Determination Of Phenolic Compounds Research Articles

Determination of phenolic compounds in Nasturtium Officinale by LC-MS / MS using different extraction methods and different solvents

This study aimed to determine the phenolic compound contents of Nasturtium officinale (N. officinale) extracts prepared with water, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform, as well as extracts prepared by evaporation and lyophilization, and parts of N. officinale by LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry). The results obtained not only contribute to knowledge about the benefits of N. officinale but also show the effect of different solvents and different extraction methods on the determination of phenolic compounds. In addition to these results, the importance of the cold chain in the determination of some phenolic compounds has also been demonstrated. While it is observed that the number of phenolic components obtained from the extracts prepared with methanol and ethanol is high; It is observed that some phenolic compounds such as quinic acid, fumaric acid, aconitic acid, and p-coumaric acid dissolve very well in water and temperature is important.

Determination of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Compounds, and Toxicity of Methanolic and Ethanolic Extracts of Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs (PPFM) Bacteria Pigment

Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs bacteria are a plant’s surface inhabitant, especially at the leaf. They are known as Methylobacterium species. The antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and level of toxicity of this bacteria pigment have been studied. Recently, no previous research focused on the same bacterium found in Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) T. G. Hartley, which is a component of the Malaysian ulam leaf. This study employed the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, along with total phenolic content determination to assess the antioxidant activities of the methanolic and ethanolic pigment extract. Additionally, the consumption safety level of the pigment extract used brine shrimp lethality assay. From these findings, ethanolic pigment extract has a higher antioxidant capacity than methanolic extract. The DPPH half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of methanolic pigment extract is higher than ethanolic extract (0.72 ± 0.04 mg/ml), but the IC50 value is vice versa for ABTS (4.59 ± 2.17 mg/ml). Furthermore, ethanolic extracts have a high FRAP assay value (1.09 ± 0.19 mg/mg of trolox equivalent at 0.78 mg/ml sample) and phenolic content (1.39 ± 0.07 mg/mg of gallic acid equivalent at 0.78 mg/ml sample) compared to methanolic pigment extracts. Fortunately, the methanolic and ethanolic pigment extract’s lethal concentration values (4.52 and 9.94 mg/ml) are considered safe for food application since their toxicity level is higher than 1 mg/ml.

Facile preparation of a Pt-ERGO composite modified screen-printed electrode for the sensitive determination of phenolic compounds

The mass production of screen-printed electrochemical devices with integrated electrodes has facilitated the widespread adoption of electroanalytical methods. The SPEs (screen-printed electrodes) overcome some obstacles associated with the use of conventional electrochemical cells, making them accessible to untrained operators. Despite their advantages, SPEs require activation/modification of the working electrode (WE) to enhance sensitivity. Nanomaterials, with metal nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in polymers and/or carbon NPs has gaining popularity for this purpose. In this study, we describe a modification of carbon SPEs (SPCEs) using Pt NPs and reduced graphene oxide (ERGO). The Pt-ERGO@SPCE is prepared by galvanostatic reduction of drop-casted precursors directly onto the WE surface, eliminating complex synthetic steps and high temperatures. After optimizing Pt amount and reduction extent, the modified SPCEs were tested for detecting hydroquinone (HQ) and bisphenol A (BPA). DPV results show significantly increased sensitivity for the quantification of both compounds. The modified SPCEs demonstrates promising performance: precision (5 % HQ, 8 % BPA), detection limits (1.4 μM HQ, 4.6 μM BPA), sensitivity (1688 μA mM−1 HQ, 441 μA mM−1 BPA), and recoveries (98–113 % HQ, 98–104 % BPA). This simple electrode modification holds great potential, allowing the preparation of the sensor by personnel who may lack access to well-equipped laboratories, particularly in developing countries.

Determination of Phenolic Compounds in the Leaves Extract of Willow (Salix babylonica L.)

Determination of Phenolic Compounds in the Leaves Extract of Willow (Salix babylonica L.)

LC-MS/MS Analysis and Biological Activities of Methanol Extract from Sagina apetala Ard.

This is the first study on the investigation of phenolic compounds of methanol extract (ME) of Sagina apetala and examination of its cell-based antioxidant and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The determination of phenolic compounds of ME was performed by LC-MS/MS and 25 main compounds were identified. For the cell-based antioxidant activity of ME, Vero cell line (Cercopithecus aethiops kidney epithelial, Monolayer) was used as the model cell line and ME was showed 61.22% cell viability. ME, also showed insignificant antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, this study in the species provides the basic data for future studies for the species.

