Abstract
The demands for electrochemical sensor materials with high strength and durability in physiological conditions continue to grow and novel approaches are being enabled by the advent of new electromaterials and novel fabrication technologies. Herein, we demonstrate a probe-style electrochemical sensor using highly flexible and conductive multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) yarns. The MWNT yarn-based sensors can be fabricated onto micro Pt-wire with a controlled diameter varying from 100 to 300 µm, and then further modified with Nafion via a dip-coating approach. The fabricated micro-sized sensors were characterized by electron microscopy, Raman, FTIR, electrical, and electrochemical measurements. For the first time, the MWNT/Nafion yarn-based probe sensors have been assembled and assessed for high-performance dopamine sensing, showing a significant improvement in both sensitivity and selectivity in dopamine detection in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid. It offers the potential to be further developed as implantable probe sensors.
Highlights
Dopamine (DA) is a vital neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)
We demonstrated the use of twisted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) yarn fabricated from spinable aligned-MWNT sheets to function as probe sensors, with high selectivity and sensitivity for dopamine detection
Dopamine hydrochloride (DA, C8H11NO2.HCl), uric acid (UA, C5H4N4O3), and ascorbic acid purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
Summary
Dopamine (DA) is a vital neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). It serves as a chemical messenger between the pre-synapse and post-synapse of adjacent neurons, and plays a critical role in the neurochemical and neurohormonal functions in the mammalian brain [1,2]. DA detection is of great importance in clinical diagnostic applications. Due to the electroactive nature of DA, enormous efforts have been made into electrochemical approaches to develop sensitive and inexpensive devices for rapid detection of dopamine. Up to now, significant challenges are still present, limiting the efficiency of traditional electrochemical electrodes, in particular for in vivo applications due to their large size (more than 1 mm in diameter) which causes high tissue damage [4,5,6]. Most of the stated electrodes have shown a lack of selectivity, with DA signals (oxidation peak) overlapping with uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) whose concentrations are typically
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