Detergent Products Research Articles

The Preferences of Consumers When Selecting Clothing Detergent Products

The retailing environment has shown that consumer purchases are dependent upon the consideration and subsequent evaluation of product attributes. Consumer’s selection of products are driven by their preferences for the attributes that the products possess. The aim of this study was to investigate product attribute preferences for cross-category shopping products in Durban. The quantitative study design based on a cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted. The study population consisted of consumers within the city of Durban. The study sampled 213 students selected from three universities in Durban (University A, B and C). Research respondents were chosen using convenience sampling. Respondents were purposely selected based on their capacity to give meaningful information relevant to the study. The Cronbach alpha test was conducted to test for reliability of the first instrument. The results indicated acceptable, consistent scoring patterns for the sections of the research instrument. The study revealed that for clothing detergent products, product form is the most important attribute followed by product effectiveness. It is important to note that significant differences were found in the respondent's preferences for product attributes in terms of the respondent's demographics. For clothing detergents, significant differences were found in terms of respondents preferences for the price, scent, size and product form of clothing detergents. Subsequently, generalised product attribute preferences were obtained. The findings of the study are limited due to the low response rate among older respondents. Future studies may benefit from investigating sub-categories. Moreover, future studies should consider other consumer segmentation methods in order to better understand and classify retail behaviour when developing modelling approaches. Retail managers may benefit from communicating more value for money for their skincare product offerings. Brands that are synonymous with longer lasting products either through offering more volume or products that require less application to achieve desired results may provide a competitive advantage.

Microplastic-Free Microcapsules to Encapsulate Health-Promoting Limonene Oil.

Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry has long included many appealing essential oils in products to meet consumers' needs. Among all, the demand for limonene (LM) has recently surged due to its broad-spectrum health benefits, with applications in cosmetic, detergent, and food products. However, LM is extremely volatile, hence has often been encapsulated for a longer shelf-life. To date, mostly non-biodegradable synthetic polymers have been exploited to fabricate the microcapsule shells, and the resulting microcapsules contribute to the accumulation of microplastic in the environment. So far, information on LM-entrapping microcapsules with a natural microplastic-free shell and their mechanism of formation is limited, and there is lack of an in-depth characterisation of their mechanical and adhesive properties, which are crucial for understanding their potential performance at end-use applications. The present research aims towards developing safe microcapsules with a core of LM fabricated via complex coacervation (CC) using gum Arabic (GA) and fungally sourced chitosan (fCh) as shell precursors. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) for LM was quantified by gas chromatography (GC) separation method. The morphology of microcapsules was investigated via bright-field optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and their mechanical properties were characterised using a micromanipulation technique. Moreover, the adhesive properties of the resulting microcapsules were studied via a bespoke microfluidic device fitted with a polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) substrate and operating at increasingly hydrodynamic shear stress (HSS). Spherical core-shell microcapsules (EE ~45%) with a mean size of 38 ± 2 μm and a relatively smooth surface were obtained. Their mean rupture force and nominal rupture stress were 0.9 ± 0.1 mN and 2.1 ± 0.2 MPa, respectively, which are comparable to those of other microcapsules with synthetic shells, e.g., urea- and melamine-formaldehyde. It was also found that the fCh-GA complexed shell provided promising adhesive properties onto PET films, leading to a microcapsule retention of ~85% and ~60% at low (≤50 mPa) and high shear stress (0.9 Pa), respectively. Interestingly, these values are similar to the adhesion data available in literature for microplastic-based microcapsules, such as melamine-formaldehyde (50-90%). Overall, these findings suggest that microplastics-free microcapsules with a core of oil have been successfully fabricated, and can offer a potential for more sustainable, consumer- and environmentally friendly applications in FMCGs.

