Detection Of Dopamine In Presence Research Articles

Effect of TX-100 pretreatment on carbon paste electrode for selective sensing of dopamine in presence of paracetamol

Dopamine (DA) is one of the chief neurotransmitters present in the central nervous system of mammals. Therefore detection of DA in presence of various analytes like paracetamol has great importance. In the current work, we are proposing that Triton X-100 (TX-100) pretreated carbon paste electrode (CPE) can be useful to detect the DA selectively in presence of PA. After the pretreatment CPE can detect DA in presence of PA effectively. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to observe the amplified electron transfer reaction between the modified CPE and DA. To understand electron transfer regioselectivity at the TX-100 pretreated CPE, a dual descriptor was used. The prepared electrode showed satisfactory stability when kept under ambient conditions. The proposed approach also showed excellent analytical applicability to identify DA and PA in commercial formulations. The scope of the work is limited to detecting DA in presence of PA. We will consider the other interferes for future works.

Acid Modified Graphene Oxide from used Battery Rods Loaded with 2-{(E)-[(3-hydroxyphenyl) imino] methyl} phenol: Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine in Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid in Aqueous Medium

The graphite rods of used batteries have been utilized as source for Graphene Oxide (GO). The Acid Modified Graphene Oxide (AMGO) is loaded with Schiff base obtained from salicylaldehyde and 3-amino phenol. Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) surface when modified with the Schiff base loaded AMGO acts as electrochemical sensor for Dopamine (DA) in presence of Uric Acid (UA) and Ascorbic Acid (AA). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) shows well separated peaks for DA from UA and AA. The DA peak intensity increases in the three techniques with DA concentration. The linear range for the detection of dopamine is observed from 9.09 × 10-4 M to 1.70 × 10-3 M in presence of 1.00 × 10-1 M Ascorbic Acid and 1.00 × 10-2 M uric acid. The detection limit is estimated to be 9.38 × 10-10 M.

Carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide based electrochemical sensor for detection of dopamine in presence of ascorbic acid, uric acid and synthetic cerebrospinal fluid

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter and plays a vital role in the proper functioning of human metabolism. Therefore, fabrication of a sensitive sensor for the detection of dopamine is crucial. The work reports detection of dopamine in presence of interfering ascorbic acid, uric acid, Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , urea and glucose. The linear range for the detection of dopamine is observed from 1.07×10 -4 M to 2.19×10 -4 M in presence of 1.00×10 -3 M ascorbic acid and 1.00×10 -3 M uric acid. The detection limit is estimated to be 1.46×10 -8 M.

Solid phase mechanochemical synthesis of Poly(o-anisidine) protected Silver nanoparticles for electrochemical dopamine sensor

Among the π-conjugate conducting polymers, polyaniline derivatives have much attention and attraction due to their efficient applications in many fields in the past three decade. In this work, we have reported the in-situ synthesis of Poly(o-anisidine) (POA) and POA protected Silver nanoparticles (POA@Ag) nanocomposites by green approach like solid phase mechanochemical method using sulfate salt of o-anisidine (o-Anisidine hydrogen sulfate or anisidinium sulfate) as a monomer and AgNO3 is play a vital role as a metal precursor as well as oxidant. The structure, morphology, composition, size, crystallinity and thermal stability of POA@Ag were analyzed using various instruments techniques. The transformation of emeraldine salt to emeraldine base form in its polymeric backbone is monitored by UV–vis and FT-IR studies in detail. The electrochemical performances of newly fabricated POA@Ag/GCE obtained more stability over the detection of dopamine (DA) and high sensitivity in trace level by the methods of Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry. The working linear ranges of the electrode by DPV and chronoamperometry was 10–130 μM, 5–45 μM and its detection limits 2.8 and 0.83 μM, respectively. Furthermore, POA@Ag/GCE sensor has excellent selectively towards the detection of DA in presence of additional electroactive agent.