Tef and fonio‐morphology, determination of amino acids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of two gluten‐free grains

SummaryGlobal demand for gluten‐free products is rising, however, currently most lack protein and are nutritionally insufficient. Tef and fonio, two nutritious gluten‐free cereals might provide a good alternative. To evaluate their composition, a detailed profiling of their free amino acid (AA) and phenolic composition was performed, using UPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS, in addition to TPC and antioxidant activity. Grain morphology was also investigated. Our results reveal the presence of 18 AAs, including all essential, in both tef and fonio. l‐asparagine and l‐tryptophan were the most abundant, whereas cysteine and glutamine were absent. Levels of lysine were sufficient (4.39 and 6.72 mg g−1 DW for tef and fonio, respectively), but levels of methionine in fonio were low (0.45 mg g−1 DW). TPC was 0.87 and 0.38 mg GAE g−1 DW in tef and fonio, respectively. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in both cereals, ranging from 2246 μg g−1 DW to trace levels, with higher levels observed in tef. ABTS Antioxidant activity was 0.25 and 0.15 mg TE g−1 DW for tef and fonio, respectively, typical for cereals and millets. Overall, our work implies that tef and fonio can make a healthful contribution to human nutrition, and specifically be incorporated into gluten‐free diet to increase protein and polyphenol consumption.

Magnetic nanoparticles and cationic surfactants for the extraction and determination of phenolic compounds in environmental and biological samples

Magnetic nanoparticles and cationic surfactants for the extraction and determination of phenolic compounds in environmental and biological samples

Determination of Parabens and Phenolic Compounds in Dairy Products through the Use of a Two-Step Continuous SPE System Including an Enhanced Matrix Removal Sorbent in Combination with UHPLC-MS/MS.

Dairy products can be contaminated by parabens and phenolic compounds from a vast variety of sources, such as packaging and manufacturing processes, or livestock through feed and environmental water. A two-step continuous solid-phase extraction (SPE) and purification methodology was developed here for the determination of both types of compounds. In the first step, a sample extract is passed in sequence through an EMR-lipid sorbent and an Oasis PRiME HBL sorbent to remove fat and preconcentrate the analytes for subsequent detection and quantification by UHPLC-MS/MS. This method enabled the determination of 28 parabens and phenolic contaminant with excellent recovery (91-105%) thanks to the SPE sorbent combination used. The proposed method was validated through the determination of the target compounds, and was found to provide low detection limits (1-20 ng/kg) with only slight matrix effects (0-10%). It was used to analyse 32 different samples of dairy products with different packaging materials. Bisphenol A and bisphenol Z were the two phenolic compounds quantified in the largest number of samples, at concentrations over the range of 24-580 ng/kg, which did not exceed the limit set by European regulations. On the other hand, ethylparaben was the paraben found at the highest levels (33-470 ng/kg).

Reversed phase‐high‐performance liquid chromatography simultaneous estimation of phenolic compounds in hydroalcoholic extract of Potentilla fulgens root

AbstractThe roots of Potentilla fulgengs have been utilized for a long time as an astringent and tonic for treating gum and tooth diseases, microbial contagions, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and wounds and are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. Authentication and constant excellence are the rudimentary limitations of herbal medicines and their complexity is a key challenge for quality control. High‐performance liquid chromatography has become an important technique for the quality control of herbal medicines because of its simplicity and uniformity. It can be applied for the identification, confirmation, and quality control of herbal medicines. So, an approach using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in the hydroalcoholic extract (methanol:water::70:30% v/v) of Potentilla fulgens roots. The results revealed that ellagic acid was found in the highest amount (8.191 ± 0.463 mg/g) followed by rutin (5.429 ± 0.062 mg/g) and caffeic acid (3.032 ± 0.453 mg/g) among the studied phenolic compounds while quercetin was not detected. The validation parameters involved selectivity, linearity, range, limits of detection and quantitation, precision, and accuracy. All calibration curves were linear (R2 > 0.99) within the range, and good precision (relative standard deviation < 2.0%) and recovery (96.129%–117.110%) were found for all standards.

BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRADITIONAL ROMANIAN FERMENTED DRINKS - SOCATA AND BORȘ - A REVIEW

Fermented beverages are products that involve biochemical changes during the microaerophilic processes under the action of microorganisms and their secreted enzymes. Food fermentations include four main processes: lactic fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, acetic fermentation (which is an aerobic process) and alkaline fermentation. In this paper we aim to review the studies carried out on two Romanian traditional non-dairy fermented beverages which have not benefited of the attention they deserve, such as elderflower (Sambucus nigra) fermented drink (socata) and sour liquid soup seasoning (borș). These drinks are derived from a sweetened infusion of elder flowers (socata) and wheat bran (borș) that are fermented by consortia of microorganisms. Socata was shown to be fermented by consortia of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Borș is produced by fermentation with heterofermentative LAB. These traditional fermented beverages are characterized as a source of probiotics. Previous research has demonstrated that both are a rich source of bioactive/antioxidant flavonoids and phenolic acids, minerals and vitamins. Several techniques are used for the determination of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, such as the determination of individual phenolic compounds using HPLC, determination of total phenolic content using Folin- Ciocalteu reagent, determination of ABTS and DPPH radical cation scavenging activity, determination of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.

Comparative Study of Plantago media Extracts in the Treatment of Acanthamoeba sp. Trophozoites

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to compare the potency of Plantago media L. (Plantaginaceae) extracts on Acanthamoeba sp. trophozoites, which are opportunistic protozoan parasites leading to several dangerous diseases; (2) Methods: The chromatographically (TLC, HPLC-DAD) characterized water fractions of the extracts from biomass from in vitro cultures (shoots and roots), leaves, and inflorescences from field cultivation were used for the study of the acanthamoebic activity in a Thoma haemocytometer chamber; (3) Results: The anti-amoebic effect at the lowest concentration (1.0 mg/mL) was demonstrated only by the extract of the leaves from the cultivation (50.50% inhibition). The remaining samples inhibited the growth of parasites from a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL in the range of 41.36% inflorescences to 63.89% shoots in vitro. Quantitative determinations of phenolic compounds in the tested extracts indicate a tendency to increase the potency of the anti-amoebic effect with the content of a phenylethanoid glycoside—acteoside. The maximum content of this compound was determined in leaves from field cultivation (6.64%) and the minimum in inflorescences (0.65%). This is confirmed by the range of the lowest IC50 values (the strongest biological activity) for the tested samples, 0.95–1.80 mg/mL for leaves from cultivation, and the high values, 9.70–5.30 mg/mL for inflorescences and in-vitro-derived roots. The strength of the biological activity of the extracts correlated with the content of acteoside, which constituted 84–93% of the sum of phenolic compounds determined; (4) Conclusions: The performed investigations proved the anti-acanthamoebic efficacy of Plantago media organs, including those obtainable by biotechnological methods, and indicated phenylethanoid glycosides, their main phenolic constituents, to be responsible for the activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the amoebicidal activity of Plantago media extracts from biomass produced by biotechnological methods and organs of an intact plant.

Determination of endogenous phenolic compounds in honey by HPLC-MS/MS

To achieve the highly selective, sensitive, and universal analysis of endogenous phenolic compounds in honey, 24 phenolic compounds were simultaneously analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Honey samples were extracted using ethyl acetate and 0.01 mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution in two stages and cleaned by hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced columns. The 24 analytes exhibited good linearity, with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.2–1.0 and 0.6–3.0 μg/kg, respectively; the recoveries were 71.5%–115.2%, and the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were both <10%. Nine phenolic compounds, namely, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, hyperoside, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid, were detected and quantified in honey samples collected from the Xinjiang province of China. The results show that the method was simple, highly sensitive, and accurate as well as suitable for the simultaneous analysis of endogenous phenolic compounds in honey samples.

Nutritional Improvement of Fresh Cheese with Microalga Chlorella vulgaris: Impact on Composition, Structure and Sensory Acceptance.