Receiving triacetin from sunflower oil

One of the promising types of vegetable raw materials in Ukraine, which can be used for the development of resource-saving technologies, are vegetable oils. The products of their processing serve as raw materials for obtaining surface-active substances, which are used in the production of food additives, pharmaceutical products, detergents and cosmetics, biofuels and additives. The most common oil in Ukraine is sunflower, which, like other vegetable oils, can be processed to form fatty acids and their salts. The initial process of vegetable oil processing is hydrolysis. The technological parameters of the sunflower oil hydrolysis process under different conditions were studied. It was investigated that the alkaline hydrolysis of sunflower oil in the presence of sodium hydroxide proceeds the fastest in comparison with thermal methods in the presence of sulfuric acid and superheated steam, the conversion of raw materials reaches 100 % in the 25th minute of the experiment, at a process temperature of 60 °C. The waste in this process is a glycerol solution, which can be used to obtain its esters for the purpose of implementing a zero-waste technology scheme. A method of using sunflower oil hydrolysis waste is proposed, which consists in its esterification with acetic acid, as a result of which triacetin is formed – a valuable product for use in many sectors of the national economy. In the food industry, triacetin is known as a food additive under the code E1518, which is used as a humectant and stabilizer to preserve freshness, as a plasticizer and binder thickener, as a solvent and odor fixer. Due to its ability to be broken down into its components – glycerol and acetic acid and absorbed without any side effects in the human body, triacetin is safe for use. It was investigated that the esterification reaction between the waste product of the hydrolysis of vegetable oil – a solution of glycerin in water and acetic acid took place at a conversion of raw materials of 100 %, while the selectivity of the target product remained constant at the level of 80 %. At the same time, the concentration of the glycerol solution did not affect either the amount of conversion or the value of selectivity. As a catalyst in this process, p-toluenesulfonic acid was used in a relatively small amount – 1.0 % by volume, so it did not significantly affect the composition of the reaction products, and this, in the future, makes it possible to conduct the process without additional purification from traces of the catalyst.

Biomolecules from Serratia sp. CS1 indigenous to Ethiopian natural alkaline lakes: biosurfactant characteristics and assessment of compatibility in a laundry detergent.

In this study, the biosurfactants (Bio-SFs) producing bacteria are screened from the selected alkaline lake of Ethiopia, and the potential bacterial strain and their produced Bio-SFs are further characterized. In an initial screening, 25 bacterial isolates were isolated, and among those, the bacterial isolate assigned as CS1 was identified as the most potent producer of Bio-SFs using a subsequent characterization process. The CS1 strain was identified as Serratia sp. via biochemical and molecular methods. An emulsion index (E24) of 69.06 ± 0.11% was obtained for CS1 after 5days of incubation time at 30°C. The CS1-extracted Bio-SFs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and it indicated that the type of biosurfactant produced was a glycolipid. The stability of the crude Bio-SFs was characterized, and the optimal conditions were found to be 80°C, pH 8, and 3% NaCl, respectively. The extracted Bio-SFs were compatible with tested commercial detergents, and its efficiency increased from 12.2 ± 0.1% to 67.1 ± 0.17% and 70.43 ± 0.11% when combined with commercially available detergent brands in Ethiopia such as Taza and Largo, respectively. This study suggests that the isolated S. marcescens CS1 strain has the potential to produce Bio-SFs that are viable competence to replace the use of synthetic chemicals in the production of commercial detergents.

Identification of Spoilage Bacteria in Non-Food Products and Their Inhibition Using Botanical Extracts

Microbial contamination of non-food products is unavoidable since most industrial production cannot guarantee completely sterile end products. Therefore, biocides are added to postpone spoilage. In the last decade, legislation and social acceptance of chemicals have changed tremendously, leading to a growing interest in botanical extracts as alternatives. Here, we identified the bacterial contaminants from 16 expired non-food products, both by a culturing method and a metagenetics approach, revealing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae as the most common spoilage bacteria. Next, we evaluated 636 botanical extracts for antibacterial activity against a panel of 11 challenge strains, showing broad activity for extracts of a.o. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ficus hispida, and Toddalia asiatica. Finally, their antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a paint and a detergent product matrix, showing their potential as more sustainable alternatives to synthetic chemical biocides.

Analysis of a Liquid Handwashing Detergent Product and Identification with an Infrared Absorption Spectrum and a Reflectance Graph

Detergent products are by their chemical composition complex materials, commonly classified by their origin as a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants, or as of single surfactants. One of the most prominent applications of detergents is for domestic cleaning [1] as for the detergents currently examined.