β-Cyclodextrin-capped ZnO-doped carbon dot as an advanced fluorescent probe for selective detection of dopamine

Selective and sensitive detection of dopamine in presence of other interfering biomolecules using β-cyclodextrin-capped ZnO-doped carbon dot.

FeTiO3 nanohexagons based electrochemical sensor for the detection of dopamine in presence of uric acid

A simple hydrothermal synthesis of FeTiO3 nanohexagons and its application in the detection of dopamine (DA) in presence of uric acid (UA) was reported. The FeTiO3 nanohexagons were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal route using urea as the stabilizing agent. The material was characterized with transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FeTiO3 modified glassy carbon electrode was further employed for detection of DA and UA. The sensor showed an excellent performance in terms of detection limit, linear range and sensitivity. For DA, the detection limit was deduced as 1.3 nM with a sensitivity of 1.56 μA μM−1 cm−2 and linearity was observed in the range from 1 μM to 90 μM and 110 μM–350 μM. And for UA, the detection limit and linear range was estimated as 30 nM and 1 μM–150 μM and 200 μM–500 μM. The catalytic rate constant for dopamine oxidation on FeTiO3 was estimated as 2.946 × 103 M−1 s−1. Further, the simultaneous detection of DA and UA was demonstrated on FeTiO3/GCE. The practical applicability of the sensor was tested in serum and urine biological samples.

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of α-MnS (alabandite) nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide hybrids: Enhanced electrocatalyst for electrochemical detection of Parkinson's disease biomarker

Herein, novel manganese sulfide nanoparticles (MnS NPs) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGOS) nanocomposite have been designed through a facile ultrasound-assisted method and followed by a sonication process. After then, as-synthesized α-MnS@rGOS was characterized by HRTEM, FESEM, XPS, XRD and EIS. Furthermore, the α-MnS@rGOS nanocomposite modified SPCE (screen-printed carbon electrode) shows excellent electrochemical sensing performance towards Parkinson’s disease biomarker of dopamine (DA). Moreover, the fabricated sensor showed a wide linear range for dopamine between 0.02 and 438.6 µM and nanomolar detection limit (3.5 nM). In addition, the α-MnS@rGOS modified SPCE showed selectivity towards the detection of dopamine in presence of a 10-fold higher concentration of other important biomolecules. The nanocomposite film modified SPCE sensor was good stable and reproducible towards the detection of Parkinson's disease biomarker. Furthermore, the as-synthesized α-MnS@rGOS nanocomposite modified SPCE has been applied to the determination of dopamine in human serum, rat serum and pharmaceutical samples with acceptable recoveries.

A Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Three Dimensional Flower-Like NiO-Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide (trGO) Nanocomposite for Selective Determination of Dopamine in Presence of Uric Acid and Ascorbic Acid.

Three dimensional flower-like NiO-thermally reduced Graphene Oxide (trGO) nanocomposite was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposite was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic oxidation of Dopamine, Ascorbic Acid (AA) and Uric Acid (UA) was investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The modified electrode NiO-trGO/GCE showed good electrocatalytic activity compared to bare GCE. The detection of dopamine was carried out using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) wherefrom the Limit of Detection (LOD) and linear range was estimated to be 50 nM and 10 μM to 500 μM respectively. The selective detection of dopamine in presence of UA and AA was carried out. The NiO-trGO/GCE showed excellent selectivity for the detection of dopamine in presence of UA. However AA was found to interfere in the determination of dopamine. Also, the validity of the present sensor was examined in human biological samples.

$$\mathrm{NiFe}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{4 }$$ NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles-decorated activated carbon nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for selective detection of dopamine in presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid

We propose an electrochemical sensor using $$\hbox {NiFe}_{2}\hbox {O}_{4}$$ nanoparticles-decorated activated carbon (AC) nanocomposite for selective detection of dopamine (DA) in the presence of uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). The nanocomposite was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and the characterization was done using transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The $$\hbox {NiFe}_{2}\hbox {O}_{4}$$ -AC-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards DA compared to $$\hbox {NiFe}_{2}\hbox {O}_{4}$$ /GCE and AC/GCE. This is attributed to the synergistic action and the large surface area of the nanocomposite. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed for the detection of DA wherein the detection limit of $$0.4\,\upmu \hbox {M}$$ along with a linear range of $$5\,\upmu \hbox {M}$$ to $$100\,\upmu \hbox {M}$$ was deduced. The selective detection of DA in presence of AA and UA was demonstrated. The advantages of the present sensor include the ease of preparation of the nanocomposite, low detection limit, remarkable selectivity, good reproducibility and stability. $$\hbox {NiFe}_{2}\hbox {O}{4}$$ -AC nanocomposite was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The nanocomposite exhibited enhanced activity towards electro-oxidation of dopamine and excellent selectivity in the presence of uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA).

Selective electrochemical detection of dopamine in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid using NiFe2O4-activated carbon nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode

Nickel ferrite-Activated carbon nanocomposite was proposed for selective electrochemical detection of dopamine. The nanocomposite was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and the morphology as well as the crystal pattern was analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The electrochemical response for dopamine was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The NiFe2O4-AC/GCE showed good catalytic activity towards dopamine and a detection limit of 1 µM and linear range from 100 µM – 700 µM was deduced using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The selective detection of dopamine in presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) was accomplished. The reproducibility and stability of the modified electrode towards dopamine detection was demonstrated.

Theoretical and cyclic voltammetric studies on electrocatalysis of benzethonium chloride at carbon paste electrode for detection of dopamine in presence of ascorbic acid

In the past decade, many surfactants have been used to modify carbon electrode to sense dopamine (DA). Even though plenty of works are already available on this strategy, still analyzing DA and ascorbic acid (AA) by surfactant modification is exciting and unfortunately, molecular level understanding of these types of electrode is still missing. Here, we have used benzethonium chloride modified carbon paste electrode (BzTCMCPE) to sense DA and AA at physiological conditions (pH7.4) and BzTCMCPE showed high electrocatalytic activity towards the redox activity of DA and AA (BzTCMCPE successfully resolved the anodic peaks of DA and AA). Quantum chemical modeling is helpful to know about the arrangement (adsorption) of benzethonium chloride on the electrode surface. The electrochemical behavior of the BzTCMCPE was explained using frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and analytical Fukui functions.

Probe Sensor Using Nanostructured Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Yarn for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine.

The demands for electrochemical sensor materials with high strength and durability in physiological conditions continue to grow and novel approaches are being enabled by the advent of new electromaterials and novel fabrication technologies. Herein, we demonstrate a probe-style electrochemical sensor using highly flexible and conductive multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) yarns. The MWNT yarn-based sensors can be fabricated onto micro Pt-wire with a controlled diameter varying from 100 to 300 µm, and then further modified with Nafion via a dip-coating approach. The fabricated micro-sized sensors were characterized by electron microscopy, Raman, FTIR, electrical, and electrochemical measurements. For the first time, the MWNT/Nafion yarn-based probe sensors have been assembled and assessed for high-performance dopamine sensing, showing a significant improvement in both sensitivity and selectivity in dopamine detection in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid. It offers the potential to be further developed as implantable probe sensors.

Development of a novel electrochemical sensor based on cobalt(II) complex useful in the detection of dopamine in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid

[(Co(bdmpzm)2(NCS)2] (bdmpzm=bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane) was synthesized and combined with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and nafion on a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The electrocatalytic activity of modified electrode (Nafion-SWCNT-[Co(bdmpzm)2(NCS)2]/SPCE) was evaluated for dopamine (DA) oxidation. Anodic and cathodic peak were seen to 0.42V.and0.29V respectively, showed a much more quasi-reversible process, (∆V 0.128) compared with the electrode without cobalt complex. The detection limit (3σ/b) for dopamine was 0.095μmol L−1. The studies of reproducibility determined as relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.5%.(n=5) with four different electrodes. The repeatability were 1.5% (n=5) The new sensor was used in the quantify DA in human urine with an average recovery between 83.0 and 93.0%.

