Design Planning Research Articles

Design of the Bali Province Food Security Action Plan towards Food Independence

The problem of hunger is one of the problems that still occur in Indonesia. The problem of hunger is closely related to the problem of staple foods, such as the unmet security of staple food, rice as the community's main food, and the increasing demand for staple foods. This research aims to analyze the challenges faced by Bali Province in maintaining sustainable food security and to design food security action designs in Bali Province towards food independence. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data with a descriptive analysis method using ISM analysis. The results of the research show that food challenges that occur in Bali Province include reduced agricultural land, unbalanced supply and demand for food commodities, weak use and mastery of technology, lack of farming management and product marketing, the proportion of crop loss and food waste is still quite high, food loss due to inaccuracy in handling food, the area of agricultural land per capita is very limited, the number of young people interested in working in the agricultural sector is still problematic, the age of farmers over 45 years reaches 64.2%, Indonesia is also still facing three times the burden of nutrition, climate change, and hydrometeorological disasters. The Bali Province's food security design towards food independence consists of farmers, government, companies, financial institutions, and agricultural cooperatives who are interconnected with each other.

Boundaries of Privacy: A Reevaluation of Spatial Dynamics in Traditional Kerala Homes

Privacy within architectural spaces is a multifaceted phenomenon deeply intertwined with cultural norms and social practices. This paper explores the boundaries of privacy in traditional Kerala homes, characterized by open-plan layouts and communal living practices. Through a meticulous analysis of spatial dynamics in Thazhathangady, Kalpathy Agraharam, and East Fort Agraharam, the research uncovers the intricate relationship between spatial organization, gender roles, and privacy considerations. The findings reveal clear demarcations between public, semi-public, and private domains within these homes, reflecting cultural norms and social expectations. Gender significantly influences space utilization, with women primarily occupying areas associated with domestic tasks, while men frequent spaces designated for communal activities. The adaptability and multifunctionality of spaces, particularly courtyards, emerge as central elements in traditional Kerala architecture, accommodating various activities while maintaining privacy. Regional variations further highlight the nuanced approach to privacy, tailored to local customs and traditions. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of privacy dynamics within traditional Kerala architecture, informing culturally sensitive approaches to architectural design and urban planning. Keywords: Privacy, Traditional Kerala Architecture, Spatial Dynamics, Communal Living, Gender Roles, Cultural Norms, Spatial Organization, Multifunctionality, Regional Variations, Architectural Heritage.

Antecedents and consequences of physical environment design in international retail stores

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of physical environment design (PED) and its antecedents on consumers’ emotional well-being (EWB). Drawing on place identity and emotional theories, the study aims to provide a new perspective to retail store experiences.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 800 respondents was conducted in London, out of which 764 responses were constructively used. The data was collected from international retail outlets, and structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data.FindingsThe empirical results show that PED has a positive effect on consumers’ EWB. Among the antecedents, visual identity does not have any significant effect on PED and EWB. In contrast, communication had a significant effect on PED but did not have any effect on EWB, and further, cultural heritage had a positive effect on both PED and EWB. Further, moderator analysis identifies the boundary conditions under which specific theories hold.Practical implicationsThe value of this paper lies in its potential to be used for creating the perfect design planning in retail stores. Significant implications for managers and researchers are highlighted.Originality/valueThis paper presents an innovative approach to develop the principles of retail store’s PED to support the EWB of consumers.

UniXplore- A University Assisting App by Using Machine Learning

UniXplore is changing the higher education landscape through machine learning. Recommending universities based on academic interests, geographic conditions, and financial constraints is a matter of personal preference. Users can benefit from a comprehensive comparison of their chosen schools, including factors such as academic reputation and facilities. UniXplore simplifies the application process by gathering the necessary information and integrating a well-conceived and targeted design plan. UniXplore enhances learning, improves learning, and changes the future of higher education with personalized recommendations and best decisions. Key Words: UniXplore, higher education, machine learning, university recommendations, academic interests, the application process, learning enhancement.

