Detection Of Arsenic Research Articles

Interventions in Biosensor Surfaces for Arsenic Detection

Interventions in Biosensor Surfaces for Arsenic Detection

Arsenic detection down to the picomolar level: A low-tech potentiometric approach

Arsenic detection down to the picomolar level: A low-tech potentiometric approach

A turn-on response fluorescent probe based on triphenylamine derivative for detection of AsO43- in water samples and cells.

Arsenic is a highly toxic substance, which has a serious threat to human health and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an analytical method for detection of arsenic. Here, a novel arsenic fluorescent probe TPA-As-FP based on triphenylamine fluorophore was synthesized by Schiff base reaction. TPA-As-FP exhibited the advantages of good fluorescence properties and large Stokes shift, which could selectively detect AsO43- in mixed solution (VDMSO/VH2O=1/2). The fluorescence emission of TPA-As-FP was significantly enhanced with the addition of AsO43-. Then the HRMS experiment was performed to prove the response mechanism was mainly attributed to that the hydrogen bond interaction between TPA-As-FP and AsO43- inhibited the ESIPT effect of the probe, resulting in enhanced fluorescence. And The Job's plot also confirmed that the stoichiometric binding ratio between TPA-As-FP and AsO43- is 1:1. Furthermore, TPA-As-FP could rapidly response to AsO43- within 1min and reached fluorescence stabilization at 10min. TPA-As-FP also showed good anti-interference ability for AsO43- detection, and the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 1.10μM. Importantly, TPA-As-FP was successfully employed for the detection of AsO43- in tap water and river water samples with satisfactory recoveries from 100.1% to 104.8%. TPA-As-FP could also be employed for the imaging of AsO43- in cells, showing great application potential.

Health‐Risk Assessment of Groundwater Arsenic Levels in Bhagalpur, India, and Development of a Cost‐Effective Paper‐Based Arsenic Testing‐Kit

ABSTRACTArsenic is considered one of the most hazardous trace metals in groundwater researched to date because of the hazardous impacts like cancer, skin irritation, and other skin‐related diseases. The present study involved collecting 60 water samples from Bhagalpur district, Bihar, India, to estimate the arsenic concentration. The human health risk assessment of the samples concerning children and adults was also performed, and the maximum concentration of arsenic was found to be relatively high in some sample sites. Prolonged exposure to arsenic could be fatal to the local population. The current study also focuses on developing a low‐cost paper‐based arsenic detection kit. The paper‐based test kit was tested for parameters like color development for different forms and concentrations of arsenic, storage conditions for the test strips, the effect of different interfering agents on color development, and optimization of the AgNO3 solution. The cost analysis was carried out, and it was found that the kit would cost 0.046 USD per sample, which is 70–100 times lower than the cost of current methods.

Easy-to-make peptide-decorated C18 microspin columns combined with MALDI-MS enabling high-throughput enrichment and detection of arsenic (III) ions

In this study, a user-friendly, cost-effective, and high-throughput method was developed for the selective enrichment and accurate quantification of arsenic (III) ions using peptide-decorated C18 microspin columns, integrated with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis. The manufacturing process of the peptide-decorated C18 microspin columns originated from C18 StageTips packing with 3 μm C18 beads, followed by decoration with the peptide YYYCYCYYCR, which contained the arsenic (III) ion-binding motif CXCXXC, where X represents any amino acid. The microspin columns were applied to selectively capture arsenic (III) ions in environmental water by forming arsenic (III)-peptide complexes. After elution and drying, the high m/z ions from these complexes were directly desorbed and ionized with MALDI-MS by the addition of the α-CHCA matrix solution, effectively reducing interference from matrix-related ions and small molecules in the low m/z range. The developed method demonstrated a linear range from 10 μg/L to 1500 μg/L, with a limit of detection of 0.7 μg/L. Remarkably, this method enabled rapid quantification of arsenic (III) ions in environmental water, averaging under one minute per sample, using only a small volume of 50 μL. The reported method for detecting arsenic (III) ions in environmental water offers a practical approach and holds promise for analyzing other emerging toxic elements in the future.

Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish using high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish is crucial for providing meaningful consumption guidelines that allow the public to make informed decisions regarding its consumption. While marine fish have attracted much research interest due to their higher arsenic content, research on freshwater fish is limited due to the challenges in quantifying and identifying arsenic species present at trace levels. We describe here a sensitive method and its application to the quantification of arsenic species in freshwater fish. Arsenic species from fish tissues were extracted using a methanol/water mixture (1:1 vol. ratio) and ultrasound sonication. Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enabled separation of arsenobetaine (AsB), inorganic arsenite (iAsIII), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), inorganic arsenate (iAsV), and three new arsenic species. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) provided highly sensitive and specific detection of arsenic. A limit of detection of 0.25 µg/kg (wet weight fish tissue) was achieved for the five target arsenic species: AsB, iAsIII, DMA, MMA, and iAsV. A series of experiments were conducted to ensure the accuracy and validity of the analytical method. The method was successfully applied to the determination of arsenic species in lake whitefish, northern pike, and walleye, with AsB, DMA, and iAsV being frequently detected. Three new arsenic species were detected, but their chromatographic retention times did not match with those of any available arsenic standards. Future research is necessary to elucidate the identity of these new arsenic species detected in freshwater fish.

Simultaneous Speciation of Inorganic Arsenic (III and V) Utilizing Gold-Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Modified Electrochemical Sensors

Inorganic arsenic exists primarily in two stable valence states: III and V, each exhibiting distinct toxicological characteristics[1, 2]. Precisely distinguishing between As(III) and As(V) is essential for accurate risk assessment and environmental monitoring. Traditionally, this speciation involves a combination of costly and bulky instruments such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)[3]. In response to the need for more efficient methods, alternative approaches like voltammetry have been explored. Despite attempts using gold and manganese in voltammetric detection, simultaneous measurement of As(III) and As(V) has remained unresolved. This study introduces a novel nanocomposite with an Au-Mn ratio of 10:1 (m/m) to modify the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). These modified SPCEs were successfully utilized for simultaneous monitoring and speciation of inorganic arsenic via voltammetry during simulated wastewater treatment. The linear range spans from 0.2 to 2 mg·mL-1 (ppm), with limits of detection (LOD) recorded at 0.048 ppm for total arsenic and 0.07 ppm for As(III), respectively. Significantly, the performance and accuracy of the developed voltammetric sensors for the simultaneous detection of total arsenic, As(III), and As(V) were validated against the sophisticated HPLC coupled with triple quadrupole ICP-MS (HPLC-ICP-QQQ) method.

Efficient voltammetric analysis for total inorganic arsenic detection in rice with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity

A rapid, simple, and accurate voltammetric method for quantifying total inorganic arsenic in rice was described in this work. The simplified sample pretreatment involved the addition of a mixed solution of nitric acid and L-cysteine, which facilitated the simultaneous extraction and speciation of arsenic (As(III)). To eliminate interference from complex rice matrices, magnetic composites were employed to absorb copper and other potential interference. Furthermore, As(III) was detected using linear stripping voltammetry with screen-printed electrodes modified in-situ with gold nanoparticles and L-cysteine, enhancing both sensitivity and selectivity. With this strategy, the methodology demonstrated good resistance to interference and high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.018 mg/kg. A comparative analysis between this method and liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed a good correlation with an R2 of 0.995. Additionally, the method was successfully applied to determine total inorganic arsenic in commercial rice samples, yielding satisfactory results.

Simple, Specific, and Ultra‐Sensitive Arsenic Detection in Real Drinking Water Samples Using an Impedimetric Green Sensor with Dimercaprol‐Doped Solid Electrolyte

AbstractArsenic monitoring is of paramount importance due to its toxicity, which poses potential public health hazards. While numerous sensitive methods exist, many are unsuitable for on‐site, rapid, real‐time measurements, and their sensor preparation is often time‐consuming and intricate. Addressing this gap necessitates the development of an easy‐to‐use, rapid, and reasonably affordable arsenic detection device featuring an eco‐friendly sensor. For on‐site arsenic monitoring, the optimal solution involves creating a sensitive impedimetric electrochemical sensor that is real‐time, fast, low‐cost, simple to design and use, and portable. This study introduces an electrochemical impedimetric sensor with a patent‐pending, solid electrolyte based on gelatin enriched with dimercaprol. The results demonstrate the detection of phenylarsine oxide in real drinking water samples, achieving a detection limit of 0.02 ng/mL within the linear range of 0.05 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL in just 40 minutes, utilizing a simple method and easily accessible, inexpensive, biodegradable chemicals. The methodology yields a sensitive sensor with biodegradable potential, exerting a negligible impact on the environment and human health.

