Determination Of Lead In Fish Research Articles

Determination of Lead in fish, water and sediment

The objective of the study is to determine the concentration of Lead in water, sediment and the marine species, Indo-Pacific king mackerel popularly known as Spotted Seer fish (Scomberomorus Guttus) collected near seashore of Bay of Bengal from 5 locations (Pulicat, Ennore, Marina, Mahabalipuram and Kalpakkam) in North Chennai in 4 different seasons (Summer, Monsoon, Post-Monsoon, and Winter). The concentrations of Lead in each sample were determined using AAS method. Maximum concentrations of Lead in fish samples collected from different locations were 0.563 mg/kg (Pulicat Summer), 0.722 mg/kg (Ennore Summer), 0.616 mg/kg (Marina Monsoon), 0.363 mg/kg (Mahabalipuram Summer) and 0.673 mg/kg (Kalpakkam Post-Monsoon). Maximum concentration of Lead in water samples collected from different locations were 0.016 mg/l (PulicatSummer), 0.015 mg/l (EnnoreMonsoon), 0.012 mg/l (MarinaMonsoon and winter),0.014 mg/l (MahabalipuramMonsoon) and 0.016 mg/l (KalpakkamMonsoon). The maximum concentrations of Lead in sediments collected from different locations were 1.083 mg/kg (PulicatPostmonsoon), 1.481 mg/kg (EnnoreMonsoon), 0.848 mg/kg (MarinaSummer), 1.004 mg/kg (MahabalipuramSummer) and 0.904 mg/kg (KalpakkamPost-monsoon).

Magnetic nanoparticles as sorbent for preconcentration and determination of lead in fish and water samples

In the present work, a procedure for the preconcentration and determination of lead trace amounts of lead in fish species and water samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) is proposed, which is based on the batch solid phase extraction of lead ions by modified magnetic nanoparticles. An optimization process was performed using two-level fractional factorial designs (24-1) and a Box–Behnken matrix. Four variables (pH of solution, nanoparticles mass, morin mass, and shaking time) were regarded as factors in the optimization. The detection limit of the proposed method was found to be 81.0 ng/l. Six samples of fish and three samples of water (tap, river, and lake) were analyzed for lead. The lead contents ranged in fish from 0.013 to 0.038 μg/g and in water from 7.1 to 9.0 μg/l.

On-line microwave-assisted sample decomposition for lead determination in fish slurry samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

An on-line microwave-assisted decomposition procedure for the determination of lead in fish is proposed. 300 µL slurry and 400 µL of a 6 mol L-1 HNO3 solution were simultaneously injected, and the mixture was positioned inside a microwave oven. The decomposed sample inside the flushing solution was collected in the autosampler cup of a graphite furnace. The proposed procedure covered the 2.5 to 25 µg L-1 Pb range and presented a detection limit of 0.72 µg L-1 Pb. Precision expressed as RSD, was 10.5% (n = 20) for repeatability and 14.3% (n = 10) for reproducibility. Accuracy was assessed using standard reference material, and also by comparing the results to a nitric-perchloric decomposition procedure.

Determination of lead in fish by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A method is presented for the determination of lead in fish species based on electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry of tissues previously treated in a microwave acid digestion bomb. The samples were injected into a graphite tube provided with a L'vov platform. The concentrations of lead in fish ranged from 15.8 to 303.3 ng g −1.

Lead hydride generation in a lactic acid-potassium dichromate medium and its application to the determination of lead in fish, vegetable and drink samples

The effect of different acids on the efficiency of lead hydride generation in potassium dichromate oxidant medium was investigated and lactic acid-potassium dichromate was found to give optimum lead hydride generation. Various parameters affecting sensitivity and the influence of interfering ions were studied. The sensitivity of the method (0.44 ng) is greater than published values for ammonium peroxodisulphate-nitric acid (20.0 hg) and hydrogen peroxide-nitric acid (10.0 ng). This could be because lactic acid stabilizes the Pb(IV) metastable compounds more effectively, acting as intermediate species in lead hydride formation. The method was applied to the determination of lead in liquids (tap water and wine) and fish and vegetable samples. The liquids were analysed directly without preconcentration or mineralization and the solids after wet digestion or slurry formation; these two sample preparation methods gave similar results.

Evaluation of oxidant media for the determination of lead in food slurries by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Several oxidant media were evaluated for the generation of lead hydride from slurry samples and their application to the determination of lead in vegetables and fish by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Three oxidant - acid media were compared: hydrogen peroxide - nitric acid, ammonium persulphate - nitric acid and potassium dichromate - lactic acid. The powdered samples were suspended in Triton X-100 and shaken with 10.0 g of blown zirconia spheres until a slurry was formed. The potassium dichromate - lactic acid medium was the most satisfactory for the determination of lead in fish and vegetables, providing the lowest detection limits as a result of its high sensitivity and low blank values. The ammonium persulphate - nitric acid medium gave good accuracy, precision and selectivity for vegetables (1-2 p.p.m. of lead); however, with fish (0.1-1 p.p.m. of lead) it was only a semi-quantitative medium for the determination of lead owing to its lack of sensitivity and selectivity. The hydrogen peroxide - nitric acid medium was unsatisfactory for the generation of lead hydride from slurry samples because of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by the organic matter in the sample.

Determination of lead in fish by furnace atomic absorption.

Determination of lead in fish by furnace atomic absorption.

Determination of Lead in Fish by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and by Polarography. I. Development of the Methods

Abstract A method for the determination of lead in fish by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and polarography is described. The samples were dry-ashed at 500°C and dissolved in IN HC1; lead was determined by either method. Good agreement between atomic absorption spectrophotometry and polarography was obtained at levels of 1.0 to 10.0 ppm. Over this range the recoveries averaged 96.1% for polarography and 93.8% for atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Twelve species of fresh and salt water fish were analyzed.

Determination of Lead in Fish by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and by Polarography. II. Collaborative Study

Abstract Nineteen laboratories, using 6 different models of atomic absorption spectrophotometers and 4 different types of polarographs, participated in this collaborative study. The average lead recoveries from 6 paired samples at 1–2, 5–6, and 10–11 ppm levels were 97.7% by polarography and 100.7% by atomic absorption. The average standard deviations were 0.32 and 0.41 ppm, respectively, and the average coefficients of variation were 7.9 and 13.1%, respectively. With collaborators reporting on both methods, the results of the overall method average were 4.3 ppm for polarography and 4.4 ppm for atomic absorption. Since there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) found between the method averages, except at one of the unspiked levels, the 2 methods can be used to confirm each other at levels of 1-11 ppm. The polarographic method has been adopted as official first action for the determination of lead in fish.