Product Design Development Research Articles

Relationship Between Product Performance and Lean Product Development Tool

In today’s global economy, the introduction of new methods, designs, products and processes have been accelerating in geometric progression due to changing consumers’ needs in the face of global competitions and technological advancement in product development. Product development managers and design stakeholders are facing real pressure to continuously adopt new system architecture and operational parameters to remain competitive. The viability of the product development and manufacturing firm now depends largely on how well they are able to respond to these changes in order to meet the customer requirements while becoming lean. The study will also provide a tool for monitoring the relationship between product performance and the Lean Product Development Tool (LPDT). It evaluates the relationship between Maggi spice production, of a Consolidated Foods Limited, in Nigeria and its relationship with DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control) model, a lean six sigma tool, for evaluating root causes of product defects. At the end of the lean implementation, product performance of the pilot line, Omori Line 1 increases from 60% to 76% and a cost savings of NGR 12.03 million were realized at the end of the project.

An Approach to Develop Accessible and Affordable Products

Abstract Universal design and frugal design both are equally important to fulfil the users’ needs in a resource-limited society. Many design researchers and engineers in developing countries have produced practical solutions for sustaining and enhancing the livelihood of the marginal communities. The relationship between both approach is to encourage, and support product development process and design thinking specifically keeping in mind social justice for people, ecology for planet and economics of development for profit. Frugal innovation, in conjunction and combination with universal design, can be a combined framework where the design would be accessible to provide affordability and inclusive growth.

Research on product design method based on low carbon concept

In the context of the new era, low-carbon environmental protection has become a fashion, and the concept of low-carbon has gradually become popular. This article starts from the research direction of product design, integrates the low-carbon concept into product design, and analyzes the problems in product design in China from the four stages of production, use, storage, transportation and recycling. In order to solve these problems, the guiding methods of product design under the low-carbon concept are given from the aspects of technology, materials, structure, and recycling, further demonstrate that the low-carbon concept promotes the development of product design.

Frame conditions for implementing design methods in the product development industry

Although the systematic use of design methods is critical for improving product development, its acceptance by industries has been lower than expected. The purpose of this study is to establish the frame conditions for implementing design methods for product development in the consumer goods industry. The research strategy consists of analysing the implementation of design methods in five large Brazilian product development companies in different segments. The implementation of the design methods was through workshops with departments related to product development activities, and the evaluation was based on the observations of the process, responses to questionnaires and interviews with the participating employees. The key findings of this study are 11 factors that influence an industry's adoption of product development design methods. These findings include not only methods-related suggestions, such as guidelines for the selection and the form of application of the design methods, but also suggestions for actions that should be taken at the cultural and structural levels of the companies. The main contribution of this study to design research is that it elicits discussion about the product development aspects that are often the main factors of failure and/or divergence in an implementation.

Pengembangan Strategi Pembelajaran Pengkonkritan Materi Abstrak PAI Anak Usia Dini di RA Perwanida 3 Palembang

Early childhood who are in the preoperational stage have not been able to think logically and abstractly, but Islamic religious subjects that must be instilled in children from an early age especially the aspects of aqidah are included in the abstract material category, thus learning strategies are needed that can make it easier for students to understand abstract material the. This study aims to produce a learning strategy for the abstracting of PAI abstract material for early childhood in RA Perwanida 3 Palembang, knowing the results of expert validation, and knowing the effectiveness of the learning strategy for the abstracting of PAI abstract material for early childhood in RA Perwanida 3 Palembang. This research is research and development. The research and development stages are requirements analysis, planning, product design development, product validation and revision, trials and revisions, final product. The results of the study are: 1) the product developed in the form of a draft learning strategy design, 2) the learning strategy is assessed and validated based on the aspects of the suitability of the media and methods to the material, student characteristics, time allocation and infrastructure, the results of the assessment of learning strategies obtain an average score 4.62 with the category "very appropriate", 3) the average test score of 13 students before using the developed learning strategy is 6.3885 while after using the developed learning strategy the average student score is 7.3462. While the paired samples test obtained 0.000 significance less than the 0.05 significance level. Based on the results of the assessment, the learning strategy of abstracting PAI material in early childhood in RA Perwanida 3 Palembang is effective and feasible to use.