Executing Quality Management Tools to Enhance Customer’s Journey at a Clothes Laundry Firm

Purpose: This project aims to assess and enhance the customer’s journey at a laundry company in Saudi Arabia from when the customer arrives at the parking lot of the laundry store until receiving the services and payment. Design, methodology, approach: A mixed-method approach was employed, in which qualitative data were gathered from focus group interviews and solo interviews, and quantitative data were gathered through the survey. Moreover, Quality Management Tools were used to build the action plan and offer conclusions and recommendations that would enhance the customer’s journey and improve satisfaction. Findings: Services quality issues are categorized into five categories: promotions, human resources; services; detergent products, and facilities. House of Quality represents the highest 15 prioritized solutions. These recommended solutions' relative weights range between 9% to 4%. The use of these tools highlights areas for improvement and the root causes of each issue. The seven quality tools are trustworthy tools to conquer challenges faced by the company and may be effective in improving service quality to positively strengthen organizational performance, customer satisfaction, and success. Originality, value: There are limited studies practically employing the seven Quality Management Tools to enhance customer satisfaction and improve their journey. The Saudi laundry market specifically has a dearth of this type of study. Furthermore, this market has seen rapid growth since it is known as a part of the SME sector in recent few years.

Novel intensified process for ethanolamines production using reactive distillation and dividing-wall column technologies

Monoethanolamine is an essential chemical used as feedstock in the production of detergents, emulsifiers, pharmaceuticals, polishes, corrosion inhibitors, and chemical intermediates. It is produced industrially by treating ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia, but the reaction also leads to di- and tri-ethanolamine as less desired by-products.This study is the first to propose an intensified process for the production of ethanolamines combining reactive distillation (RD) and dividing-wall column (DWC) technologies. The process was optimized to maximize the MEA selectivity (over 71%), as the ratio of the products can be controlled by the stoichiometry of the reactants. Rigorous process simulations and sensitivity analysis of key process parameters have been carried out using Aspen Plus, for a plant with a production capacity of 11.5 ktpy ethanolamines. The overall process has been designed to produce ethanolamines with minimal energy utilization and reduced capital cost. Economic and sustainability analysis have been carried out showing the key benefits of the proposed process as compared to the conventional one used in industry: CapEx reduction of 7.3%, OpEx savings of 42%, and TAC improvements of 31.3%.

Indoor Air Quality Monitoring and Characterization of Airborne Workstations Pollutants within Detergent Production Plant.

The indoor air quality (IAQ) of five workstations within a detergent production unit was monitored. Particulate matter (PM) was measured using a gravitational settlement method, and later characterized. To ascertain the quality of indoor air within the workstations, which could directly or indirectly affect the health and performance of the workers, a physical inspection of the plant premises was undertaken. The mean value of the following air-quality parameters; particulate matter(PM2.5), particulate matter (PM10), formaldehyde (HCHO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature (T) and percent relative humidity (%RH) were obtained within the range of 24.5–48.5 µg/m3, 26.75–61.75 µg/m3, 0.0–0.012 mg/m3, 0.09–1.35 mg/m3, 1137–1265 ppm, 25.65–28.15 °C and 20.13–23.8%, respectively. Of the particulate matter components characterized, sodium oxide (Na2O)—25.30 mg/m3, aluminum oxide (Al2O3)—22.93 mg/m3, silicon dioxide (SiO2)—34.17 mg/m3, sulfur trioxide (SO3)—41.57 mg/m3, calcium oxide (CaO)—10.94 mg/m3 and iron III oxide (Fe2O3)—19.23 mg/m3, were of significance. These results, compared with international standards for industrial indoor air quality, suggest that indoor air contamination emanating from the chemicals used in production workstations is traced to the design of the plant structures and the activities carried out within the workstations.

LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) INTO LAUNDRY DETERGENT PRODUCT

? ? ? ? ?This study was conducted to evaluate the experimented product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Liquid Laundry Detergent Product. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: What are the ingredients used in making laundry detergent product?, What are the methods and procedures used in making laundry detergent product as to liquid laundry detergent and fabric softener?, What is the level of acceptability of laundry detergent product in terms of appearance, scent, texture and usefulness?, Is there a significant difference between the evaluation of the acceptability of laundry detergent product using lemongrass and the level of acceptability of branded commercial detergent?, and What is the laboratory analysis of lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) laundry detergent product? ????????? The study made use of experimental and descriptive method. Though in its entirety this research is experimental in design the evaluation is descriptive to determine the acceptability of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) into Laundry Detergent Product with a total of thirty (30) family members of Barangay Bagumbayan, Santa Cruz, Laguna and ten (10) business owners within the Municipality of Santa Cruz, Laguna were involved. Questionnaires was the main tool used to gather data about the developed laundry detergent product. The overall acceptability of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Liquid Laundry Detergent as rated by business owners and family members was interpreted as in terms of appearance is 4.53, scent is 4.845, texture is 4.55 and usefulness is 4.655 respectively which implies as very strongly acceptable. While the overall acceptability of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Fabric Softener as rated by business owners and family members was interpreted as in terms of appearance is 4.88, scent is 4.75, texture is 4.585 and usefulness is 4.715 respectively which implies as very strongly acceptable. Based on the findings of data presented the ratings of the group of respondents meant that there was no significant on the ratings given by them on the level of acceptability of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Liquid Laundry Detergent in terms of appearance (t=-0.907, p=0.376), scent (t=1.116, p=0.279), texture (t=0.124, p=0.903), usefulness (t=-0.478, p= 0.639) as reflected by the computed t-value and p-value which are almost the same as with the commercially branded laundry detergent. While the findings of the data presented the ratings of the group of respondents meant that there was no significant on the ratings given by them on the level of acceptability of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Fabric Softener and commercially branded fabric softener in terms of appearance (t=-1.464, p=0.160), scent (t=0.545, p=0.593), texture (t=0.361, p=0.722), and usefulness (t=-0.624, p=0.541 as reflected by the computed t-value and p-value which are almost the same as with the commercially branded laundry detergent as per evaluation of the respondents. Laboratory tests revealed significant information about the Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Liquid Laundry Detergent Product with the following sample code test analysis respectively which states that the liquid laundry detergent, lemongrass oil, washing soda, fabric softener, sodium benzoate and washing soda have high percentage of antibacterial content on a certain bacterium as the Staphylococcus Aureus. Conclusion ????????? The analysis of data presented and the ratings of the group of respondents meant that there was no significant difference in the ratings of the acceptability of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Liquid Laundry Detergent and Fabric Softener in terms of appearance, scent, texture and usefulness. Recommendations In view of the findings and conclusion of the study, the following recommendations are given: 1) Look for another ingredient/s for the liquid laundry detergents bubbler that will help produce more bubbles while washing so that the consumer will enjoy the washing, 2) Find some ingredient as liquid viscosity that will makes the liquid laundry detergent thicker than the usual, 3) Container of the liquid laundry detergent product should be uniform in shape and size with distinction of which is the liquid detergent and fabric softener, 4) Do bring the detergent for a test in a laboratory to find out its best before date or expiration and have it written on the label, 5) For future researchers who will conduct same study to try other coloring on the laundry detergent to become more appealing to the possible buyer.

Analysis of a Detergent Product and Identification with an Infrared Absorption Spectrum and a Reflectance Graph

One of the used methods for characterizing thin films of materials is UV-Vis absorption [1], using a diffuse reflectance spectrum [2]. While the technique is simple it is seldom used for detergent solutions. The creation of the tauc plot for the indirect allowed transition for the band gap calculation in a liquid detergent is a research area that has not been explored before. Electronic transitions are direct and indirect [3].

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf essential oil: Unraveling potential benefits on human skin

The essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf is widely used for the production of fragrances, cosmetics, and detergents. However, there is no information on the effects of formulations containing C. citratus essential oil (EOCC) on human skin. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of formulation containing EOCC on human skin physiology. The study involved participants of both sexes (n=12). Two areas (3 cm x 3 cm) were drawn on both forearms. One randomly chosen area was treated for 14 days, 2 times/day with polyacrylic acid gel containing 5% EOCC and the other was used as a control for the same time period. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, epidermal lipids, and biomechanics were measured (D0 and D14). High resolution Sonography images were also obtained. Results revealed a significant decrease in TEWL, a significant increase in hydration, firmness and elasticity, and a decrease in lipids, in the areas treated with EOCC. Sonography showed an increase in echogenicity of the epidermis after applying the formulation indicating that the essential oil penetrates only the most superficial layers of the skin. Results also suggest that formulations containing EOCC are safe for topical application and can improve and protect human skin. Keywords: Cymbopogon citratus; essential oil; citral; lemongrass

