natural gas and developing joint ventures with foreign oil companies. For Sasol the 1990s was a decade of far reaching change in both technology and in the scale of its international operations as it expanded from its original petroleum basis into the development of related chemical products.

Sustaining the Edge: Factors Influencing Strategy Selection in Academic Health Centers

Competition within the acute care sector as well as increased penetration by managed care organizations has influenced the structure and role of academic health centers during the past decade. The market factors confronting academic health centers are not dissimilar from conditions that confront other organizations competing in mature industries characterized by declining profitability and intense rivalry for market share. When confronted with intense competition or adverse external events, organizations in other industries have responded to potential threats by forming alliances, developing joint ventures, or merging with another firm to maintain their competitive advantage. Although mergers and acquisitions dominated the strategic landscape in the healthcare industry during the past decade, recent evidence suggests that other types of strategic ventures may offer similar economic and contracting benefits to member organizations. Academic health centers have traditionally been involved in network relationships with multiple partners via their shared technology, collaborative research, and joint educational endeavors. These quasi-organizational relationships appear to have provided a framework for strategic decisions and allowed executives of academic health centers to select strategies that were competitive yet closely aligned with their organizational mission. The analysis of factors that influenced strategy selection by executives of academic health centers suggests a deliberate and methodical approach to achieving market share objectives, expanding managed care contracts, and developing physician networks.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF GORGON AREA GAS

Australia will increasingly need to turn to natural gas to offset declining oil production and meet an expanding global need for clean energy. The Gorgon Development Joint Venture Participants, (ChevronTexaco/Exxon- Mobil/Shell), are poised to develop the significant Gorgon gas reserves located 130 km offshore the North West Australian coast to help fulfil this need.The Gorgon Development has access to extensive proved reserves of 13.8 Tcf and a development plan that can supply gas to a Barrow Island landfall at world competitive prices. Several concepts are being considered for development of the Gorgon reserves.Technology will play a key role, with the extensive use of subsea production facilities and innovative LNG design concepts being considered.The focus is on a design that would have a low unit cost and also provide new benchmarks in safety and environmental performance. The development of the Gorgon reserves could also facilitate the establishment of other gas-based industries in Western Australia and offers the opportunity for new gas-to-liquid (GTL) plants to lead Australia’s transition to a gas-based economy.The Gorgon Development is expected to attract nearly A$4 billion investment for an LNG development and a further A$2 billion for a major industrial gas consumer. Total export income could reach A$2,500 million per year for 30 years.

Structuring development joint ventures

AbstractThis paper outlines how capitalisation of real estate has changed in the last 20 years, especially for development projects. Capital providers have also changed, and the type of provider generally indicates the level of acceptable risk tolerance for a transaction. The paper looks at the different structures used by developers and capital sources in structuring development transactions, which includes the advantages and disadvantages of each structure. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications

Auditing of state-owned enterprises in China: historic development, current practice and emerging issues

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a pivotal role in the Chinese economy. Together, they manage over 50% of China's national capital. With China steadily moving towards a market economy, SOEs increasingly are given the latitude to seek external funding, develop joint ventures and more generally, to operate without direct government involvement. This separation of ownership and management, in turn, has increased the need to monitor and control China's SOEs, and audits can play a key role in this oversight function. Despite the potentially important role that SOE audits can play in safeguarding the interests of the state and external investors, there is a relative dearth of research on the current state of, and challenges facing such audits. This paper provides an overview of the historical development of the SOE audit by the Ministry/Department of Finance, and current SOE audit practices performed by the State Audit Administration/Office. The main conclusion of the study is that, with ownership of the SOE being further diversified and the operation of the SOE being completely commercialized (i.e., without any political consideration), the nature of the state audit office as a government agent is incompatible with the role of independent auditor for SOEs. SOEs need a non-government third party to verify its financial statements and audit its business activities to meet the information needs of diversified interest groups in the SOE including the state, individual or institutional investors, creditors and employees etc.

Joint ventures for product development: Learning from experience

Collaboration is increasingly promoted as an effective strategy in dealing with some of the more problematic aspects of the product development process. Yet joint ventures involve significant risks. This article reports on a study of product development joint ventures amongst UK information and communications technology firms and suggests that management practice can lessen the risks of collaborative development. A number of factors are presented as being of particular importance, grouped here into six categories: selecting a partner, establishing the ground rules, setting up a task force, managing the process, ensuring equality and maintaining an external focus.

Observations from the program on chronic mental illness.

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Program on Chronic Mental Illness has come to an end. Launched in December 1986, it was the foundation’s first multisite national venture into mental health care. The program sought to establish improved systems of care for persons with serious and long-term mental disorders in nine major cities across the country. Now, almost six years later, the grant period has ended, and it is time to take stock. The nine demonstration programs are still intact, with more than 250 staff in place at the sites. Throughout the program’s lifetime it received $22.5 million in RWJF grant funds, $9 million in foundation loan funds to stimulate housing development, and 1,200 Section 8 housing certificates, issued by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). One view of the impact of this program is offered by Howard Goldman and his colleagues, based on a formal evaluation funded by RWJF and a consortium of federal agencies.’ But there is another view of the program’s impact: the subjective impressions of the national program office staff and the staff at the nine demonstration sites. This perspective has been enriched by RWJF’s style of grant management, which is to fund a partnership between the national program office (typically in a university) and the demonstration sites. Instead of awarding the grant and coming back later to assess the results, RWJF requires that each demonstration site develop its program in collaboration with the national program staff. The national office maintains constant contact with the sites to monitor progress and solve immediate problems and carries out numerous site visits, with special conferences among the sites and other direct contact as needed. This management style affords the national program staff an intimate view of the demonstration sites and an opportunity to compare them as they face common situations.

Ambulatory Care Research in the VA: Present Status and Recommendations for the Future

The growth of ambulatory care delivery in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been accompanied by increasing interest in and need for ambulatory care research. Results from a national survey of academic general internal medicine units suggest that those that share VA and university affiliation tend to be more successful than those that are unaffiliated. The VA must strive to improve the environment for ambulatory care research. Among other things, this will entail providing adequate protected time to ambulatory care faculty and developing a uniform ambulatory care database to facilitate longitudinal, population-based research. Extended fellowships in ambulatory care and faculty development programs for existing staff will be required to create a core of competent investigators. The VA must also provide increased funding to the Health Services Research and Development and Cooperative Studies programs. Special funding programs targeted to key areas such as quality assurance, medical education, and direct patient care should be established. In addition, the VA should seek to develop joint ventures with other funding agencies for innovative ambulatory care initiatives.