Optimization of Teaching Design for 'Chinese Tax System' Based on the Integration of Law and Business Background

This paper proposes a course design plan for "Chinese Tax System" based on the integration of law and business in response to the demand for tax talent training and the characteristics of the "Chinese Tax System" course. In light of the current teaching design issues, this paper emphasizes the need for practical teaching, including interdisciplinary comprehensive teaching, field trips and visits, as well as information technology-assisted teaching. Additionally, it suggests updating textbooks and curriculum settings, emphasizing the practical application and ability cultivation, interdisciplinary and comprehensive characteristics, as well as fostering students' innovative awareness and practical abilities. Furthermore, innovative teaching methods such as legal case analysis, business simulation exercises, interactive discussions and debates, and innovative project design are proposed. Lastly, a multi-faceted assessment method is recommended, including comprehensive ability assessment, classroom performance assessment, and professional ability assessment. The implementation of these teaching design optimization plans will help improve students' understanding and application abilities of the "Chinese Tax System" course, promote their comprehensive development and enhance their capabilities, providing guidance and reference for the cultivation of high-quality tax professionals.

Prospectiva territorial y la agenda 2030: Una fusión virtuosa para construir futuros

This work of reflection around the articulation of regional foresight studies and the 2030 Agenda, promoted by the United Nations Organization, through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). It is based on a foresight experience developed in the Department of Guaymallén, Province of Mendoza, Argentina, proposed as a base study for the design of the municipal land use plan provided for in Law 8.051/2009. The article shows the general context for the design of planning instruments at the local level. Next, it presents the territorial dynamics considered most critical for the future to subsequently compare the desired scenario with the 17 SDGs. The research work included a bibliographic review of the main articulation proposals between regional foresight and the 2030 Agenda. Among the findings, the need to deepen the territorialization of the 2030 Agenda at the local government level stands out, and to anchor the planning processes for development, with a foresight vision of each SDG. Working on these concerns will allow the robustness of the foresight and its appropriation by the social actors of the territory.

Lesson Design Plan for Language Instruction Subjects Applying Structured Project-based Learning (SPBL) in Childcare Teacher Training Course

Lesson Design Plan for Language Instruction Subjects Applying Structured Project-based Learning (SPBL) in Childcare Teacher Training Course

Design of resilient communication tower with retractable antenna mast

Effective communication infrastructure is crucial for disaster response and management, particularly in typhoon-prone regions like the province of Catanduanes, Philippines. This study aims to design a resilient communication tower with a retractable antenna mast to enhance the communication capabilities of the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO) in the island of Catanduanes during typhoon and disaster. The study adopts a capstone project design method. It includes qualitative analysis with an extensive review of literature and guidelines related to resilient communication infrastructure, typhoon preparedness, and disaster response strategies specific to the island of Catanduanes. Factors such as wind loads, structural stability, and mechanisms for deploying the retractable antenna mast pole are considered during the design process. Advanced tools such as computer-aided design software and structural analysis and design software application simulations are employed to model and assess the tower's structural integrity under extreme weather conditions. The outcomes study includes a detailed design plan for a resilient communication tower with a retractable antenna mast pole, specifically tailored for the typhoon-prone environment in Catanduanes.

Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn.

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hübner) has been managed successfully in North America since 1996 with transgenic Bt-corn. However, field-evolved resistance to all four available insecticidal Bt proteins has been detected in four provinces of Canada since 2018. Evidence suggests resistance may be spreading and evolving independently in scattered hotspots. Evolution and spread of resistance are functions of gene flow, and therefore dispersal, so design of effective resistance management and mitigation plans must take insect movement into account. Recent advances in characterizing European corn borer movement ecology have revealed a number of surprises, chief among them that a large percentage of adults disperse from the natal field via true migratory behavior, most before mating. This undermines a number of common key assumptions about adult behavior, patterns of movement, and gene flow, and stresses the need to reassess how ecological data are interpreted and how movement in models should be parameterized. While many questions remain concerning adult European corn borer movement ecology, the information currently available is coherent enough to construct a generalized framework useful for estimating the spatial scale required to implement possible Bt-resistance prevention, remediation, and mitigation strategies, and to assess their realistic chances of success.

QUALITY ENHANCEMENT OF THE STREET CORRIDOR TO SUPPORT TOURISM BASED ON URBAN DESIGN CONCEPT IN PEMUDA STREET, MAGELANG CITY