미생물 유래 설팩틴을 활용한 친환경 세척제 개발 및 평가

Surfactants are used in various industrial fields. Synthetic surfactants, which are widely used, are chemically synthesized from petroleum. However, they cause water quality problems are highly toxic, not biodegradable, and lead to environmental pollution. Conversely, bio-surfactants are easily biodegradable, low in toxicity, and excellent in removing fat. Biosurfactants can be used in place of chemically synthesized surfactants, which are ecologically unfriendly. Many types of biosurfactants can be obtained from microorganisms. In this study, an eco detergent was developed using surfactin, which is one of the surfactants obtained from the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KB3. The characteristics of the surfactin were confirmed prior to analysis. The results showed that emulsification activity in soybean oil was 2.815, and the emulsification stability was -1.7 (Kd, 10^-3). The critical micelle concentration range was 35 - 40 mg/L, and the surface tension was approximately about 36 mN/m. The biodegradability of the surfactin was 83.8 %, confirming that it can be used effectively as a surfactant for an eco detergent. The performance of the surfactin developed ecodetergent was physically compared with the commercial synthetic detergent products, and it was confirmed that the ecodetergent is superior.

Sponge–Microbial Symbiosis and Marine Extremozymes: Current Issues and Prospects

Marine microorganisms have great potential for producing extremozymes. They enter useful relationships like many other organisms in the marine habitat. Sponge–microbial symbiosis enables both sponges and microorganisms to mutually benefit each other while performing their activities within the ecosystem. Sponges, because of their nature as marine cosmopolitan benthic epifaunas and filter feeders, serve as a host for many extremophilic marine microorganisms. Potential extremozymes from microbial symbionts are largely dependent on their successful relationship. Extremozymes have found relevance in food processing, bioremediation, detergent, and drug production. Species diversity approach, industrial-scale bioremediation, integrative bioremediation software, government and industrial support are considered. The high cost of sampling, limited research outcomes, low species growth in synthetic media, laborious nature of metagenomics projects, difficulty in the development of synthetic medium, limited number of available experts, and technological knowhow are current challenges. The unique properties of marine extremozymes underpin their application in industry and biotechnological processes. There is therefore an urgent need for the development of cost-effective methods with government and industry support.

Physico-chemical and nutraceutical properties of Cola lepidota seed oil

Abstract The extraction and preliminary characterization of oil from Cola lepidota seed were studied in this paper. The extraction was done in a Soxhlet extractor with n-Hexane as the solvent. The iodine value, acid value, saponification value, and peroxide value of the oil were all measured quantitatively. The oil yielded 1.10 percent, with an iodine value of 57.67 ± 0.01 mg/100 g, an acid value of 15.50 ± 0.01 mg/KOH/g, a saponification value of 125.69 ± 0.15 mg/KOH/g, and a peroxide value of 5.04 ± 0.06 meq/kg/L. GC-MS was used to identify phytochemicals such as hydrouracil, 1,2-propanediol, glycerine, divinyl sulphide, glucitol, and benzoic acid. The findings of this study revealed that the oil has phytochemicals and nutraceutical qualities, indicating that it might be screened and employed in supplementing human and animal diets, as well as in the production of cosmetics and detergents.

Potential of some surfactant mixtures for production of eco-friendly detergents used in seawater

Mixtures of surfactants are the most important ingredients which are combined to improve the application properties of liquid detergent. In this study, we evaluated the biological, chemical, and physical properties of various mixtures of anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric surfactants. The results showed that the SAM5 formulation, consisting of SLES/AOS/CAPB and APG (70:15:5:10, w/w/w/w), was the highest cleaning effective in removing petroleum oily residues in seawater (94.78%). Among six formulations, SAM5 presented the best performance with highly foaming volume (335 mL), good foam stability (95.52%), and low surface tension (24.17 mN/m), readily biodegradable, and corrosion resistance ability. SAM5 formulation is used for further research and application in manufacturing a new liquid detergent used in seawater to remove petrolium oily residues.