The production of foods fortified with bioactive ingredients has been recognized by food companies as a way to position their products in health food markets. The fortification of cheese represents a major challenge, due to the chemical and structural complexity of the cheese matrix, as well as the complexity of the biochemical reactions occurring during the fermentation and maturation processes. Microalgae are nutritious and sustainable food sources with important bioactive compounds such as proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals. This work aims to study the impact of the 2 and 4 % microalga Chlorella vulgaris addition on the nutritional composition, bioactivity, structure and sensory profile of quark and cream cheese, both probiotic fermented products. Texture profile analysis and fundamental rheology measurements (oscillatory and stationary) were performed to evaluate the impact of C. vulgaris on the mechanical properties of the fresh cheese. The nutritional composition was evaluated using standard methods and bioactivity through the determination of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity.1. C. vulgaris had an impact on the firmness of both cheeses. In general, the cheese with added C. vulgaris had a better nutritional profile, with an increase in protein content, content of Mg, P, S, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn, and better bioactivity with an increase in the antioxidant activity. Sensory testing results were promising, especially for cream cheese. The enrichment of traditional foods such as fresh cheese with microalgae represents an interesting strategy to develop hybrid products (with protein from animal and vegetable sources), obtain innovative and more sustainable products, and improve their nutritional profile in terms of protein and mineral content and bioactivity.

RP-HPLC Method Development for Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Fruit Extracts of Momordica charantia from Different Locations in Malaysia

A sensitive, reproducible, and reliable reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with diode array detection (DAD) was developed and validated. Simultaneous determinations of five compounds; gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and caffeic acid in four types of Momordica charantia extracts; water, ethanol, water:ethanol (1:1) and acetone were conducted. The compounds were successfully separated by C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a gradient solvent system of 3% acetic acid in water:methanol:acetonitrile at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV detection was carried out at 280 nm. The standard curves of the five compounds were linear in the range of 0.0396 µg/mL–100 µg/mL. The intra-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4.97%, while the inter-assay RSD was less than 4.92%, whereas the accuracy was between 90.96% and 108.92%, respectively. Our optimised RP-HPLC-DAD method was capable to detect flavonoids and phenolic acid contents in four types of M. charantia fruits extracts simultaneously from five locations in Malaysia. The present method is recommended to be used for chemical analyses of phenolic compounds in other Momordica species.

Giresun’da Yetişen Fındık Ağacı (Corylus avellana L.) Yapraklarında Bazı Fenolik Bileşiklerin ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Araştırılması

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is an essential product with high economic value in global production. However, studies on hazelnut leaves have been limited so far. In this study, three types of (Yağlı (Tombul), Sivri and Haz) hazelnut tree leaves collected from two regions of Giresun were extracted with infusion method. Evaporation of the extracts and preparation of the samples in the glove box prior to analysis is one of the most critical points of this study. It was aimed to determine the amounts of phenolic compounds, the total amount of phenolic content and antioxidant activities in the extracts. The determination of phenolic compounds was determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocâlteu method. Antioxidant activity, 2,2-azino-bis(3ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH•) radical scavenging activities and iron (III) reduction/antioxidant power) tested with FRAP methods. The chubby hazelnut tree leaves (TFE) extract collected from Espiye Merkez has the highest ABTS•+ radical scavenging (SC50: 0.00023±3.9E-06 mg mL-1) and FRAP (882.75±8.24 µM TEAC) (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) exhibited antioxidant activity. In addition, raw hazelnut tree leaves (HFE) (SC50: 0.00033±1.3E-06 mg mL-1) and chubby hazelnut tree leaves (TFE) (SC50: 0.00034±1.7E-06 mg mL-1) collected from Espiye Merkez extracts exhibited almost the same DPPH• scavenging activity. TFE extract had the highest total phenolic content (163.33±4.36 GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent) µg mL-1 and 228.67±6.11 CE (Catechin Equivalent) µg mL-1). Gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, taxifolin, ellagic acid, quercetin and caffeic acid were detected in the analyzed leaves. The catechin amounts were 192.05±1.74 and 367.63±2.6 µg g-1 in the chubby (TFG) and pointed hazelnut leaves (SFY), respectively.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on mesoporous carbon hollow spheres/ZIF-67-derived Co-embedded N-doped carbon nanotubes composite for simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers in environmental water samples

Dihydroxybenzene isomers were environmental pollutants which were potential threat to human health. Accurately and rapidly detection of them is very valuable. In this study, a dihydroxybenzene isomer sensor based on mesoporous carbon hollow spheres/zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)-derived Co-embedded N-doped CNTs (MCHSs/Co@N-CNTs) was proposed. The MCHSs/Co@N-CNTs, with excellent conductivity and electrocatalytic, presented excellent electrochemical simultaneous detection for phenolic compounds. Under optimal conditions, the MCHSs/Co@N-CNTs/GCE showed wide linear range (CC: 2.5 μM-100 μM, HQ: 1.0 μM −150 μM, RS: 20 μM −1000 μM) and the detection limit (LOD) of CC, HQ and RS were 0.46, 0.27 and 4.21 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. Additionally, the reaction sites and mechanism of phenolic compounds were revealed by analyzing the electrochemical behavior with the help of density functional calculation. Moreover, the sensor showed satisfactory results in the determination of phenolic compounds in environmental water samples.