Pemuda Street is a corridor in the Magelang Chinatown area, known as one of the shopping centers in Magelang City. This area is generally a commerce and service area consisting of shops, healthcare facilities, and banking services. Despite its dominance by various economic opportunities and claims to be a Chinatown area, it requires a suitable area identity. Problems arise from various perspectives, such as pedestrian facilities being limited to pedestrians with unattractive visual appeal that fails to represent the distinctive characteristics of Chinatown. Consequently, motorcycle riders tend to utilize pedestrians more than walkers. Furthermore, most shops have experienced a decrease in visitors, influencing the economic earnings of the area. The Pemuda Street corridor aims to be planned using the design thinking method, adapting the concept of complete streets with elaboration from the concepts of commercial street, shared street, urban tourism, and vernacular settlement, to address various issues. The planning process begins with problem analysis and literature review to manifest the ideal planning concept. It concludes with creating a master plan design for the area summarized in textual explanations, two-dimensional images, and three-dimensional frameworks. The results of this research is apply the "complete street" planning concept can become the basis for designs that focus on functionality, aesthetics, sustainability, social needs, environmental harmony, and economic progress while respecting the historical values of the area Chinatown in Magelang City.

Children’s safe routes to school: Real and perceived risks, and evidence of an incapacity-incapability space

There is a general consensus that children and adolescents should ideally travel to school actively and independently. Yet, in many parts of the world, real and perceived traffic risks represent a major barrier to walking, cycling, or the use of scooters. As the perspectives of children and adolescents on perceived dangers are insufficiently understood, this quantitative-qualitative study compares injury data for 2019-2021 with questionnaires answered by school management (n=40 school managers) and focus-group interviews with students aged 6-17 (n=40) in the city of Freiburg, Germany. The triangulation indicates that a significant number of collisions and injuries in traffic appear to go unreported, and that school routes are characterized by insecurity and perceived dangers. The analysis suggests that perceptions of risk change with age, and in reflection of influences including cognitive ability and motor skills, social environment and attitudes, transport mode, and technology adoption. Results are conceptualized as an incapacity-incapability space, indicating that relative risk exposure is highest for younger children (5-9 years), and for teenagers (12-16 years). Findings have implications for the study of traffic risks, urban design and transport planning and policy.

IMPROVEMENT OF TERRITORIES: CONCEPTS, MEANS, ELEMENTS, OBJECTS, TECHNIQUES, AND PRINCIPLES

The formulations and content of the concept of "urban improvement" have been analyzed. The most comprehensive definition is: "Improvement of populated areas is a complex of works on engineering protection, cleaning, drainage, and greening of the territory, as well as socio-economic, organizational-legal, and environmental measures to improve the microclimate, sanitary cleaning, noise reduction, etc., carried out in the territory of a populated area with the aim of its rational use, proper maintenance and protection, and creating conditions for the protection and restoration of the environment conducive to human life. Measures for the improvement of populated areas are activities on restoration, proper maintenance, and rational use of territories, protection, and organization of landscaping objects taking into account the peculiarities of their use." The elements of improvement include: - surfacing of squares, streets, roads, driveways, alleys, boulevards, sidewalks, pedestrian zones, and paths; - public, restricted, and specialized green spaces; - buildings and structures of the household waste removal system; - means and equipment for external lighting and outdoor advertising; - technical means of traffic regulation; - structures of the engineering protection system of the territory; - complexes and objects of monumental art; - facilities and equipment for children's play areas, sports fields, and other recreational spaces located in public areas and other improvement sites; - small-scale architectural structures; - other elements of improvement defined by regulatory legal acts. Projects for the improvement of public use territories must necessarily include city transport parking and guest parking for cars. The main means, elements, objects, principles, and techniques of urban territory improvement have been defined. A list of goals and requirements for the placement of improvement objects at different stages of urban planning design - the general plan of the city, the zoning project of the city territory, the design of the residential area and microdistrict, as well as the group of residential buildings - has been formulated. Using the example of the "Poznyaky" residential area in Kyiv, the main techniques and the state of improvement have been considered. Recommendations for improving the quality of microdistrict territories through engineering improvement have been developed.

Natural or balanced? The physiological and psychological benefits of window views with different proportions of sky, green space, and buildings

Window views are an important landscape that affect human health in the urban built environment, but the impacts and health-benefit differences of window view elements have not been studied in depth. Previously, window views have been categorized as only natural or unnatural; in contrast, we propose a more differentiated classification involving three elements (sky, buildings, and green space). A total of 160 subjects were recruited and divided into 8 groups; these groups were shown window views (7 groups with different element ratio combinations and 1 control group), and the effects on 27 physiological and psychological indicators were assessed. This is the first study to provide evidence of the benefits of window views for restoring attention, reducing negative emotions, and lowering stress according to multiple indicators. More importantly, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of the benefits of window views composed of different element ratios using ternary phase diagrams and matrix diagrams. Overall, window views with a higher percentage of sky elements or green space elements, as well as window views with a balance of the three elements, had a better comprehensive effect. The results of this study can inform urban landscape planning and architectural design to improve human health.