Preparasi Detergen Penyuci Najis Air Liur Anjing dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat (MES)

The kaolin detergent preparation as an alternative a dog saliva cleanser has been carried out by varying the concentration of Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant. This study aims to obtain the best kaolin detergent composition based on the results of physicochemical testing. The manufacture of kaolin detergent in this study has three stages. The first step is the preparation and characterization of kaolin using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The second step is the manufacture of kaolin detergent with various concentrations of MES surfactant by 10%, 14%, and 18% (w/w). The third step is testing the physicochemical properties which include organoleptic, pH, foam stability, and surface tension. The results showed that kaolin used in the manufacture of detergents has the main mineral content in the form of kaolinite is shown at 2θ=12,24o (d=7,24 Å) and 2θ=24,78o (d=3,58 Å). Based on the results of physicochemical testing, kaolin detergent F3 (MES 18%) was chosen as the best kaolin detergent because it has a thick and homogeneous liquid form, soft texture, white color, has a coconut milk smell, pH 8,270, and surface tension of 0,010 Nm-1.

Comparative Evaluation of Industrial Phosphoric Acids Desulfation Capabilities of Limes and Barium Carbonate

Industrial phosphoric acid is an omnipresent product in the food industry and in the production of fertilisers and detergents. The presence of impurities in the raw material results in a relatively charged acid with various chemical species at the expense of its quality and use. These impurities include sulfate ions that precipitate into phosphoric acid during its manufacture. A desulfation is thus necessary. This study focuses on the reduction of free sulfates in phosphoric acid as impurities. This resulted in the use of three different adjuvants: lime, limestone, and barium carbonate. Three initial sulfate levels mainly contained in phosphoric acid were investigated: 2%, 4% and 6%. After experimentation, the comparison between the resulting yields allows considering barium carbonate as the most effective adjuvant. The desulfation efficiency was 95% in a very short stirring time of 15 min, independently of the initial sulphate content of phosphoric acid. The tests carried out with lime and limestone also lead to very interesting desulfation rates for phosphoric acid with an initial sulfate content of 2 or 4%.

Utilization of Hibiscus Leaves Extract as an Environmentally Friendly Detergent Active Ingredients

Detergent is an ingredient used to maintain cleanliness. In the manufacture of detergents, an active ingredient in the form of LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate) surfactant is often added to kill bacteria. In addition to using synthetic materials, natural ingredients can also be used that can act as antibacterial. One of the natural ingredients with antibacterial activity is hibiscus leaves (Hibiscus tilianceus L). The use of hibiscus leaf extract as a substitute for LAS surfactants aims to reduce the impact of environmental pollution The purpose of this research was to find the right formula in the manufacture of liquid detergent made from hibiscus leaf extract and determine its quality based on SNI 06-0475-1996. The research method used is experimental research that produces qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data include phytochemical tests, organoleptic tests, hard water emulsion stability tests, and cleaning power tests. The resulting quantitative data includes the characteristics of the liquid detergent produced based on testing pH, specific gravity, antimicrobial test, phenol coefficient, and levels of active substances. Based on the study, results showed that hibiscus leaf extract contained secondary metabolites in the form of saponins, triterpenoid/steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. The antibacterial test showed that hibiscus leaf liquid detergent had antibacterial activity 1.67 times more effective than phenol. The product test results show that the liquid detergent of hibiscus leaves has the quality according to SNI 06-0475-1996.Keywords: Hibiscus Leaf Extract; Eco-Friendly Detergent; Hibiscus leaves; Surfactant; LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate)

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ СИНТЕЗА ЖИДКОГО СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО МОЮЩЕГО СРЕДСТВА «ФЗ-26» И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

The article presents findings from a study into disposal of the technological alkaline solution formed in the amount of 2000 tons/ a year, in course of the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride at JSC “Navoiyazot”. A composition of a liquid detergent based on synthetic surfactants and secondary raw materials – an alkaline solution formed during the synthesis of vinyl chloride, has been developed. Physicochemical properties of the developed composition have been determined, on the basis of which the laboratory regulations for production of technical detergents have been compiled. The possibility of creating an industrial technology for manufacture of technical detergent based on a secondary product – a process solution of alkali, which is expected to boost profitability of the polyvinyl chloride production and solve one of the environmental problems of this enterprise, is shown.