Development Of Theory Research Articles

Research on the Development of Investment Portfolio Theory

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of portfolio theory evolution and its practical applications, tracing its development since Harry Markowitz introduced Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) in 1952. The urgency to enhance capital market efficiency, optimize asset portfolios, and effectively measure and manage risks has intensified due to the rapid transmission of risk across global financial markets. This study reviews historical advancements and recent achievements in portfolio theory and practice. Furthermore, it constructs a theoretical research framework to guide the future development of quantitative investment strategies, focusing on active portfolio management. This framework also delineates several prospective research avenues. The advent of artificial intelligence and big data has transformed portfolio theory into a multidisciplinary nexus involving mathematical statistics, machine learning, and behavioral finance. This integration is crucial for refining asset portfolio optimization and understanding the dynamics of risk spillover and its determinants. The findings and theoretical advancements discussed herein are vitally important for fostering the sustainable development of capital markets and ensuring economic and financial stability. This study not only revisits foundational theories but also sets the stage for pioneering future research in financial analysis and portfolio management.

Critical analysis of the subspecialty stroke medicine curriculum: Social and political influences on its design and professionalism.

The curriculum comprises all learners' learning experiences that enable them to achieve specific learning outcomes. The Subspeciality Stroke Medicine Curriculum is designed to train doctors in Stroke Medicine as specialists capable of providing holistic healthcare in preventing, treating and rehabilitating stroke through achieving the desired competencies. This article discusses the influence of factors like the development of learning theory, the democratisation of social process, public demand for accountability and transparency, political imperatives, economic factors and professional standards set by professional bodies on curriculum design. The curriculum focuses on an outcome-based educational approach, workplace-based assessment with formative feedback to promote learning, summative evidence for knowledge, skills and attitudes and greater integration to make learning closer to actual practice. This outcome-based, integrated approach is approved by regulating bodies as positively impacting doctors' training and, consequently, the health of individual patients and society.

An In-Depth Analysis of Cohesion Utilization in the English Language: Implications for Effective Communication and Textual Coherence

This study focuses on the link between coherence and the English language notion of cohesiveness. Cohesion is defined as the way in which different elements of a text or speech are linked together to create a unified and integrated whole. The study identifies the challenges in determining the appropriate level of cohesion for a given text and how factors such as audience, purpose, and context can affect cohesion. The aims of the research are to provide learners with a better understanding of cohesion in English and to demonstrate the importance of cohesion in producing clear and effective communication. The paper is divided into three sections: the first section introduces the problem, aims, scope, procedure, and hypothesis; the second section provides a detailed explanation of the definition, general meaning, models, and types of cohesion; and the third section examines lexical and grammatical cohesion in more detail. The theory argues that English language learners typically don't understand the ideas of cohesion and coherence, which leads to poor writing that is illogical and grammatically incorrect. The research methodology involves data collection from English books, analysis, comparison of essays on cohesion, and consultation with instructors of English. Ultimately, this research highlights the importance of cohesion in achieving coherence and producing effective communication in English. The practical study of grammatical cohesion conducted in the English Department of Sawa University's College of Education aimed to assess students' comprehension of linguistic phenomena such as conjunction, ellipsis, references, and substitution. The study involved 54 participants, comprising of 36 females and 18 males, who were presented with 18 different prompts and asked to identify the linguistic phenomenon present in each response. The study's analysis revealed that participants identified these linguistic phenomena differently for each prompt, with some responses predominantly identified as conjunction, while others were predominantly identified as ellipsis or references. These findings provide insight into how individuals interpret and use language and can contribute to the development of linguistic theories and models.