DESIGN GUIDELINE: EDUCATION BUILDING FOR HANDICAPPED PEOPLE TOWARDS HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

Malaysia needs to revamp its education system to better support handicapped individuals, allowing them to lead fulfilling lives. Currently, there is a lack of educational institutions catering to their specific needs, inclusive and unconducive learning environments. Many educational buildings in Malaysia fall short in providing essential accessibility features and overlook critical factors like lighting, air quality, acoustics, and ergonomics. This research aims to address this issue by developing design guidelines that focus on creating educational facilities that are accessible and promote a healthy environment, thereby enhancing their educational opportunities and overall quality of life. This study uses a mixed-method approach, including questionnaire surveys, expert interviews, and data synthesis to assess the current state of educational building design. Findings emphasize few factors like accessibility, spatial planning, acoustics, ergonomics, and inclusive design in creating education buildings that are accessible, healthy, well-designed, and conducive to social integration for handicapped individuals.

An Estimation of the Available Spatial Intensity of Solar Energy in Urban Blocks in Wuhan, China

Urban form is an important factor affecting urban energy. However, the design of urban form and energy mostly belong to two separate disciplines and fields, and urban energy planning research rarely considers their mutual relationship. The available space intensity (ASI) of solar energy is formed on the basis of energy planning and urban design; the objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of urban form on the ASI of solar energy and to propose strategies for planning of the space that is available for solar energy so as to improve the efficiency of urban energy utilization and achieve sustainable urban development. Methodologically, this study firstly proposes a model to quantify the ASI of solar energy using three indicators: solar radiation intensity (SRI), solar installation intensity (SII), and solar generation intensity (SEGI). Then, we quantitatively calculate the solar ASI of nine types of typical urban blocks in a sub-center of Wuhan City, Nanhu. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis are then used to analyze the correlation between the form indicators and solar ASI, as well as the degree of influence. The results show that the differences in SRI, SII, and SEGI amongst the nine types of city blocks were as high as 114.61%, 162.50%, and 61.01%. The solar ASI was mainly affected by three form indicators: the building coverage ratio, the average building height, and the volume-to-area ratio. Reducing the building coverage ratio and increasing vertical development at the same time can effectively improve the ASI of solar energy. The results of this study and the established method provide an important reference and rapid calculation tool for urban energy planning and design, reducing the data and time usually required for solar analysis at the block scale.

Predictive modeling of carbon emissions in Jiangsu Province's construction industry: An MEA-BP approach

Understanding and predicting carbon emissions in the construction industry is crucial for sustainable development planning. In this study, we employed the GM(1,1) model and the Mind Evolution Algorithm (MEA) to optimize the BP neural network model and forecast carbon emissions in Jiangsu Province from 2022 to 2026. Using data related to energy consumption and building material usage in the Jiangsu construction industry from 1995 to 2021, we estimated carbon emissions using the life cycle assessment method and IPCC carbon emission coefficient method. Additionally, we utilized the STIRPAT model and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select and reduce important variables, identifying three principal components. Subsequently, the MEA-BP model was employed to provide detailed forecasts of carbon emissions over the next five years, revealing a declining trend in carbon emissions from the construction industry. The study thoroughly analyzed the direct and indirect impacts of population growth, economic development, and industrial restructuring on carbon emissions, proposing targeted policy recommendations including sustainable urban planning and green building design. Future research could enhance the applicability and accuracy of the model by expanding the dataset and considering more uncertainty factors. This research offers valuable insights into the trends and influencing factors of carbon emissions in the construction industry of Jiangsu Province, providing guidance for policymakers and future research directions.

