Abstract
Dissolved salts generally change the specific gravity of water in direct proportion to their concentration. The magnitude of change, however, depends on the nature and amount of the various dissolved salts. Determination of specific gravity and total dissolved salts (TDS) in a number of surface and subsurface water samples with a high TDS indicated a loose relationship between these two parameters. An empirical formula for calculation of TDS is percentage TDS = (Sp gr ‐ 1)f, where f is a common factor. A study of dilute solutions of different salts present in natural waters revealed that there cannot be a common factor, f, for all types of groundwaters. An application of the above formula to mixtures of solutions of different salts, however, showed that there can be a common factor for waters of similar hydrochemical facies. Dissolved salts increase the coefficient of expansion of water, lower the temperature of maximum density, decrease association, and increase specific gravity, all in approximately direct proportion to the amount of salt.
Published Version
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