Development Of Theory Research Articles

Hearing the voice of a graduate Indian international student in the United States: Why my voice matters

AbstractThis contribution focuses on the experience of an emerging scholar practitioner within higher education who also identifies as an Indian international doctoral student. By using a scholarly personal narrative, the author has described their life experiences and negotiations as a part of their study abroad journey from India to the United States. Using various student development theories to understand international student experiences, the author has critiqued the use of a western lens and discussed the need for scholarship that allows practitioners to view international student experiences from a different perspective. This piece also discusses the emergence of the Indian student population within the United States over the last few years and calls out the need to have more research in areas that focus on their student experiences, the development of student development theories that allows practitioners to better understand Indian students’ experiences and future implications for international higher education within the United States.

Взаимосвязь билингвального языкового опыта и исполнительных функций: современное состояние исследований

<p style="text-align: justify;">Bilingualism has been claimed to enhance executive functions, as evidenced by studies comparing bilinguals and monolinguals across various executive function tasks. Despite this assertion, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses reveal contradictory findings, challenging the existence of the “bilingual advantage” phenomenon. The variability in results is attributed not to the data obtained but rather to the diverse methodological paradigms utilized across studies. This article analyzes the operationalization of bilingualism and executive functions in contemporary research alongside a critical examination of the theoretical underpinnings linking bilingualism and executive functions. The paper concludes by outlining avenues for future research, emphasizing the necessity for researchers to account for individual bilingualism-related factors and specifics of the executive function tasks. Furthermore, it advocates for the development of new falsifiable theories that suggest testable hypotheses, thus advancing the field's understanding of bilinguals’ executive functioning.</p>

The need for proactive environmental planning in local government: Examining challenges and pathways forward in Indiana

ABSTRACT Many factors, including regulations, community values, and economic and environmental considerations, influence environmental planning decisions. Across the nation, local elected and appointed boards and commissions are responsible for planning and land use regulations. However, few studies have focused on environmental planning through comprehensive and parks and recreation plans. Using Indiana communities as a case study, this research highlights the theory and practice of environmental planning and community development, emphasizing the importance of collaboration and the presence of social capital. Statewide focus groups found that communities integrate varying environmental planning processes into comprehensive and parks and recreation plans. As a result, these plans represent underutilized potential to guide conservation and collaboration. Integrating environmental planning into local government activities is limited by time, political will, and community awareness. As such, communities need continued support and resources to build social capital that leads to engaging with the public, decision-makers, and collaborators in meaningful ways to foster effective environmental planning.

Cameroon and its 21st Century Challenges towards Achieving Sustainable Development: Appraisals and Proposals

Purpose: This study presents an appraisal of some of the dynamics which Cameroon continues to face in the 21st Century in its quest to achieve sustainable. Using various indicia, the study identifies and proffers explanation why the country continues to face surmountable challenges in its pursuit towards achieving sustainable development. To attain this objective, a broad review of published literature was employed using various journal articles, textbooks, internet sources, etc. Methodology: The study adopts a qualitative research methodology in the interpretation of data. These data are both primary and secondary derived from laws, text books, journal articles, reports, working papers and other internet sources. This study adopts an analytical approach in the interpretation of the available data. Findings: The study observes that irrespective of existence of deterrent penal laws, policy formulations from international organization and support from foreign donor institutions, the country is not yet on the path towards sustainably sound environmental practices. Cameroon is engulf in a number of challenges both internal and external, which has accounted for continuous impoverishment of its population, social progress and economic advancement of the country generally. The Study employs the post-colonial and dependency theories of development to justify some of the key findings. The internal challenges revealed in the study ranges from the continuous prevalence of poverty and hunger, corruption and misappropriation, lack of judicial independence, the prevalence of conflicts, environmental degradation and poor enforcement measures. Similarly, this study also found the underlying external challenges to include the Structural Adjustment Programmes, the influence of Foreign Financial Institutions, and neo-colonialism. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study therefore concludes that strengthening enforcement measures, effective implementation of poverty alleviation policies, fight against corruption and misappropriation, and citizen participation can positive contribute to sustainable development in the Cameroon.