Lawns and meadows in urban green space – a comparison from perspectives of greenhouse gases, drought resilience and plant functional types

Abstract. Today, city planners design urban futures by considering environmental degradation and climate mitigation. Here, we studied the greenhouse gas fluxes of urban lawns and meadows and linked the observations with plant functional types and soil properties. In eight lawns and eight meadows in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were measured using manual chambers, and plant functional types were recorded. Four of these sites, i.e. an irrigated lawn, an old mesic meadow, a non-irrigated lawn and a young dry meadow, were more intensively studied in 2021–2022. The process-based ecosystem model JSBACH was utilized together with the momentary observations collected approximately every second week on CO2 exchange to quantify the annual carbon (C) balance of these sites. On the remaining sites, we studied the initial dynamics of conversion from lawns to meadows by transforming parts of lawns to meadows in late 2020 and conducting measurements from 2020 to 2022. The mean photosynthetic production (GPP) of the irrigated lawn and mesic meadow was the highest in this study, whereas the dry meadow had the lowest GPP. The studied lawns were stronger C sinks compared to the meadows. However, the net exchange values were uncertain as the soils were not in equilibrium with the vegetation at all sites, which is common for urban habitats, and modelling the heterotrophic emissions was therefore challenging. The conversion from a lawn to a meadow did not affect the fluxes of CH4 and N2O. Moreover, the mesic meadow was more resistant to drought events than the non-irrigated lawn. Lastly, the proportion of herbaceous flowering plants other than grasses was higher in meadows than in lawns. Even though social and economic aspects also steer urban development, these results can guide planning when considering environmentally friendlier green spaces and carbon smartness.

Rancang Kontruksi Saluran Udara Tegangan Menengah (SUTM) 20 KV Di Desa Tanjung Kasri Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin Provinsi Jambi

Construction design and electricity distribution planning cannot be separated from how the electricity distribution system is built. Moreover, electricity is an important factor in creating a just and prosperous society in all fields. This research analyzes the design of the 20 KV Medium Voltage Air Line (SUTM) in the Tanjung Kaasri Village location, Angkan District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province, whether it is in accordance with the standards used by PLN (SPLN). The research method used is the method of observation and measurement in the field. The results of the research concluded that when calculating the mechanical force of the pole, a 12 meter, 200 daN iron pole and a 9 meter, 100 daN iron pole were chosen as the schor pole. Then the use of TM poles includes: TM-1 Number of 45 rods, TM-3 Number of 80 rods, TM-4 And the cable used is AAAC-S 150 mm with a total number of cables of 22,240 The calculation results and the realization in the field are almost close, the difference is only under 1%. By always carrying out evaluations on each project, this data can be used as input for project owners and implementers, so that the quality and reliability of the system can be met.

Intelligently Quantifying the Entire Irregular Dental Structure

Quantitative analysis of irregular anatomical structures is crucial in oral medicine, but clinicians often typically measure only several representative indicators within the structure as references. Deep learning semantic segmentation offers the potential for entire quantitative analysis. However, challenges persist, including segmentation difficulties due to unclear boundaries and acquiring measurement landmarks for clinical needs in entire quantitative analysis. Taking the palatal alveolar bone as an example, we proposed an artificial intelligence measurement tool for the entire quantitative analysis of irregular dental structures. To expand the applicability, we have included lightweight networks with fewer parameters and lower computational demands. Our approach finally used the lightweight model LU-Net, addressing segmentation challenges caused by unclear boundaries through a compensation module. Additional enamel segmentation was conducted to establish a measurement coordinate system. Ultimately, we presented the entire quantitative information within the structure in a manner that meets clinical needs. The tool achieved excellent segmentation results, manifested by high Dice coefficients (0.934 and 0.949), intersection over union (0.888 and 0.907), and area under the curve (0.943 and 0.949) for palatal alveolar bone and enamel in the test set. In subsequent measurements, the tool visualizes the quantitative information within the target structure by scatter plots. When comparing the measurements against representative indicators, the tool’s measurement results show no statistically significant difference from the ground truth, with small mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and errors interval. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients indicate the satisfactory agreement compared with manual measurements. We proposed a novel intelligent approach to address the entire quantitative analysis of irregular image structures in the clinical setting. This contributes to enabling clinicians to swiftly and comprehensively grasp structural features, facilitating the design of more personalized treatment plans for different patients, enhancing clinical efficiency and treatment success rates in turn.

The Optimization of Automobile Part Product Development Using Integrated Product Development (IPD)

This paper studies a new integrated product development (IPD) process at an automobile parts company. The process includes benchmarking and offers four optimization strategies for the new product development process: (1) re-structuring the new product development organization astraddle department teams, (2) reshaping the new product development and selection process already at the planning and conceptual design stages, (3) optimizing the design review process at the engineering stage, and (4) establishing a product development team with large project manager responsibilities in the industrialization stage so as to give full play to the guiding role of expert resources. This paper can help enhance the competitiveness of domestic auto parts enterprises compared to leading foreign auto parts enterprises.