A RAPIDLY COLORIMETRIC DETECTION OF ARSENIC AND MERCURY IONS BASED ON SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE ABSORBANCES OF FUNCTIONALIZED AuNPs IN COSMETICS

In this study, a novel colorimetric method is developed for the detection of arsenic and mercury ions, utilizing the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of AuNPs ([Formula: see text] nanoparticles) functionalized with APT ([Formula: see text]-(3-aminophenyl) tetrazole). Theoretical calculations confirm the findings from UV–Visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses, indicating that APT is electrostatically bound to the surfaces of the AuNPs. The introduction of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions triggers a coordination reaction with APT, resulting in a reduced interparticle distance among the AuNPs. This change leads to a visible color shift of the solution from wine red to bluish-gray. The detection limits for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are determined to be 0.6 and 0.24 [Formula: see text] g⋅[Formula: see text], respectively, distinguishable to the naked eye. A robust linear correlation is observed between the absorbance ratios and the ion concentrations, with correlation coefficients ([Formula: see text]) of 0.990 for [Formula: see text] and 0.998 for [Formula: see text]. These findings demonstrate that AuNPs functionalized with APT are effective for the quantitative analysis of arsenic and mercury ions. The sensor exhibits high selectivity and excellent resistance to interference, indicating its potential applicability for monitoring [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in tap water and cosmetic products.

Antimony and arsenic detection: review on electrochemical biosensors and their applications

ABSTRACT Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) contamination poses significant health risks, manifesting in a spectrum of ailments such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and skin diseases and the development of cancer. When toxic elements enter the body through different exposure routes, they can cause serious health issues. This highlights the critical need to reduce their presence in the environment to protect public health. When detecting As and Sb in different samples, researchers prefer to use whole-cell and optical biosensors rather than electrochemical (EC) biosensors for reliable detection. Utilizing EC biosensors can significantly enhance the detection thresholds and accuracy of monitoring environmental changes. It is particularly well suited for applications requiring high sensitivity, rapid detection, portability, and cost-effectiveness. For fast onsite environmental monitoring, its portability and quick reaction times are essential. The augmentation of EC biosensors via AI integration has the potential to transform pollution detection, healthcare diagnostics, and food safety monitoring, in addition to enhancing their sensitivity and accessibility. This review highlights the potential benefits of EC biosensors and their diverse applications in environmental monitoring. It critically evaluates strategies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of environmental monitoring processes.

Hierarchical graphene oxide/nano-pyramidal stainless-steel on nickel foam substrate: A flexible electrochemical sensor for arsenic compound detection

The organoarsenic compound roxarsone (ROX) is added to chicken feed to enhance nutritional value. Although organic arsenic is generally less harmful than inorganic arsenic, concerns have arisen about its potential to transform into inorganic forms when excreted in animal waste, raising environmental and human health concerns. The potential dangers of long-term ROX exposure require reliable methods for the detection of the target analyte. In the current study, fabricated nanoscale graphene oxide (GO)/stainless steel (SS) pyramidal structures on nickel foam (NF) is used as an electrode in the electrochemical detection of ROX. The proposed sensor was shown to outperform existing devices in terms of electrochemical activity, resulting in a wider linear range of detection for ROX (0.05–83.15 µM) and lower detection limit (LOD) (0.006 µM). Further, real sample analysis on water and meat samples confirmed the feasibility of the proposed GO/SS/NF sensor for the real-time detection of ROX in real-world applications. This research provides evidence to support the development of heterojunctions to improve ion transport channels and surface-active sites to promote ion mobility to enhance electrochemical responses.

Environmentally Sustainable Detection of Arsenic using Convolutional Neural Networks and Imidazole-Based Organic Probes: Application in Food Samples and Arsenic Album.

Arsenic contamination poses a significant health risk, particularly when it infiltrates water supplies. While current detection methods offer precise analysis, they often involve complex instrumentation not suitable for field use. This study presents a novel approach by developing two probes, A1 and A2, based on 4-diethylaminosalicyladehyde, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, and 1,2-diaminoanthraquinone. These probes are highly sensitive and selective for detecting arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) in water, food samples, and homeopathic medicine with limits of detection in the nanomolar range. To elaborate our contribution to on-site arsenic detection, we introduce a convolutional neural network-based image recognition system. This system interprets images of the probes' colorimetric response, effectively categorizing different ranges of arsenic concentrations in parts per million (ppm). Our approach offers a real-time, cost-effective, and user-friendly solution for arsenic detection, extending its applicability from scientific laboratories to in-field conditions and even household monitoring. The findings fill critical research gaps in real-time detection methods, potentially revolutionizing the way we monitor environmental contaminants like arsenic.

