Determination Of Specific Gravity Research Articles

Chemical analysis of the scent fluid of Dicaelus purpuratus (Coleoptera: Carabidae).

Recently in Goliad, Tex., I acquired 1 specimen of aground beetle which at first glance seemed to be Dicaelus splendidus (Say). Since Goliad is more than 100 miles south of Austin, where D. splendidus are commonly found, the scent fluid of this single specimen was subjected to chemical analysis to see if the different geographic location would effect any changes in the properties already reported for Austin specimens (McCullough 1967). The 2 large bladders from the specimen, a male weighing 0.67 g, provided sufficient material for 2 specific gravity determinations, an acid content analysis by simple titration, and two 2-dimensional paper chromatograms for investigating the carbohydrate constituents. Tables 1 and 2 summarize the results of these analyses.

Resin Content of Red Pine Wood and its Effect on Specific Gravity Determinations

Accurate determinations of specific gravity for red pine test specimens require removal of resinous extractives prior to dry-weight measurement. This applies to sapwood specimens as well as heartwood, although much higher resin contents were observed in the later specimens. Resin content was typically highest in specimens from the central part of the stem (close to the pith) and tended to decrease progressively toward the bark.

The prediction of maturity in plums for prune production

The production of good quality prunes requires plums with a minimum of 26 per cent soluble solids content before dehydration. Maturity in plums was studied by determining specific gravity and soluble solids at weekly intervals over several weeks beginning at the approach of harvest. The regressions of soluble solids on specific gravity were linear and homogeneous over all crops and years studied. The proposed procedure for predicting soluble solids content is based on the determination of specific gravity and soluble solids at a pre-harvest sampling. Specific gravity can be determined on 5-lb samples in the field using a convenient and cheap hydrometer made from a wire basket attached to a sphere and graduated tube which floats in a drum of water. The prediction procedure uses the time rate of change of soluble solids and the mean regression of soluble solids on specific gravity. Analyses of the experimental data were summarized and used to estimate standard errors of predicted values for various numbers of 5-lb samples. The recommended prediction procedure is exemplified numerically and illustrated in a diagram.

Determination of specific gravity and concentration of fruit juice concentrations and other viscous concentrated solutions

An accurate method for the determination of the specific gravity of viscous concentrated solutions at ambient temperature is described. The method, based on the linear correlation shown to exist between the refractive index and the concentration (w/v) in solutions of mixtures of solutes, is applied to concentrated fruit juices.

The Lakeview Mountains Pluton, Southern California Batholith Part II: Chemical Composition and Variation

Research Article| August 01, 1969 The Lakeview Mountains Pluton, Southern California Batholith Part II: Chemical Composition and Variation D. M MORTON; D. M MORTON California Division of Mines and Geology, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A. K BAIRD; A. K BAIRD Department of Geology, Pomona College, Claremont, California Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar K. W BAIRD K. W BAIRD Department of Geology, Pomona College, Claremont, California Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information D. M MORTON California Division of Mines and Geology, Los Angeles, California A. K BAIRD Department of Geology, Pomona College, Claremont, California K. W BAIRD Department of Geology, Pomona College, Claremont, California Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 11 Nov 1968 Revision Received: 23 Jan 1969 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Copyright © 1969, The Geological Society of America, Inc. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. GSA Bulletin (1969) 80 (8): 1553–1564. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1553:TLMPSC]2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 11 Nov 1968 Revision Received: 23 Jan 1969 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation D. M MORTON, A. K BAIRD, K. W BAIRD; The Lakeview Mountains Pluton, Southern California Batholith Part II: Chemical Composition and Variation. GSA Bulletin 1969;; 80 (8): 1553–1564. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1553:TLMPSC]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Major elemental analyses and specific gravity determinations were made on bulked rock samples from 162 localities over the Lakeview Mountains pluton. Mineral separates from 126 localities were also analyzed. Results show that the pluton is highly homogeneous on the large scale with high heterogeneity on the small scale. Despite the high homogeneity, all analytical results define consistent zonational patterns approximately parallel to the walls of the body and to the concordant schlieren. This zonation shows that the Lakeview Mountains pluton has a relatively basic and dense core compared to its margin and implies that the last rock to crystallize was more basic than rock formed earlier. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