Density Functional Theory Study of Interaction between Ibuprofen and Alginic Acid for Targeted Drug Delivery

Abstract:: The development of density functional theory has led to the consideration of computational chemistry in the design and development of interactions of new drugs in the gas phase with nanocarriers. In the present study, the interaction of ibuprofen with alginic acid (as a nanocarrier) has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) in the gas phase (M06-2X/6-31+G*). A study on the effects of ibuprofen’s interaction with the compounds present in alginic acid has been conducted, focusing on the electronic properties, the chemical shift tensors, and the natural bond orbital. Based on the results of UV spectra, the compound 6-thioguanine has been found to be changed into an alginic acid/ibuprofen complex. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules showed the interaction of ibuprofen to be mainly driven by non-covalent bonds with alginic acid during complex formation. A hydrogen bond has been found to be formed between the oxygen atoms of alginic acid and ibuprofen's hydrogen atoms. Consequently, alginic acid has been used for delivering ibuprofen to diseased cells.

Corporate Value Assessment based on the EVA Model and Relative Valuation

As a risk-averse commodity, gold has seen new development opportunities in retail due to factors (e.g., geopolitical risks and conflicts, economic uncertainties, and inflation). Consequently, more and more investors are focusing on the gold retail industry. Evaluating the value of gold retail enterprises using scientific and effective methods is of great significance to both managers and investors. Therefore, this paper uses Chow Tai Seng, a Chinese gold retail enterprise, as a case study. Based on the company's development characteristics, we employ the EVA absolute valuation method and relative valuation methods including P/E, P/B and P/S ratios for valuation. The study finds that although its EVA values show a general downward trend from 2019 to 2023, they remain positive, indicating that the company's overall development is still on track. The development of enterprise valuation theory has gone through the MM (Modigliani-Miller) theory, Free Cash Flow Valuation Model, and the Capital Asset Pricing Model, among others. These theoretical models have gradually improved, and the theoretical system is continuously evolving. By summarizing and reviewing valuation theories and methods, this paper employs the DDM for valuation and the P/E ratio method under relative valuation based on the company's development characteristics. Combining these two valuation methods with the company's actual financial data and relevant value theories, the company can attract investors and address undervaluation by increasing its exposure through modern multimedia channels and enhancing data transparency.

D. W. Winnicott, Julian of Norwich, and the Good-Enough Mother/Mystic

Abstract: This article examines the theological resonances in D. W. Winnicott’s theory of motherhood and infant development, bringing to light possible inheritances from the medieval mystical tradition. Considered against Winnicott’s own Wesleyan upbringing and later conversion to Anglicanism, a close reading of his personal writings reveals a personal identification with the Christ-figure and evidence of medievalism in his work that has not been previously recognized. The discussion then compares Winnicott’s paradigm of the “good-enough mother” with the language of maternal “enoughness” in the Revelations of fourteenth-century theologian, Julian of Norwich. This comparison uncovers a shared preoccupation with maternal love and sustained devotional practice, and what I call Julian’s “ordinary-language theology” is put forward as a potential precedent for what Adam Phillips has termed Winnicott’s “ordinary-language psychoanalysis.”*

Theory and Practice of Developments in the Field of Separation and Extraction of Metals at Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises

Theory and Practice of Developments in the Field of Separation and Extraction of Metals at Mining and Metallurgical Enterprises

The Person in Psychology and Christianity: A Faith-Based Critique of Five Theories of Social Development

The Person in Psychology and Christianity: A Faith-Based Critique of Five Theories of Social Development

CEC01-01 Introduction into the AOP framework: Integrating Theory and Practice in AOP Development

CEC01-01 Introduction into the AOP framework: Integrating Theory and Practice in AOP Development

Child Life in Practice: Applying Theories in the Emergency Department and on a Pediatric Unit

Certified child life specialists (CCLS) serve as an integral component of the health care team by attending to the psychosocial concerns that arise as children and their families face stressful situations. The CCLS provides individualized care to meet the developmental needs of infants, children, teens, and young adults and assists in coping with medical-related stressors, using play as a main healing modality. As they engage, assess, and educate, CCLS use play for therapeutic purposes and provide education to children and their families regarding diagnosis, treatments, procedures or tests needed, strategies for coping and managing pain, and the medical environment. In this article, two theories and one process that help guide the work of the CCLS are applied in a scenario: Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development (Bronfenbrenner, 2005), Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) transactional theory of stress and coping, and the APIE process (Wilson et al., 2006). CCLS use theory to assess, plan, and provide appropriate interventions to promote optimal care of patients.