On the Continuity Equation in Space–Time Algebra: Multivector Waves, Energy–Momentum Vectors, Diffusion, and a Derivation of Maxwell Equations

Historically and to date, the continuity equation (C.E.) has served as a consistency criterion for the development of physical theories. In this paper, we study the C.E. employing the mathematical framework of space–time algebra (STA), showing how common equations in mathematical physics can be identified and derived from the C.E.’s structure. We show that, in STA, the nabla equation given by the geometric product between the vector derivative operator and a generalized multivector can be identified as a system of scalar and vectorial C.E.—and, thus, another form of the C.E. itself. Associated with this continuity system, decoupling conditions are determined, and a system of wave equations and the generalized analogous quantities to the energy–momentum vectors and the Lorentz force density (and their corresponding C.E.) are constructed. From the symmetry transformations that make the C.E. system’s structure invariant, a system with the structure of Maxwell’s field equations is derived. This indicates that a Maxwellian system can be derived not only from the nabla equation and the generalized continuity system as special cases, but also from the symmetries of the C.E. structure. Upon reduction to well-known simpler quantities, the results found are consistent with the usual STA treatment of electrodynamics and hydrodynamics. The diffusion equation is explored from the continuity system, where it is found that, for decoupled systems with constant or explicitly dependent diffusion coefficients, the absence of external vector sources implies a loss in the diffusion equation structure, transforming it into Helmholtz-like and wave equations.

A Study of Moral Development of Children and Good Habit Formation on Indian Child Rearing Practices Context

Different religious, political, and cultural groups in India hold different opinions on how children should be raised. Given the wide variety of Indian cultures and traditions, it would be unfair to generalise about Indian parenting practices. Each family's unique set of circumstances, including their financial situation, level of education, and life experiences, shape their approach to childrearing. This study has surveyed the existing literature and synthesised theoretical frameworks, drawing attention to the applicability of theories such as Piaget's phases of moral development, Kohlberg's theory of moral development, and Gilligan's ethics of caring in a variety of cultural contexts. With an emphasis on Indian child-rearing techniques, this study investigates how family dynamics, cultural values, and socio-economic factors impact children's ethical thinking and behaviour. Important topics covered include how moral principles are passed down through families and communities, how religious teachings are included into the process of ethical development, and how digital media influences the way moral decisions are made. Aiming to promote moral reasoning and positive habit formation in children, the article also evaluated empirical studies and meta-analyses that highlight beneficial educational interventions and parenting techniques. The findings from this review states that children are fed with cultural learnings; however, this method does seems to be always positive and moral development of children and good habit formation among them is very important.

Analysis of the Multi Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) Method in Determining Pilot Areas at PT. XYZ

This research analyzes the application of the Multi Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method model in determining the Pilot Area at PT XYZ. This method is used to evaluate various performance criteria, including customer satisfaction, productivity, service quality, and operational efficiency. Currently, the Pilot Area assessment and selection process at PT XYZ is still done manually, which causes a lack of accuracy and efficiency. MOORA was chosen for its ability to handle multi-criteria decision-making problems more systematically and objectively. The analysis results showed that Alternative Area 7 obtained the highest final score of 0.39, placing it as an area with superior performance. The application of MOORA is proven to improve accuracy and efficiency in the Pilot Area determination process, providing a more objective basis for decision-making. By using MOORA, PT XYZ can evaluate area performance more comprehensively and accountably. This research recommends that PT XYZ implement the MOORA method thoroughly and conduct periodic evaluations of the methods used. For theory development, PT XYZ can add specific evaluation criteria according to company needs. The implementation of these suggestions is expected to improve the quality of service and competitiveness of PT XYZ in the global market. Further research is expected to compare MOORA with other methods to strengthen the validity of the results. Thus, this research not only provides a practical contribution to PT XYZ but also adds academic insight into the application of multi-criteria optimization methods in the context of performance management and service improvement.

Characteristics of concurrent flame spread over convex charring materials

In real forest fire scenarios, there are a large number of convex and concave terrains at the junction of flat land and slopes. In this paper, a typical charring material, kraft paper, is selected as the experimental sample, and the variation law of key characteristic parameters of flame spread over convex solid surface are investigated. The experimental results show that all the flame spread processes have obvious deceleration behaviors, and the influence mechanism of flame tangent angle on the flame spread deceleration of convex surfaces is revealed. The characteristic length of the pyrolysis zone shows a tendency of increasing and then decreasing with time. The variation curves of radiant heat flux present two peaks. Combining with the characteristic length, the reason for the occurrence of two peaks is explained. The exponential relationship between the instantaneous mass loss rate and the characteristic length of the pyrolysis zone is obtained. Based on the range of power exponents, the heat transfer controlling mechanism in the pyrolysis zone is classified into three categories for all the working conditions. Moreover, a piecewise power-law relationship between the dimensionless maximum flame height and the dimensionless heat release rate is established. The results of this study will fill the research gap of flame spread of solid materials with curved surfaces, and will be of great academic value for the improvement and development of theories on building and forest fire safety.