Development of cost-effective inorganic arsenic extraction method for resource-limited regions: Analysis of efficiency and regulatory implications

This study evaluated the effectiveness of coke and lemonade extraction methods compared to the standard 1 % v/v HNO3 method for determining inorganic arsenic (iAs) concentrations in rice bran samples using a field-deployable method (Arsenator field kit). The limit of detection (LOD) for the methods was 45 μg kg−1, comparable to existing literature. The extraction efficiencies were assessed by comparing iAs recovery rates, with coke extraction yielding the highest recovery of 127.4 %, followed by lemonade at 116.2 %, and HNO3 at 100 %. Statistical analysis indicated strong correlations between the extraction methods, particularly between HNO3 and coke (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.990), suggesting that coke extraction is a reliable alternative to the traditional HNO3 method. However, lemonade extraction showed a lower correlation (0.940) and higher false negative rates, indicating potential limitations for regulatory compliance. Notably, at the maximum contaminant limit (MCL) of 0.100 mg kg−1, coke extraction produced an 8 % false positive rate with no false negatives, while lemonade extraction had an 8 % false positive rate and a 17 % false negative rate. This study underscores the potential of coke extraction as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for assessing iAs levels in rice products, especially in resource-limited settings. Recommendations include the standardization of coke extraction protocols and the development of robust monitoring programs to ensure food safety and public health protection against arsenic contamination. Overall, the findings contribute valuable insights for improving arsenic detection methods and regulatory compliance in food safety practices.

Advancing Rapid Arsenic (III) Detection Through Device-Integrated Colorimetry

It is essential to detect precise traces of inorganic arsenic ions when utilized, which may increase the risks of several health issues such as lung, bladder, skin cancer, and diabetes diseases. In this study, bromocresol green, chlorophenol red, and cresol red dyes were examined to detect the presence of arsenic (III). Further, we present a colorimetric arsenic (III) detection using a cost-effective paper-based sensor and portable device method. The calibration plot from UV-Vis absorption exhibited a detection limit of ∼0.054 µM of arsenic (III) in the detection range of 0–10 mM. The selectivity study establishes this method for visual on-site detection of arsenic (III) combined with the simultaneous presence of common coexisting ions. The paper and device-based dual strategy to detect arsenic (III) offered high sensitivity and selectivity under room conditions. Both the paper sensor and the proposed device have a potential for rapid on-site detection of arsenic (III). Therefore, it could provide a viable solution for the design of affordable, sensitive, and portable tools for the environmental monitoring of arsenic (III).

SWCNT fibers decorated with Au nanoparticles as voltammetric sensors for arsenic (III) determination

We developed a new method to produce fiber electrodes from single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films, which can be employed as a novel sensing platform for electrochemical investigations and analysis. By assembling SWCNT bundles in the form of a strong free-standing fiber with almost entire surface accessible to an analyte, we are able to avoid the interference of substrate and improve detection efficiency. We examined the influence of physical, chemical and electrochemical pretreatments of the new electrode SWCNT material on its properties. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the SWCNT fibers. The modification of the SWCNT fiber electrode with gold nanoparticles provides the necessary analytical characteristics including high repeatability and sensitivity and low detection limit (1.3 – 2.1 μg L-1) for arsenic determination by anodic stripping voltammetry. Arsenic detection parameters such as deposition potential, deposition time and scan rate were optimized. Linear responses were found in concentration ranges from 3 to 210 μg L-1 and 7 to 125 μg L-1 for gold modified SWCNT fiber sensors (the SWCNTs were synthesized using CO or ethanol as precursors) at a relatively low deposition time of 60 s. The developed Au-SWCNT sensors allow rapid As determination in real samples and exhibit high durability and long service life.