Pathway to work with AI: Testing the clAIr role development method in an industrial work environment

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in work processes requires the anticipatory change of work roles because areas of activity are shifting within job profiles, resulting in new interaction patterns between humans and AI and between employees. In order to avoid role conflicts, rejection of the AI system and other undesirable side effects of AI integration, organizations must support human-AI role development with suitable measures. This article presents a methodologically sound approach to role development (clarifying AI Augmented individual roles—clAIr) using the example of service technicians in a mechanical engineering company before and during the introduction of AI-based services. It illustrates how role clarity can be achieved in the interaction with AI when job profiles shift and how role development also includes collaboration with other departments and goal-oriented external communication with customers. The method results in six basic roles that are rooted in role theory in terms of role identity, role innovation, and role clarity. clAIr allows the anticipatory examination of human-AI work roles as a process-based approach.Practical Relevance: Due to the rapidly advancing development of AI in work processes, there is a need in organizations for scientifically validated findings and examples of good practice for successful work with AI. A socio-technical approach with a focus on the changes in role identities of professionals is promising, as the anticipated development of tasks and professions resulting from AI use can only be countered with a comprehensive approach. Previous work refers to human-centered job designs but neglects the preceding process of role identification as a key challenge of implementation. This process support is made possible by the clAIr method for determining roles for working with AI. Its use requires an understanding of role theory and expertise in organizational development.

The Capgras delusion in the United Kingdom. From 1933 to the present: A clinical theoretical review

The first clinical case report of the Capgras Delusion in the British literature appeared in 1933, a decade after the seminal article by Capgras and Reboul-Lachaux. The author endeavoured to explain it psychodynamically on the basis of Freud's theory of infantile sexual development, arguing that it was due to a mental mechanism peculiar to women. Despite often ill founded and convoluted, psychodynamic formulations held sway for several decades until cases occurring in toxic-metabolic and structural brain disorders were described. However, by the 1990's it was recognised that the presence of brain dysfunction did not in itself explain the delusion. What was needed in addition was an appropriate cognitive theory of the mechanisms underlying the delusion. The advent of cognitive neuropsychiatry, pioneered by the late Hadyn Ellis, provided a framework for a more systematic and predictive approach to our understanding of delusional misidentification.

Becoming crisis‐ready: A systematic literature review on corporate crisis readiness and the process to achieving it

AbstractAs global crises become increasingly complex and intertwined, crisis readiness has emerged as a pivotal factor for an organisation's survival. Despite a growing, interdisciplinary corpus of research underscoring the necessity for systematic crisis management and strategic communication, a comprehensive understanding of corporate crisis readiness and methodologies for its achievement remain elusive and inadequately addressed. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic literature review, meticulously analysing 7287 articles to identify 40 eligible studies from 1987 to 2022. Through inductive content analysis and narrative synthesis, we have delineated the concept of crisis readiness and devised a comprehensive 10‐step process framework that organisations are advised to implement in preparation for potential crises. This investigation enriches the academic dialogue on crisis readiness by integrating insights from strategic management, crisis handling, organisational development, and learning theories. This offers a more nuanced understanding of how organisations can equip themselves for crisis situations. Additionally, our study sheds light on promising directions for future research in this vital field.

Extending a rational process model of causal reasoning: Assessing Markov violations and explaining away with inhibitory causal relations.