Development and Application of Modern Intelligent Control Theory

Modern intelligent control theory has experienced multi-stage development from classical control to fuzzy control, neural networks, and model predictive control, which not only improves the flexibility and adaptability of control systems but also promotes interdisciplinary research. With the advancement of science and technology and social development, intelligent control theory will be further combined with machine learning, big data, and other fields in the future to promote industrial automation and technological innovation. This article reviews the development history of modern intelligent control theory, its main theories, and its applications in robot manufacturing, power electronics, and other fields. It also discusses the current challenges and future development trends in the field of intelligent control.

Friendship Network and School Socialization Correlates of Adolescent Ethnic-Racial Identity Development.

Ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development is consequential for youth adjustment and includes exploration, resolution, and affect about the meaning of one's ethnic-racial group membership. Little is known about how identity-relevant experiences, such as ethnic-racial socialization and discrimination in peer relationships and school contexts, catalyze adolescent ERI development. The present study examines how identity-relevant experiences in friend and school contexts (i.e., proportion of same-ethnoracial friends, cultural socialization among friends, friends' ERI dimensions, friends' experiences of ethnoracial discrimination, and school promotion of cultural competence and critical consciousness) are associated with ERI development. A multivariate path model with a sample from four southwestern U.S. schools (N = 717; 50.5% girls; Mage = 13.76; 32% Latinx, 31.5% Multiethnic, 25.7% White, 11% other) was used to test these associations. Findings showed that friend and school predictors of ERI did not differ between early and middle adolescents, but significant differences and similarities emerged in some of these associations between ethnoracially minoritized and White youth. Specifically, friend cultural socialization was positively associated with ERI exploration for ethnoracially minoritized youth only, whereas school critical consciousness socialization was positively linked with ERI exploration only for White youth. Friend cultural socialization and friend network's levels of ERI resolution were positively associated with ERI resolution across both ethnoracial groups. These friend and school socialization associations were documented above and beyond significant contributions of personal ethnoracial discrimination to ERI exploration and negative affect for both ethnoracially minoritized and White youth. These findings expand our understanding of how friend and school socialization mechanisms are associated with adolescent ERI development, which is vital to advancing developmental theory and fostering developmental competences for youth to navigate their multicultural yet socially stratified and inequitable world.

Towards a Biologically Coherent Account of the Brain and How It Develops

Different conceptualizations of brain function have different implications for understanding the relation of neuroscience to the study of human development. In one view, the brain is an isolated computational device that passively processes stimuli delivered from an external world and then mediates a response. An alternative view, which is more consistent with the evolutionary history of brains, moves away from simple causal linkages between stimulus and response and instead emphasizes the inherent, ongoing activity of the individual. Here the individual is not directly instructed by information from its environment but instead shapes its own sensory inputs through its goal-directed activity. Related conceptual confusions around instructions and information can be found in accounts of brain development that either fall back on a genetic blueprint or that elevate the role of extrinsic experience. A more coherent approach brings together aspects of developmental and evolutionary biology while drawing on developmental systems theory and particular themes in embodied cognitive science. Such an approach spans qualitatively different frames of explanation across a range of spatiotemporal scales, necessitating a reconsideration of disciplinary boundaries. Fully engaging in this effort can yield a more integrative science of brain, mind, and behavior and an enriched understanding of human development.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОНЯТИЯ «РАЗВИТИЕ»

The article reveals the relevance of the study of development as a paradigm of social psychology, examines the essence of the socio-psychological approach to its understanding. The difficulties that occur in defining the concept, subject, structure and ensuring the formation of modern social psychology are analyzed. The prospects of this industry are connected with their overcoming. The author comes to the conclusion that an important task is to create a general theory of social psychology. The theory of development is an integral part of the named theory, they complement each other. Without this, it is impossible to talk about the effective formation of modern social psychology.

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Etiology, Symptoms, and Treatments

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a type of neuropsychological disorder that targets cognitive development and is often the cause of repetitive behaviors and social disabilities. In the 21st century, multiple research projects and studies have been conducted relating to this disorder. New ideas were published, and more developed theories corresponding to ASD were suggested. This paper reviews the schemes and ideas proposed about ASD in this century using a literature review method and is based on three main aspects: etiology, symptoms, and treatments. Firstly, this paper will elaborate on the various causes of ASD, including genetic, sexual, and parental factors, using recent studies done by professionals. Then, this paper will introduce the numerous symptoms that can be caused by ASD: cognitive and social deficits. Each of these phenomena will be discussed with studies and experiments. Finally, this paper describes how different types of treatments are used to reduce the symptoms of ASD, including applied behavior analysis (ABA), pharmaceutical treatments, and assistive technology (AT). Each of the corresponding treatments is discussed based on their advantages and disadvantages. In conclusion, current research on ASD has yielded some results, while at the same time this area of research requires further development in order to clarify controversial or unclear issues.