Developing a City Brand

Abstract The article analyses theoretical aspects of a city brand definition, applying cases of various brands of Lithuanian cities. A brand is any sign or symbol which helps to distinguish goods or services for one person from the goods or services of another, and which may be represented graphically. The brand can be a variety of symbols, their combination, and other visual manifestations of information, such as words, names, slogans, letters, numbers, drawings, emblems; or spatial characteristics of the product itself – its image, packaging, shape, color, color combination or a combination of all these. City development usually includes an image dimension. The common ground for this is that a well-known toponym often generates events, investments, etc. Many cities are actively positioning and promoting their strategic intentions. Often times a city brand is associated with its fight for investment, tourist numbers, or successful businesses. Objective: To scrutinize relevant theories applicable to city visual branding; to look through various definitions of the city branding and envisage some advantages and disadvantages they might pose; and to analyze various case studies so that we could summarize the methodologies of why and how we could better position our local products globally. Methodology: The case study methods were used as part of a complex study and combined with in-depth interviews as well as benchmarking methods from various sources. In-depth interview method was used to obtain expert opinions on the subject. The in-depth interview method helped to analyze logo usage, goals, define pros and cons, and evaluate the results of logo design in urban development. This method was chosen to collect detailed and authentic material based on the attitudes and experiences of those involved in such a creative process. Findings: The conclusion was reached that since a place prompts a lot of variables, in the future we need to consider more numerous components, such as population, industries, landscape, economies or history, etc. The hypothesis was confirmed about the variables of the city to be further considered for (re)branding, such as the cost, semantic complexity, societal charge, and the dynamics (changeability, or rigidity). As for the methodologies, we arrived at the conclusion that the best way to create a viable city brand is a collaboration between different stakeholders. Value Added: The article adds to European experts’ suggestion of rethinking the concept of design itself, as until now a one-sided approach to design as a means of schematizing a product has prevailed. This approach, even regulated by Lithuanian law, does not cover the whole process of creating and implementing an idea. “Design is a problem-solving approach that focuses on the user during its development. It can be applied in both the public and private sectors to promote innovation in products, services, processes and even legislation,” says Dr Anna Whicher, expert on design policy and strategy of the European Commission. In other words, design has been increasingly integrated into the science, business, social and service sectors to maximize innovation. As many as 63 percent of Lithuanian businesses do not use design solutions (product design, stylization or business strategy development) at any stage of production. This figure is below the EU average, where almost half of all businesses already integrate design solutions into their operations. Lithuania is also one of the 13 countries in Europe (out of 28) that does not have design policy documents or a community uniting organization, such as design centers in Great Britain, Denmark, Estonia or other countries. The paper invites Lithuania to re-think its design development policies at large, paying attention to urban design solutions in particular. Recommendations: In further research, while selecting potential expert for city logo development, it is recommended that priority should be given to (a) responsible experts in strategic / territorial and national policy making or related activities, (b) experts with knowledge of sustainable development, (c) independent sustainable development analysts / consultants / private and academic or who have implemented specific project-based SDs both nationally and internationally. The stakeholders in this process should be representing: 1) Public Sector, 2) NGOs, 3) Private Sector, 4) Academy and 5) Independent Experts.

Insights for Implementation Science From 2 Multiphased Studies With End-Users of Potential Multipurpose Prevention Technology and HIV Prevention Products.

Lower adherence to biomedical HIV prevention and challenges with persistence among young women underscore the need for methods to identify factors that will achieve higher adoption and use of effective prevention options and inform new approaches. South Africa, Kenya, and Zimbabwe. We synthesized findings from 2 multiphased studies (TRIO and Quatro) conducted with young women aged 18-30 years that included a crossover clinical study with placebo products, a discrete-choice experiment, and qualitative interviews with women, male partners, and health providers. TRIO evaluated 3 products (tablets, ring, and injections), and Quatro compared 4 vaginal products (ring, insert, film, and gel) for HIV prevention. Both were designed to assess product preferences, choice, and use. Increased experience with placebo products in the crossover study informed young women's product ratings and preferences. Over half changed their mind regarding their most preferred product after trying each one. The integrated qualitative component was vital to understanding what prompted these preference shifts. The discrete choice experiment provided insights on how features not available in placebos, like efficacy and contraception, influence choice and the tradeoffs women may be willing to make to gain a desired product feature. The use of multiple research methods allowed for evaluation of varied dimensions of acceptability, preference, and choice in the context of diverse biomedical HIV prevention delivery forms. Findings elucidated the value of product choice with differences in preference within and across settings. Collectively, the 3 methodologies offered important insights about these products informative to enhanced product design development and future implementation.