Causes sometimes decrease rather increase the probability of an effect, as when drinking coffee lowers the probability of sleep or an aspirin eliminates a headache. This research tests how two causal reasoning errors that have influenced the development of theories of human causal reasoning manifest themselves in the presence of inhibitory causal relations. Past research with generative causal relations (a cause makes its effect more probable) has shown that people violate the Markov condition, the pattern of independence that should obtain among causally related variables. And it has shown that they explain away-the phenomenon in which one should lower likelihood of one event when another is discovered to have occurred (e.g., exonerating one murder suspect when evidence against another is found)-too little or not at all. The new empirical findings reported here reveal that both sorts of errors manifest themselves when inhibitory causal relations are present although, unexpectedly, the direction of those errors sometimes reverses. Only the mutation sampler, a rational process model of human causal reasoning, correctly predicted these novel empirical findings. These results support the view that causal reasoning errors can be understood as arising from rational inference constrained by limited cognitive resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Lev Gutman—A Pioneer in Theoretical Mesoscale Meteorology

Abstract On 5 March 2023, Professor Lev Gutman would have been 100 years old. This article describes Professor Gutman’s legacy in the field of dynamic mesoscale meteorology and numerical weather prediction. Gutman developed his career as a mathematician and meteorologist in the Soviet Union, where he built a school of specialists in mesoscale meteorology from the 1950s through the 1970s. He primarily worked on analytical methods to solve complex nonlinear problems, such as the structure of sea breezes, mountain–valley circulations, and thermal convection over heated terrain. Gutman pioneered the development of theories of cumulus clouds, tornadoes, and other atmospheric phenomena. In the 1960s, he carried out numerous research investigations on these topics with his doctoral students and collaborators at the High-Altitude Geophysical Institute in Nalchik in the northern Caucasus and later at the Siberian Scientific Center near Novosibirsk. Gutman compiled the results from these studies into a monograph titled “Introduction to the Nonlinear Theory of Mesoscale Meteorological Processes,” which was published in Russian in 1969 and later translated into English, Chinese, and Japanese. This monograph became a major textbook for specialists in mesoscale meteorology, remaining relevant to this day. After Professor Gutman immigrated to Israel in 1978, his collaborations expanded to include Israeli and western scientists from Europe and the United States. Gutman did not receive the recognition he deserved due to the political realities of the time. His book and his seminal analytical solutions should still be useful for early career scientists in mesoscale meteorology and atmospheric dynamics.

Approaching Academic Advising of Undergraduate Students in HDFS Through the Lenses of Identity Development Theories

Many colleges and universities utilize faculty advisors for academic advising. In this model, faculty advise students in their discipline on curriculum requirements, as well as career and academic goals. Faculty often report feeling that they have had little training or support for their role as an academic advisor. Faculty advisors in the field of human development and family science (HDFS), however, are uniquely positioned for academic advising as they are trained experts in many of the known factors associated with effective advising. One area closely related to advising that HDFS faculty are highly knowledgeable about is identity development and exploration. Therefore, HDFS faculty can utilize their in-depth knowledge of Erikson’s, Marcia’s, and Arnett’s theories of development to inform their role as advisors.

Pelvic floor muscle training for female urinary incontinence: development of a programme theory from a longitudinal qualitative case study

BackgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) negatively affects the well-being of women globally. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is a complex intervention that aims to decrease UI symptoms. Information about how the multiple complex components involved in PFMT achieve and maintain the desired effect are rarely studied as a whole. The evidence base lacks data about how women experience PFMT over time and in the longer-term. This study explored women’s experiences of biofeedback-assisted PFMT and PFMT alone, to identify and understand what influenced self-reported adherence to PFMT, and UI outcomes over time.MethodsThis rigorous longitudinal qualitative case study, nested within a randomised controlled trial, recruited forty cases (women with stress or mixed UI; 20 in biofeedback-assisted and 20 in PFMT alone group). A case included up to four semi-structured interviews with each woman (prior to starting PFMT, end of treatment [6 months], 12 months, 24 months). Analysis followed case study analytic traditions, resulting in a Programme Theory about PFMT from the perspectives of women with UI.FindingsThe theory demonstrates factors that motivated women to seek UI treatment, and how these influenced long-term adherence. Therapists who delivered PFMT played a crucial role in supporting women to know how to undertake PFMT (to have capability). Some, but not all, women developed self-efficacy for PFMT. Where women did not have PFMT self-efficacy, adherence tended to be poor. When women had PFMT self-efficacy, the conditions to support adherence were present, but contextual factors could still intercede to inhibit adherence. The intercession of contextual factors was individual to a woman and her life, meaning any particular contextual factor had inconsistent influences on PFMT adherence over time for individual women and exerted varying influences across different women.ConclusionLong term adherence to PFMT is a complex interaction between many different factors. Enquiring about an individual woman’s motivation to seek treatment and understanding the contextual factors that affect an individual woman will enable a practitioner to support longer-term adherence.