Evaluation of anti-HMG-CoA reductase potential and simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus cunia fruits by RP-HPLC

Evaluation of anti-HMG-CoA reductase potential and simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus cunia fruits by RP-HPLC

Chromatographic Assessment of the Concentration of Phenolic Compounds in Wild Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Extracts Obtained under Various Extraction Conditions

Results of a study of water and water–alcohol extracts of wild chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) depending on the conditions of their extraction by different methods are discussed. The test samples are wild chamomile samples collected in various regions of Russia. Phenolic components in their native forms were extracted from medicinal raw materials using infusion, maceration, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and subcritical extraction, and by the pharmacopoeial method. Concentrations of individual components and total phenolic compounds in wild chamomile were determined by chromatographic methods. The HPLC determination of phenolic compounds with diode-array and mass spectrometric detection was carried out using gradient elution with a mixture of acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid glycosides, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, dicaffeoylquinic and chicoric acid, apigenin-7-glucoside, and apigenin were identified in water and water–alcohol extracts of wild chamomile. The dependence of the concentration of phenolic compounds on the geographical place of the growth of plant raw materials was studied based on value of this parameter in extracts of wild chamomile samples from different territories. The maximum total concentration of phenolic compounds (10.1 mg/g) was found in the extract of chamomile from FarmaTsvet (Krasnogorsk, Moscow oblast).

Determination of phenolic bioactive compounds and evaluation of the antioxidant and hemolytic activities in the methanolic extracts of Tradescantia zebrina

Introduction: Tradescantia zebrina is a species used mainly in South America, with few reports about its chemical composition and bioactivity. Aim: To determine phenolic bioactive compounds, for the first time in the literature, and the antioxidant and hemolytic activities of extracts (dried and in natura) of this species. Methods: The extracts were obtained by maceration in methanol and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were expressed in mg equivalent of gallic acid (EAG)/g and quercetin (EQ) of extract, respectively. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical capture methods. The identification and quantification of phenolic bioactive compounds was performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode detector (HPLC-DAD) and, the hemolytic activity assay was performed by diffusion in blood agar, using the disk antiobiogram technique. Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts (in natura and dried) were 67.68 and 233.94 mg EAG/g and 29.70 and 10.99 mg EQ/g of concentrated extract, respectively. Phenolic acids (caffeic, ellagic, ferulic, ρ-coumaric and protocatechuic), flavonoids (chrysin and rutin) and a phenolic aldehyde (vanillin) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diodearray detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant activities were confirmed by inhibition of DPPH• (44.08%) and ABTS•+ (46.99%) radicals for in natura samples, respectively. Conclusion: The tested methanolic extracts of Tradescantia zebrina did not present toxicities when tested for hemolytic activity after 72 hours. Therefore, Tradescantia zebrina is a potential source of bioactive substances

Quantitative determination of phenolic compounds in propolis samples from the Black Sea Region (Türkiye) based on HPTLC images using partial least squares and genetic inverse least squares methods

The complex chemical composition of propolis is related to the plant source to be used by honeybees. Propolis type is defined based on the plant source with the highest proportion in its composition, which is determined by chromatographic techniques as high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). In addition to marker component identification to specify the propolis type, quantification of its proportion is also significant for prediction and reproducible pharmacological activity. One drawback for propolis marker component quantitation is that during the chromatographical analysis, not the main but the other plant sources with less proportion may cause interferences during the chemical analysis. In this study, the amounts of marker components were compared with the reference analysis data obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and from HPTLC images using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Genetic Inverse Least Squares (GILS) regression methods. Firstly, HPTLC images of propolis samples were processed by an image algorithm (developed in MATLAB) where the bands of each standard and the samples were cut same dimensional pieces as 351 × 26 pixels in height and width, respectively. Simultaneously, reference analysis of the marker components in propolis samples was performed with a validated HPLC method. Consequently, the reference values obtained from HPLC versus PLS, and GILS predicted values of the eight compounds based on the digitized HPTLC images of the chromatograms were found to be matched successfully. The results of the multivariate calibration models demonstrated that HPTLC images could be used quantitatively for quality control of propolis used as a food supplement.