Development of the Supervision Model Based on Clinical Approach to Increase Managerial Competence of School Principal

In the context of educational supervision, the school quality development is extremely determined by the teachers, the principal, and the school supervisor. All of them have their task and roles. The purpose of this research is developing a Model of Managerial Competence Supervision for Principals with Clinical Approach School Based. The research procedures were conducted with stages such as planning and preliminary study, product design development, product try out, and the final product. These stages were conducted to know the appropriateness, practicality, and effectivity of the model. The results of data analysis on expert validation and the practicality by the school supervisors show a very high category. And the result of pretest and posttest data analysis on the limited and enlarged try out show a significant difference. This indicates that the supervision model with a clinical approach based is exceptionally proper to be applied in the implementation of managerial supervision.

Developers’ Behavioral Characteristic and Its Impact On Performance: A Case Study Of Iot Development Product Design

The IoT industry is facing a significant demand to provide more efficient paths for developer communities. At the same time, products are often developed without consideration of usability or are limited to general usability heuristics. Moreover, there is not much research on developers’ behavioral characteristics and its impact on human performance. This paper attempts to show how understanding their skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based behaviors can benefit developer experience and performance efficiency. This study references recent developer products to highlight 1) characteristics of developer behavior and 2) key system design considerations that help improve developer performance. We also discuss gaps identified in industry practices and the opportunities towards more consideration of the cognitive aspects in developer product design processes.

PNS356 PAYERS RELATED ISSUES ARISING FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AT PRE-LAUNCH

Pre-launch stage of pharmaceutical product development consists of 3 components; Target Product Profile (TPP), Product Development Plan (PDP) and Design of Clinical Trials (DOCT). Involving payers at this stage is now a requirement by some Health Technology Assessment (HTA) bodies, sponsors and policy-makers. The study investigated payer’s related issues arising from involving payers at early stage of pharmaceutical product development. Questionnaire was administered at two different settings: Market Access (MA) and Health Economics and Outcomes Research (HEOR) Conference ISPOR 2015 and MA educational course European Market Access University Diploma (EMAUD) held in Paris. They were asked payers’ related issues arising from TPP, PDP and DOCT. Participants responded under four domains: evidence requirements, manufacturer’s related issues, payer’s related issues and unmet needs. Thematic analysis used to investigate payers’ related issues arising from involving payers at this level, 50 professionals participated in this study. At DOCT level, it showed that the main issue experienced by payers was evidence requirements making 72% (31) other issues experienced were; unmet needs 14% (6); payers related issues 12% (5). Manufacturers’ related issues had least percentage with only 2% (1). At TPP level, the main issue experienced was unmet needs 36% (16), followed by payers’ issues 34% (15) and evidence generation 25% (11). Just like DOCT level, manufacturer’s related issues was 5% (2) not a major issue at TPP. At PDP level, payers’ related issue was the major issue 53% (18), while evidence requirements and manufacturers related issues had the same response with 18% (6). Stakeholders are to work on evidence generation requirements at DOCT level, and should focus on payers’ issues at PDP level and at TPP level. Attention are to be paid to unmet needs and payers’ issues. This may help payers to be involved in early pharmaceutical products development effectively.

디지털 컨버전스 제품 표현특성 기반의 가습기 및 다리미 겸용 제품 디자인 개발

디지털 컨버전스 제품 표현특성 기반의 가습기 및 다리미 겸용 제품 디자인 개발

PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK LUKIS LAKUER MENJADI PRODUK KERAJINAN