A Study on Foreign Language Learning Anxiety and Enjoyment of English Major Postgraduates

With the development of humanism, positive psychology and other related theories and practices, foreign language enjoyment and self-efficacy have also received more and more attention and research. Through literature review, the research on foreign language enjoyment is limited in China, and the research on English majors is even more limited. Therefore, this study chooses English major postgraduates as the special research object, aiming at putting forward useful suggestions for promoting students' academic and professional development.

Stages and main tasks of the century-long control theory and system identification development. Part VI. Model predictive control

The article is devoted to one of the relatively new areas in the field of control theory and practice, called model predictive control. The ideas underlying it, the connection with the theory of optimal control and numerical methods for solving optimization problems are described. It should be noted that currently the number of problems solved and control systems developed within the framework of this approach has come out on top in comparison with all others. This is evidenced by numerous publications concerning the theory and practical application of control methods and algorithms using a predictive model. The main distinctive feature of this method is that the control is not synthesized in advance, but is calculated directly during the operation of the system, i.e. at the current time. This made it possible, with such control, to implement original feedback that ensures stabilization of the process when the model is inaccurate and there is uncertainty associated with existing disturbances and measurements. It describes how such feedback is organized based on current measurement data. In this case, there is no need to interpret somehow the nature of the disturbances and errors acting on the system. Much attention in the article is paid to the possibilities that are admitted with this method of control. The model predictive control method seems especially attractive for systems with discrete impulse processes that are well described with using cognitive maps. It is considered an example of cognitive modeling of evolutionary demographic processes in Ukraine and the possibility of control them using a predictive model, when the model contains unstable eigenvalues. When solving problems of predictive control, it is proposed to use trajectory models, which directly follow from the Cauchy formula, in particular for discrete systems, instead of a local description in the state space. This makes it possible to take into account, when solving predictive control problems, how well or poorly controlled, observable or identifiable the system is. Non-standard capabilities of this method with a trajectory description appear during terminal control on a sliding interval with a finite horizon. A number of original formulations of terminal control problems are presented in the article and some of their properties are described.

(Re)Incorporating “the Tangible” in Industrial Path Development Analyses: The Role of Sociomaterial Contingencies in Explaining Potential Emergence of Hydrogen Production in Western Norway

Studies of industrial path development, a literature strongly influenced by evolutionary economic geography and systems of innovation theorizing, have an analytical focus on how interplays between actors, networks, and institutions, what we term social contingencies, shape industrial development in geographic areas. Tying into earlier calls in the literature, we argue that the emphasis on social contingencies has led to limited analytical attention to how material contingencies are also influential in shaping how and where industries develop. Based on this, we develop an analytical framework for studying sociomaterial contingencies for industrial path development in geographic contexts. Consequently, and echoing early path development theory, we argue for considering the breadth of dimensions underpinning industrial path development and their interplay, considering both intangible and tangible explanators without reducing either of these categories on behalf of the other. We discuss our approach in an exemplifying discussion of potential industrialization of hydrogen production in Western Norway to illustrate how assessment of sociomaterial contingencies adds analytical utility to the industrial path development literature.