Development of management and its impact on medicine and pharmacy

Aim. To study and generalize the main current trends in the theory and practice of management and their impact on the activities of healthcare institutions. Materials and methods. Scientific literature, legislative and regulatory acts, informational websites on the Internet were used. Such methods as the content analysis, comprehensive and systemic approach, structural-logical analysis, generalization, comparison, and grouping were applied. Results. The current trends in management have been systematized and grouped. The role of the development of organizational management theory and practice in changing approaches to management, leadership in forming new requirements for the skills of employees, increasing attention to the human factor, digitalization of management processes, socialization of management, etc., in general and in the healthcare system in particular has been demonstrated. Areas of use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical, clinical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological practice have been identified. The impact of innovative processes on the functioning of pharmaceutical market entities has been characterized. Conclusions. Modern management trends have been analyzed; changes in management concepts and company transformation have been described; the characteristics of contemporary leadership, the implementation of a value-oriented approach, directions for the development of mechanisms for intellectual management and digitalization, and innovative approaches to management have been determined. The impact of existing management trends and achievements on the medical and pharmaceutical system has been demonstrated.

Lev Gutman – A Pioneer in Theoretical Mesoscale Meteorology

Abstract On March 5, 2023, Professor Lev Gutman would have been 100 years old. This article describes Professor Gutman’s legacy in the field of dynamic mesoscale meteorology and numerical weather prediction. Gutman developed his career as a mathematician and meteorologist in the Soviet Union, where he built a school of specialists in mesoscale meteorology during the 1950s through the 1970s. He primarily worked on analytical methods to solve complex nonlinear problems, such as the structure of sea breezes, mountain-valley circulations, and thermal convection over heated terrain. Gutman pioneered the development of theories of cumulus clouds, tornados, and other atmospheric phenomena. In the 1960s, he carried out numerous research investigations on these topics with his doctoral students and collaborators at High-Altitude Geophysical Institute in Nalchik in the northern Caucasus and later at the Siberian scientific center near Novosibirsk. Gutman compiled the results from these studies into a monograph titled “Introduction to the Nonlinear Theory of Mesoscale Meteorological Processes”, which was published in Russian in 1969, and later translated into English, Chinese, and Japanese. This monograph became a major textbook for specialists in mesoscale meteorology, remaining relevant to this day. After Prof. Gutman immigrated to Israel in 1978, his collaborations expanded to include Israeli and western scientists from Europe and the United States. Gutman did not receive the recognition he deserved due to the political realities of the time. His book and his seminal analytical solutions should still be useful for early career scientists in mesoscale meteorology and atmospheric dynamics.

The impact of the digital technological revolution on the development of crisis management theory

Purpose: is to identify the main directions of changing the theory of crisis management of companies under the influence of digitalization based on the analysis of technological transformations in the economy and institutional prerequisites.Methods: to achieve the purpose of the study, methods of logical, institutional and statistical analysis of economic phenomena and financial and economic data of industrial and digital companies, economic comparative studies using the provisions of various theories are used. The theoretical basis of the research is the synthesis of the theory of technological revolutions by Perez C., the new institutional economic theory, the concept of scientific research programs by Lakatos I.Results: the formulated hypotheses of the study on the need to change the «protective shell» of the theory of crisis management under the influence of factors of the digital transformation of the institutional economy are proved. The changes are associated with the formation of new subjects – digital companies, the transformation of the nature of crises and anti-crisis tools in the context of the digital revolution. The institutional nature of business crises in the context of technological revolutions has been established, due to the discrepancy between the speed of development of the economic institutions and technologies.Conclusions and Relevance: the digital revolution is having a significant impact on business. Its adaptation to digital technological conditions requires the development of the new and improvement of existing institutions. These changes challenge the theory of management, which must adapt its basis to the new technological needs of the business. Сrisis management plays an important role in this: the rapid development of digital technologies is accompanied by the crisis factors, the nature of most of which is institutional in nature. However, to date, despite the obvious need, the directions of transformation of the theory of crisis management have not been determined at the scientific and theoretical level. According to the results of the study, the key artifacts of the digital economy have been identified that determine the directions of transformation of the theory of crisis management by transforming its «protective shell». The institutional nature of the prerequisites for such a transformation is proved. The results of the study determine the future directions of the development of the theory of crisis management.