Pengabdian dengan skmea Program Kemitraan Masyarakat ini dilakukan bersama mitra Sanggar Ganesha Art Group Palembang yang aktif dalam kegiatan seni rupa, khususnya seni lukis lakuer. Lakuer sendiri merupakan salah satu kerajinan yang ada di kota Palembang yang bernilai local genius, bernilai estetis dan unik yang tidak dimiliki oleh daerah lain, khususnya di Sumatera. Adapun potensi seni lukis lakuer yang dikembangkan bersama mitra Sanggar Ganesha Art Grup adalah pengembangan desain produk sebagai media seni lukis lakuer, yang sebelumnya hanya berbentuk lukisan dengan bidang 2 dimensi dikembangkan menjadi produk-produk kerajinan dengan bentuk persegi, silinder atau tabung. Tujuan khusus pengabdian ini adalah dalam rangka mengembangkan desain produk dari seni lukis lakuer ke produk seni kerajinan yang dapat diproduksi secara massal, yaitu meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas produk melalui transfer teknologi dari kerja manual ke sistem kerja mesin. Tujuan lain adalah melakukan pelatihan mengenai tata kelola manajemen produksi dan keuangan Sanggar Ganesha Art Group agar dapat menjadi usaha kreatif yang bernilai ekonomi dan profesional. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode demonstrasi dalam bentuk pelatihan dan workshop pengembangan desain dan manajemen produksi secara langsung dengan sistem kerja yang didukung oleh peralatan tekhnologi mesin serta manajemen pengelolaan keuangannya. Pelaksanaan pengabdian juga melakukan metode promosi melalui media online agar dapat meningkatkan penjualan produk.

Development of Brochure-Based Teaching Materials on Persuasive Text in Grade 7th Students of Junior High School Dwi Tunggal Tanjung Morawa

This study aims to find out the developmentof brochure-based teaching materials on persuasive text in grade 7th students.The object of this study is grade 7th students of Dwi Tunggal Tanjung Morawa. The result shows that The process of developing the development of brochure-based teaching materials on persuasive text material was carried out in three stages, namely the preliminary study phase, the initial product development and product testing. At the stage of the preliminary study an analysis of the needs of teachers and students was carried out. The results of the needs analysis obtained data that 100% of teachers and students of Junior High School Dwi Tunggal Tanjung Morawa need teaching materials in the Indonesian language learning companion. In the initial product development stage, product design and product validation were carried out to 2 material experts and 2 media design experts. After the validation process, the product is declared feasible for testing. In the third stage, product testing was carried out in three ways, namely individual trials, small group trials and limited field trials. Individual trials obtained an average percentage of 88.19% with the category "Very good", the small group trial received an average percentage of 89.58% with the category "Very Good". Limited field trials received an average percentage of 91.01% with the category "Very Good". Based on these data, obtained appropriate teaching materials to be used by teachers and students in learning.

Synthonic Modeling of Quercetin and Its Hydrates: Explaining Crystallization Behavior in Terms of Molecular Conformation and Crystal Packing

Hydrated structures of a specific compound can often have different physiochemical properties compared to the anhydrous form. Therefore, being able to predict and understand these properties, especially the stability, is critical. In this study quercetin, a flavonoid molecule, is modelled in three different states of hydration to gain an understanding of the effect of water molecules on the structure, packing and conformation energetics of the three forms. Conformational analysis and modelling of intermolecular interactions (synthonic modelling) have been performed. It was found that in the anhydrous form hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of interaction while in the two hydrate structures, the incorporation of water within the lattice leads to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the quercetin and water molecules. Within hydrates quercetin molecules adopt a more planar conformation which allows them to pack more closely by strong π-π stacking interactions, thus resulting in a higher relative stability. The modelling results highlight the importance of water in the stabilization of the lattice and explain the preferential nucleation of the dihydrate form. It is further demonstrated how synthonic modelling can be a predictive tool for the product’s properties, leading to more efficient product design and faster development.

The Cost of Learning from Failures and Mistakes in Product Design: Reviewing the Literature

AbstractIn the design phase of product development (PD) process, most new products face significant uncertainties and risks. Uncertainty is typically associated with a lack of information, while learning is a process that acquires information. Therefore, learning fast and at low cost decreases the uncertainty and increases the efficiency of the product design phase. This paper investigates the concept of the cost of learning in PD's design phase. Reviewing the literature, we conceptualize the cost of learning and review the learning methods considering three aspects in the design phase of the PD process: (1) costs associated with learning from mistakes and failures, (2) learning methods and (3) categories of learners. This paper thus provides the conceptual foundations for future work to increase the efficiency of the PD process by reducing the cost of learning from mistakes and failures.