Simple flame etching of pencil electrode for dopamine oxidation in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid

The simple graphite pencil electrode (GPE) tip was etched by burning it using match stick. A dark black coloured deposition was observed in the etched portion. This etched portion of GPE was subjected to characterisation by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Further this etched electrode was used for simultaneous investigation of dopamine and ascorbic acid in 0.2 M phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. The modified GPE was stable and reproducible towards detection of dopamine. The stability of this flame etched electrode towards dopamine was characterised by applying multiple cycles. The effect of scan rate was found to be adsorption-controlled electrode process. The detection limit was found to be 3.4708 × 10-7 M and quantification limit was found to be 11.5693 × 10-7 M. The flame etched electrode applied for the detection of dopamine in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid. The electrode showed excellent selectivity for the resolution of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid with respective oxidation and reduction peak potentials. The effect of interference was examined by varying the concentration of one species while other two were kept constant by using differential pulse voltammetric technique.

Gold nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes produced by biphasic modified method and dopamine sensing application

The present work describes the synthesis of a nanocomposite between carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles through modified Brust-Schiffin route. Observations by XRD, TEM and TGA techniques showed an uniform, well-distributed and non-agglomerated dispersion of gold nanoparticles (7±4nm of average size) completely loaded onto MWCNTs surface. After further structural characterizations, the nanocomposite was casted onto a glassy carbon electrode and characterized by cyclic voltammetry. A seven-fold density current enhancement was observed, provided by the high superficial electroactive area of the active material. Sensing properties of so-synthesized nanocomposite were tested for dopamine detection in presence of ascorbic and uric acid by square wave voltammetry. After analytical parameters optimization, the dopamine-sensor presented linear range of 4.8×10−7–5.7×10−6molL−1 with detection and quantification limits of 7.1×10−8 and 2.4×10−7molL−1 respectively and high sensitivity. The proposed method was applied in synthetic cerebrospinal fluids samples and the detection of DA in presence of potentially interferences in real samples was performed with satisfactory results.

Gold interdigitated nanoelectrodes as a sensitive analytical tool for selective detection of electroactive species via redox cycling

Redox cycling (RC) is a unique electrochemical technique to selectively detect redox-active species in presence of molecules with similar oxidation potential but whose electrochemical reactions display different electron transfer kinetics. Pairs of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) working as generator-collector devices have been widely applied in RC. The diffusion of species that takes place between the two IDEs has to be minimized in order to enhance the device sensitivity. Therefore, scaling down the IDE dimensions is carried out to detect very low concentrations of the molecules under study. The application of interdigitated nanoelectrode structures (nano-IDEs) is currently limited by low-yield production and packaging processes. Here, we describe a fabrication approach that enables robust mass production of gold nano-IDEs at wafer scale, along with a packaging strategy to easily operate with the electrodes. The theoretical and experimental detection of dopamine in presence of ascorbic acid demonstrates the superior analytical performance of the resulting devices. Nano-IDEs with dimensions of 150 nm width and 300 nm pitch showed faradaic steady-state currents related to the oxidation of dopamine that were 16.7 times larger than those recorded by standard cyclic voltammetry. By contrast, if the dimensions of the nano-IDEs are increased by a factor of 10, the amplification factor of the redox reaction is decreased to less than one fourth.