A suspension weighing technique for the rapid determination of specific gravity of eggs

A suspension weighing technique, developed for the rapid determination of the specific gravity of eggs, is described and compared with one using salt solutions of known density. A simple impact device was used to determine shell strength for correlation with the results of specific gravity determinations. Eggs were obtained from three strains of domestic fowl : White Leghorn, .Australorp, and Synthetic (a closed population in its eighth generation originally based on White Leghorn-Australorp crosses). The numbers of eggs examined in one hour by suspension weighing, salt solutions, and the impact device were 400, 200, and 100 respectively. Repeatabilities of specific gravity based on three eggs per hen were slightly higher for suspension weighing than for salt solutions. Correlations between specific gravity and breaking strength ranged from +0.72 to +0.78 for the three strains. Correlations between egg weight and specific gravity and between egg weight and breaking strength were effectively zero. It is concluded that for routine work, measurement of specific gravity by suspension weighing is a reliable and rapid method of estimating shell strength.

TDS and Specific Gravity in Ground Waters

Dissolved salts generally change the specific gravity of water in direct proportion to their concentration. The magnitude of change, however, depends on the nature and amount of the various dissolved salts. Determination of specific gravity and total dissolved salts (TDS) in a number of surface and subsurface water samples with a high TDS indicated a loose relationship between these two parameters. An empirical formula for calculation of TDS is percentage TDS = (Sp gr ‐ 1)f, where f is a common factor. A study of dilute solutions of different salts present in natural waters revealed that there cannot be a common factor, f, for all types of groundwaters. An application of the above formula to mixtures of solutions of different salts, however, showed that there can be a common factor for waters of similar hydrochemical facies. Dissolved salts increase the coefficient of expansion of water, lower the temperature of maximum density, decrease association, and increase specific gravity, all in approximately direct proportion to the amount of salt.

Specific gravity and shrinkage of open grown Ponderosa pine

Wood specific gravity and shrinkage determinations were made on disks cut at 16-foot intervals from eight open-grown wide ringed second-growth ponderosa pines. This wood differed from forest grown narrower-ringed wood by having somewhat lower values for specific gravity and radial and tangential shrinkage and slightly higher values for axial shrinkage. Wood from the lowermost (stump) disks was denser and often had excessive axial shrinkage and irregular grain. At higher levels in the tree excessive axial shrinkage was limited to a 1... 2-inch core including the first 2... 3 growth rings. With these exceptions, the wideringed wood was uniform in quality. Slightly higher stumps were advocated if more uniform quality along the length of the butt log is desired.

On the Coral Limestone from Tokunoshima and Okierabushima

Coral limestone resourses are very aboundant in Amami Islands, but a slight amount of the ore has been only used for chemical industrial materials.The object of this paper is to describe the results of the writers' work on the fundamental properties of the coral limestone from Tokunoshima and Okierabushima, Kagoshima Prefecture.Several samples of coral limestones were collected from the each terrace in Tokunoshima (8 terraces), and in Okierabushima (6 terraces).Chemical analysis, X-ray analysis, determination of specific gravity, and various thermal tests etc. were conducted on these samples.Slaking test and sedimentation test were also made on these coral limestones calcined at 950°-1100°C. Following results were obtained.(1) Main mineral component in the coral limestone is calcite, often contains dolomite or quartz.(2) Coral limestones of 32 samples have the following physical properties and chemical composition: apparent specific gravity 1.67-3.05, bulk density 1.64-3.38, apparent porosity 2.22-18.34%, moisture content 1.11-9.97%, and CaO 47.65-55.41%, MgO 0.10-3.52%, SiO2 0.11-10.52%, Fe2O3+Al2O3 0.42-4.48%. The average value of CaCO3 content of Okierabushima are is 94.73%, but the coral limestone from Tokunoshima is of poor quality with a purity of CaCO3 89.50%.(3) It seems that the coral limestones located at higher terraces in Tokunoshima and Okierabushima have larger crystal size, larger thermal expansivity and more rapid thermal decomposition velocity than those of the coral limestones located at lower terraces, respectively.(4) The effect of calcining temperature on the slaking velocity of calcined ore is governed by the chemical and physical properties of the original rocks. The stiff coral limestone including a slight amount of impurities calcined at 950°C is of good results, but the porous coral limestone including a large amount of impurities, i.e. SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and MgO, has a slow slaking velocity at this calcination temperature.