Research on national cultural creative products design from the perspective of internationalization

Through the analysis of the development and status quo of cultural creative product design and the analysis of the characteristics of national cultural concepts, the author tries to propose the key points of the national cultural creative product design method from the perspective of internationalization. Using the literature research method, it sorts out the development and current situation of the design concept of cultural and creative products; it also carries out functional classification of cultural and creative products; and it discriminates the concept of national culture; Finally, through the summary of the existing research directions and contents of the combination of national culture and creative product design, it is proposed that from the perspective of internationalization, designers can only accurately convey the image of national culture to users through creative products if they have a deep understanding of all aspects of national culture. Through the grasp of three aspects of emotion, inheritance and interactivity, it can help designers to effectively carry out innovative design of national cultural products from the perspective of internationalization.

Domestic spaces and beyond: Consumer food waste in the context of shopping and storing routines

AbstractTo significantly reduce the volumes of food currently wasted in industrialized countries, tackling food waste on the household level is paramount. While awareness campaigns and economic incentives are important measures, it is crucial to look beyond individual decision making and scrutinize how contextual factors frame consumer lifestyles in ways that intensify the issue of food going to waste. This paper addresses the role of material contexts—in particular, infrastructures and technologies—in the shaping of food shopping and storing practices and thus consumer food waste. It presents an in‐depth, qualitative study with 24 Austrian households, conducted from November 2016 to February 2017. Data were collected through food waste diaries, semi‐structured interviews and a total of 16 focus group discussions. In line with other studies, we find that food waste is a largely unintended outcome of entangled daily routines revolving around food, such as meal planning, grocery shopping and food storing. The characteristics of food retail infrastructures—in terms of accessibility, density and type—shape these routines and thus potentially influence excess food purchases. Food storing practices as well depend on the characteristics of domestic infrastructures and co‐evolve with technologies used for storing food. Unraveling the interconnectivity between material contexts and household food practices can inform policy, product design and food retail development and thus has implications for reducing consumer food waste.

Revolutions in Chemical Engineering through the Development of Materials Science and Product Design for Sustainable Energy and Future Applications

Revolutions in Chemical Engineering through the Development of Materials Science and Product Design for Sustainable Energy and Future Applications

New product development-processes in the fashion industry

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is, first, to examine the design requirements of Islamic fashion in the new product-development process; second, to explore the different practices of new product-development activities from successful and unsuccessful new product lines; and third, to investigate the sequence of the new product-development practice in the fashion industry, specifically the Islamic fashion industry in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires were distributed and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information regarding the practice of the new product-development activities. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed based on the quality of the new product-development activities of 100 Islamic fashion firms, including five innovative companies that had won several awards in Indonesia. An analysis of the extent to which fashion firms were engaging in new product-development activities provided a more detailed picture of the sequence of those activities.FindingsIslamic norms were adapted during the early design and promotional phases of new product development in Islamic fashion. Various choices of design and colour in Islamic fashion were also perceived as a way of preaching to women to dress more accordingly to the Islamic norm. The new product-development activities that were conducted differently for successful vs unsuccessful new product lines were idea conceptualisation, market analysis, technical and engineering analysis, financial analysis and commercialisation. The commercialisation phase was given the least priority of all the activities. Nevertheless, it contributed to the very first communication to the customers about new product lines.Originality/valueThis study makes an important contribution to the deeper and more detailed research on how Islamic fashion companies perceive Islamic values during new product developments and how they perform new product-development activities between successful and unsuccessful products.

Material Selection of Natural Fibers for Composite Automotive Component Using Analytic Hierarchy Process/Analytic Network Process in Concurrent Engineering Approach

Material selection of natural fiber for composite based products is an essential process in product design development especially in application of automotive components. Several factors need to be considered concurrently and dependency among the factors should be evaluated during the judgement. Therefore, a proposed approach is presented in this study by using Analytic Hierarchy Process/Analytic Network Process (AHP/ANP) to prioritize the criteria for material selection of natural fiber composites automotive components. AHP computes the priority values from pairwise comparison basis and ANP derives the global priority values based on the inner dependency of the criteria. As in a case study, flax fibers obtained the highest value (19%) and rank as number one fibers in the selection where tensile strength is the most significant criteria. Thus, application of AHP/ANP would derive a more reliable and accurate judgement in material selection and their flexibility allows integration with other decision making tools.