Characterizing the dispersion behavior of poly-atomic magnetic metamaterials

The propagation of magnetoinductive (MI) waves across magnetic metamaterials known as magnetoinductive waveguides (MIWs) has been an area of interest for many applications due to the flexible design and low-loss performance in challenging radio-frequency (RF) environments. Thus far, the dispersion behavior of MIWs has been limited to mono- and diatomic geometries. In this work, we present a recursive method to generate the dispersion equation for a general poly-atomic MIW. This recursive method greatly simplifies the ability to create closed-form dispersion equations for unique poly-atomic MIW geometries versus the previous method. To demonstrate, four MIW geometries that have been selected for their unique symmetries are analyzed using the recursive method. Using applicable simplifications brought on by the geometric symmetries, a closed-form dispersion equation is reported for each case. The equations are then validated numerically and show excellent agreement in all four cases. This work simultaneously aids in the further development of MIW theory and offers new avenues for MIW design in the presented dispersion equations.

“I need more help, but everyone expects me to know it”: perceived mentoring needs of contemporary second-year early career teachers

ABSTRACT While there has been theoretical and empirical address of the changing characteristics of teachers as they progress through the early years of their professional careers, much less research has considered how this influences the changing ways in which early career teachers (ECTs) may prefer to experience mentoring during this time. Most ECT mentoring research and in-school mentoring programmes focus on teachers in their first year of the profession, or ECTs in very broad terms. Consequently, the specific mentoring needs and preferred approaches of second-year teachers, in particular, remain unclear. In this paper, we report on data collected via researcher field notes, an online survey, and professional learning activities with 15 mentors and ECTs in their second year of teaching in Queensland, Australia. Using a combination of descriptive statistics and directed qualitative content analysis, findings indicated that second-year teachers identify as having specific mentoring needs that they perceive require a unique combination of directive and co-exploratory mentoring approaches. Critically drawing on theories of teacher development, these findings have implications for schools and systems both in Australia and internationally in the development of policies and programmes for mentoring beyond the first year of teaching.

Emergence of Confidence with Principles of Curiosity and Information Processing

Researchers in cognitive neuroscience, developmental cognitive neuroscience, educational psychology, educational technology, education theory, and other related fields collaborate in the emerging field of educational neuroscience, also known as neuroeducation. This interdisciplinary approach aims to explore the connections between psychological processes and education. By integrating basic discoveries in cognitive neuroscience with educational technology, researchers in neuroeducation strive to enhance curricula to foster curiosity and boost confidence levels in learners. The ultimate objective of neuroeducation is to generate both theoretical insights and practical applications that offer a fresh perspective on learning across various disciplines. The development of confidence is closely related to the principles of curiosity and information processing. When people are interested in a topic, they are more likely to seek out information and engage in learning experiences that can lead to deeper understanding. This information process allows people to analyze and understand the information they encounter, which in turn can increase their confidence in their knowledge and abilities. By embracing curiosity and honing their information-processing skills, people can develop a strong self-confidence that empowers them to take new challenges and pursue their goals with determination. This review study on curiosity have uncovered a fascinating insight into its mechanisms. Researchers found that curiosity aligns with a confidence function resembling an inverted U-shape, peaking when individuals have moderate confidence in their knowledge. Moreover, heightened curiosity drives individuals to actively seek out new information, showcasing the profound impact of curiosity on knowledge acquisition. This revelation holds immense promise for understanding human behavior and learning processes. This study focuses on boosting confidence in individuals through the application of curiosity and information knowledge processing techniques to elevate the standards of education and training across both traditional and modern methodologies. The integration of these principles is poised to revolutionize the learning experience, fostering a more dynamic and effective approach to knowledge acquisition and skill development. This innovative strategy holds immense potential to empower learners, educators, and trainers alike, paving the way for a more enriched and impactful educational landscape.

Review on 3D electromagnetic modeling and inversion for Mineral Exploration

Many mineral deposits demonstrate low-resistivity characteristics. This property makes the electromagnetic (EM) method a very useful tool for mineral exploration. In the past decades, the application of EM exploration technologies has been reviewed in many case studies. However, most reviews focused on EM exploration methods, the development of equipment, or their applications. The three-dimensional (3D) forward modeling and inversions are high-accuracy EM interpretation techniques that have made great progress in recent years in mineral explorations. In this paper, we make a review on the development of EM technology for mineral exploration with focus on 3D EM forward modeling, inversion technology, and its applications. We will first briefly introduce the EM methods for mineral explorations from the methodology. After that, we will give a comprehensive review of 3D EM forward modeling, inversions, and data interpretations, with special attention paid to the development of EM theory and applications in mineral explorations. We hope this review can promote the application of 3D EM numerical simulation and inversion in mineral explorations.