Determination of Specific Gravity of Live Hogs by Suppressed Zero Techniques

The conventional apparatus used earlier in this laboratory (Gnaedinger et al., 1963b; Hix et al., 1964) for measuring body volume was modified by the addition of two chambers, identical to those in use. The addition of these chambers resulted in the formation of a suppressed zero measuring system in which the relatively small difference in volume between the subject and an inert reference was determined, rather than the total volume of the subject. The specific gravity of 24 hogs was determined and the values were compared with chemical analysis data. Specific gravity values determined by helium dilution were significantly correlated (r=0.59) with those obtained by air displacement. However, specific gravity values determined by both methods were not significantly correlated with chemical composition, except for percent ash. The major source of error involved in both the air displacement and helium dilution procedures was due to differences in relative humidity between the subject and reference chambers and to changes in relative humidity within the subject chamber. Chemical analysis showed the average composition of the 24 hogs to be 52.00% moisture, 30.36% ether extract, 15.21% protein and 2.57% ash. A highly significant correlation of −.98 was obtained between percent total moisture and percent total ether extract and a regression equation was computed for predicting total fat from total body water. Of the various body compartments, the chemical composition of the shoulder and ham was most closely related to composition of the whole animal. Equations were computed for predicting the chemical composition of the whole animal from the percent composition of the shoulder. However, the standard errors of the estimate showed that this prediction would not be too useful.

Micromethod for determination of specific gravity of tissues.

SummaryThe copper sulfate method of determining the specific gravity of blood has been applied to fresh tissues. A number of factors influencing the determinations have been studied. Comparison of this method with that based on Archimedes principle have shown the copper sulfate method to be decidedly superior.

Determination of soil specific gravity using the air pycnometer

Determination of soil specific gravity using the air pycnometer

Determination of specific gravity of glass particles by a density gradient method

Determination of specific gravity of glass particles by a density gradient method

Quantitative estimates of lamb carcass composition 2. Specific gravity determination

SUMMARYRelationships between specific gravity and carcass tissue were studied in 83 purebred Clun Forest lambs slaughtered at approximately 80 lb. liveweight and ranging in carcass weight from 29 to 42 lb. Carcass specific gravity accounted for 86·1% and 78·1% of the respective variances in carcass fat percentage and muscle percentage. Specific gravity determinations on a single joint were also highly correlated with the carcass tissues. Correlation coefficients between loin specific gravity and carcass fat and muscle were −0·89 and 0·82 respectively; corresponding figures for best-neck specific gravity were −0·86 with carcass fat percentage, and 0·76 with carcass muscle percentage. In partial correlation analyses, muscle/bone ratio failed to have a significant effect on these relationships. The usefulness of estimates of carcass composition based on specific gravity determinations is discussed in relation to the maximum probable errors associated with predicted values and with reference to the accuracy of these estimates under different experimental conditions. The magnitude of the confidence limits (P = 0·05) on individual predictions varied from ±2·98% to ±3·48% for fat and muscle respectively and for group (n= 12) predictions, from ±0·88% to ±1·01% respectively. This suggests that little confidence can be placed in specific gravity determinations as a reflection of real individual differences or small treatment differences.