Dopamine and ascorbic acid electro-oxidation on Au, AuPt and Pt nanoparticles prepared by pulse laser ablation in water

ABSTRACT In this study, we have investigated the use of PtAu alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with four different compositions (from x = 0 to 100) as electrodes for the detection of dopamine (DA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). The Au 100-x Pt x NPs were prepared by pulsed laser ablation in an alkaline solution without using any surfactants or capping agents. The diameter of the particle ranges from 2.5 nm for pure Pt to 5.2 nm for pure Au NPs. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the number of DA molecules being oxidized on the NPs surface decreases with the Au content (from 9.0 × 10 −11 mol on Au to 4.8 × 10 −11 mol on Pt NPs), which emphasizes the preponderant role of Au surface sites on the electrochemical oxidation of DA. On the other hand, the oxidation current of AA is greatly enhanced by alloying Au with Pt, and the peak current of the alloyed NPs is about two (Au 50 Pt 50 ) and four times (Au 70 Pt 30 ) higher than that of Au NPs. It is suggested that the oxidation of the lateral chain of AA on the Pt sites occurs simultaneously to the oxidation of the ascorbate anion to dehydro ascorbic acid on the Au sites. Finally, it was shown by differential pulse voltammetry that Au and Au 100-x Pt x NPs can detect DA in solutions containing AA with a concentration 1000× higher. For example, for Au 70 Pt 30 the sensitivity and detection limit for the detection of DA in presence of 2 mM AA were 3.34 μA μM −1 and 0.06 μM (at S/N = 3) respectively, essentially the same values (3.50 μA μM −1 cm −2 and 0.05 μM) as in the absence of AA.

The Determination of Dopamine in Presence of Serotonin on Dopamine-Functionalized Electrochemically Prepared Graphene Biosensor

Reported herein is the synthesis of electrochemically prepared graphene with dopamine (DA) functionalization and its application for the electrochemical detection of DA in presence of serotonin (5-HT). Graphene oxide-DA (GO-DA) resulted from the condensation reaction of GO and DA. It was characterized via several instrumental methods. The electrochemical reduction of GO-DA (ERGO-DA) has been employed for the electrochemical detection of DA without and with 5-HT. The electrochemical detection of DA has been verified through cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometric techniques in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4). The influence of the accumulation time and pH of the PBS at ERGO-DA modified electrode for DA oxidation has been investigated. The interference has also been performed using interfering substances such as 5-HT, glucose, ascorbic acid, H2O2, and uric acid. The detection limit and linear range of DA have been calculated as 0.04 μM and 0.5–100 μM, respectively, (where s/n = 3) at the ERGO-DA modified electrode. The real sample analysis has done without any difficulty and this biosensor can be used up to 10 days.

Selective Detection of Dopamine in Presence of Ascorbic Acid by Use of Glassy‐Carbon Electrode Modified with Amino‐β‐Cyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes

AbstractA glassy carbon electrode modified with per‐6‐amino‐β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CDNH2) and functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT‐COOH) was elaborated. This structure was investigated for the detection of dopamine acid (DA) in presence of ascorbic acid (AA). The sensor behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The analysis results show that the electrode modification with CD derivative improves the sensitivity and selectivity of the DA recognition; the electrochemical response was further improved by introduction of SWCNT‐COOH. The sensor shows good and reversible linear response toward DA within the concentration range of 7×10−7–10−4 M with a detection limit of 5×10−7 M.

Pretreated/Carbon paste electrode based voltammetric sensors for the detection of dopamine in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid

A voltammetric resolution for the determination of dopamine using a Pretreated/Carbon paste electrode was developed. The Pretreated/Carbon paste electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of dopamine in phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). From the electrochemical studies of scan rate, the overall electrode process was diffusion and adsorption controlled. The pH effect suggested that equal number of protons and electrons were involved in the electrochemical detection of dopamine. Detection limit (LOD) was calculated in phosphate buffer solutions at pH 7.0 and the interference studies showed that the modified electrode exhibited excellent selectivity in the presence of large excess of ascorbic acid and uric acid. The separation of the oxidation peak potentials for dopamine–ascorbic acid and dopamine–uric acid was found to be 0.187V and 0.121V, respectively. These differences were large enough to determine dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid individually and simultaneously by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetric techniques.