Co-Deposition of Bimetallic Au-Pt with L-Cysteine on Electrodes and Removal of Copper by Iron Powder for Trace Aqueous Arsenic Detection

Much progress has been made in the determination of As (III), while numerous electrochemical sensors based on metal nanomaterials with significant sensitivity and precision have been developed. However, further research is still required to achieve rapid detection and avoid interference from other metal ions (especially copper ions). In this study, bimetallic AuPt nanoparticles are electrochemically modified with screen printing electrodes. What’s more, L-cysteine also self-assembles with AuNPs through Au-S bond to enhance the electrochemical performance. To overcome the interference of Cu (II) in the sensing process, the reduced iron powder was chosen to remove Cu (II) and other oxidizing organics in aqueous solutions. The lowest detectable amount is 0.139 ppb, a linear range of 1~50 ppb with superlative stability by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Fortunately, the reduced iron powder could eliminate the Cu (II) with no effect on the As (III) signal.

Chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles decorated with a thiodiacetic acid nanoprobe for selective detection of arsenic(iii) in rice and water samples.

A sensitive and selective method for the detection of arsenic(iii) (As3+) based on chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles (CS/AuNPs) decorated with a 2,2'-thiodiacetic acid (TDA) nanoprobe was developed and used to detect and indicate the contamination of rice, drinking water and environmental water samples. AuNPs were reduced and stabilized with CS and subsequently functionalized with TDA. As3+ interacted with the carboxylate group of TDA to form an As-TDA complex, inducing the aggregation of CS/AuNPs@TDA. The aggregation of CS/AuNPs@TDA was accompanied with a change in color from red to bluish purple and a shift in surface plasmon resonance wavelength from 525 nm to 645 nm. The response for the detection of As3+ was linear at concentrations from 10 to 1000 μg L-1 with a limit of detection of 6.1 μg L-1. The method exhibited selectivity toward As3+ among various cations (As5+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) and anions (Br-, Cl-, F-, SO4 2-, NO3 - and PO4 2-). The CS/AuNPs@TDA nanoprobe was applied to detect As3+ in rice, drinking water and environmental water samples. The results were consistent with those obtained via inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Satisfactory recoveries ranging from 88.22% to 105.74% (RSDs of 0.25-2.99%) were obtained from spiked samples.

Laccase-mimicking activity of octahedral Mn3O4 nanoparticles and fluorescence of carbon dots as dual-mode signals for the specific detection of arsenic(V) in environmental water samples

The detrimental growth of water pollutants such as heavy metals has become a life-threatening problem in the modern era. Challenges remain in the development of rapid and accurate methods for detecting pentavalent arsenic [As(V)] in environmental water. The octahedral Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) did not display excellent laccase-mimicking catalytic activity, whereas the adsorbed As(V) on the surface significantly enhanced the catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the quinone imine generated from the substrates 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DP) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) catalyzed by octahedral Mn3O4 NPs further quenched the carbon dots fluorescence. Thus, it is possible to establish a fast and accurate dual-mode sensor for detecting As(V). The developed dual-mode method of As(V) detection has good sensitivity and selectivity. The limit of detection for As(V) in colorimetric mode is 6.96 μg·L−1, whereas in the fluorescent mode, it is as low as 2.56 μg·L−1. Moreover, the detection data obtained by the dual-mode method can be validated by each other, thereby ensuring the dependability of the sensing system. The constructed dual-mode method with merits of sensitivity, speed and accuracy can offer a powerful tool for As(V) detection in environmental water. Furthermore, the application of laccase-mimicking activity in dual-mode detection provides new strategies for other environmental hazard detection.

Visual arsenic detection in environmental waters: Innovating with a naked-eye biosensor for universal application

Arsenic contamination in environmental water sources poses a significant threat to human health, necessitating the development of sensitive and accessible detection methods. This study presents a multidimensional optimization of a bacterial biosensor for the susceptible and deoxyviolacein (DV)-based visual detection of arsenic. The research involved screening six different arsenic resistance (ars) operons and optimizing the genetic circuit to minimize background noise. Introducing an arsenic-specific transport channel enhanced the sensor's sensitivity to 1 nM with a quantitative range from 0.036 to 1.171 μM. The pigment-based biosensor offers a simple colorimetric approach for arsenic detection without complex instrumentation. The preferred biosensor demonstrated characteristics of anti-chelating agent interference, consistently quantified As(III) concentrations ranging from 0.036 to 1.171 μM covering the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water limit. Innovatively, it effectively detects arsenic in seawater within a linear regression range of 0.071 to 1.125 μM. The biosensor's selectivity for arsenic was confirmed, with minimal cross-response to group 15 metals. Our naked-eye biosensor offers a novel approach for the rapid, on-site detection of arsenic in various water sources. Its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and versatility make it a valuable tool for environmental monitoring and public health initiatives.