Quantitative estimates of lamb carcass composition 3. Carcass measurements and a comparison of the predictive efficiency of sample joint composition, carcass specific gravity determinations and carcass measurements

SUMMARYInterrelationships between carcass measurements were studied in 83 purebred Clun Forest lambs slaughtered at approximately 80 lb. live-weight and ranging in carcass weight from 29 to 42 lb. Individual carcass measurements did not have a worthwhile predictive value; apart from loin (C) and rib (J) fat depths none of 12 external or internal carcass measurements showed a correlation with carcass composition greater than r = 0·70. Similarly, none of 9 offal measurements recorded had a worthwhile predictive value. In multiple regression certain combinations of these measurements accounted for as much as 77% of the variation in carcass fat, 64% in carcass muscle and 64 % in carcass bone.The predictive efficiency of sample joint composition, specific gravity determinations and carcass measurements were evaluated in terms of the increased error variance using predicted values and the effect of this increase on sample size in treatment comparisons. Generally the results indicated that increasing treatment group size by relatively few animals is sufficient to absorb the additional error variance arising from the use of predicted values. This is particularly true where treatment differences of the order of one standard deviation exist and where part-carcass dissection values are used.

Curviplanar (Radial, Bow-Tie, Festoon) and Concentric Jointing in Jurassic Dolerite Mersey Bluff, Tasmania

Spectacular arcuate and vertical, curviplanar joints, spaced from 0.5 to several centimeters apart and radiating from foci 5-25 feet apart, extend through a 75-foot high outcrop of tholeiite. Regional and micro-metric evidence and determinations of specific gravity show that the outcrop is part of a transgressive sill, that it lies 350 feet above the base of the sill, and that the original thickness of the sill-as indicated by the percentage of orthopyroxene (bronzite)-was more than 2,000 feet. The joints, in thin section, transect all mineral components and were formed after solidification of the dolerite. They appear to be unrelated to any devitrification of the mesostasis and are believed to have extended vertically for more than 1,200 feet and to have formed in the center of the sill by the slow accumulation of stress and its subsequent sudden explosive release. They thus correspond to the curvicolumnar joints found in the centers of many columnarly jointed effusives. In places they are transected by ...

Determination of weight of bulk oil shipments

AbstractThe following is a brief consideration of the methods used in the determination of wt of bulk shipments of vegetable and animal fats and oils, with particular reference to tallow. Sources of error are noted, and the techniques involved in accurate specific gravity determinations are discussed.

A Torsion Balance for the Rapid Determination of Urine Specific Gravity

A Torsion Balance for the Rapid Determination of Urine Specific Gravity

Methods for Estimating the Composition of a Three Component Liquid Mixture

This paper discusses methods for estimating the unknown concentration (weight per cent) of a ternary liquid mixture from laboratory determinations of specific gravity. It is assumed that a quick and accurate analysis is known for one component. A model is first discussed which assumes that the specific volumes of the individual liquid components are additive. An alternative model is then presented for which concentrations are replaced by activities and the activity coefficients and concentrations are estimated by least squares. For the case in which at least one component is a solid in the pure state, the models are developed around “reference mixtures” which are used in place of the pure components. A hypothesis testing procedure is given, from which one can discriminate between the use of the model assuming an ideal liquid and one which involves activities.

CERTAIN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CONSTANTS FOR HEAVY LIQUIDS USED IN THE STUDY OF MINERALS

Variations in physical properties of some of the common heavy liquids used in mineral separation and specific gravity determinations are given in table and graphical form. The liquids studied are bromoform, Clerici's solution, Thoulet's solution, and Klein's solution. The paper discusses variation of specific weight with temperature; changes in specific weight of mixtures with changes in the concentration of their components; changes in specific weight of mixture in the course of time; variation of viscosity as a function of temperature; and relationship between specific weight and viscosity. J. R. Hayes