Design Of Residential Buildings Research Articles

Adaptive cold and permafrost home

Severe natural and climatic conditions, remoteness from industrial centres, and poorly developed infrastructure in the northern (Arctic) regions strongly affect the life and comfort of the population. In such conditions, the construction of a maximally habitable, available for construction, energy-efficient and climate-adaptive dwelling house is in particular demand. The main criteria for creating an adaptive house were: 1) cost-effective construction; 2) minimum heat loss during exploitation; 3) maximum use of available and local materials; and; 4) adaptability to climate change. The adaptive individual house was created taking into account many years of experience in the design, construction and operation of residential buildings in the Far North and the peculiarities of the arrangement and way of life of the northern peoples. In the process of work on the project, the main principles of choosing building materials and constructions, design and construction of an individual house in the conditions of the cold climate and permafrost were generalized and specified. It is necessary to note, that projects of adaptive houses should be developed taking into account climatic conditions of the area of construction and logistics as well as modern requirements of resource and energy saving, ecological and fire safety. Such designs should be tested in Central Yakutia, and then replicated for northern and arctic areas.

ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ НА ЭТАПЕ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

Buildings and structures are complex technical systems described by a number of criteria. Information modeling enables high-quality visualization of the process and the dependence of calculated data on construction plan-ning to be combined. The process of choosing the most optimal variant of space-planning, design, and technological so-lutions in information modeling is significantly accelerated. The model allows for spatial-temporal intersections to be analyzed and factors depending on such intersections to be adjusted. This in turn enables real-time display of changes in all construction indicators throughout the construction of the object, both broadly (similar to the currently used ca-lendar and network plans) and more precisely, in terms of how the implementation of specific technological operations or their adjustments can change the market value and duration of a property as a whole. In this paper, the main problems that arise when using existing information modeling methods are considered and recommendations are derived which will make it possible to implement more successful decisions on optimizing the design and construction of residential buildings, namely visibility, structural reliability and safety, minimizing possible cost, and reducing the construction period.

Use of earthquake-proof foundations in the design of residential buildings for the areas of the northern climate zone

The regions of the Far North and the territories equated to them today have a great potential for development, which is primarily due to the presence of rich natural resources, among which are unique resources of hydrocarbon raw materials, the development of which directly affects the prospects and directions of development of fuel and energy complex and related industries, which in turn requires the development of several support facilities for various purposes, without which the existence of any enterprise is impossible The article deals with the constructive solution for the construction of urban buildings adapted for specific natural and climatic conditions, as well as the conditions of joint manifestation of permafrost and seismic impacts of high intensity. The technical result is achieved by reducing the effect of seismic loads, by developing elements of special stationary seismic protection (seismic insulation), representing a system with a seismic insulating sliding belt, which is mounted between the heads of piles and the building rostrum. The proposed solution makes it possible to increase the seismic resistance of buildings erected on a soil base according to the first principle by reducing the impact of the stresses arising in the structural elements.

Towards Low Energy Buildings through a Prototype of Desert Rural House in Alwadii Algadid in Egypt

Desert Vernacular architecture is one of the maximum important factors for the retrofit of the desert rural house. Vernacular architecture primarily based totally on increase thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption to improve indoor air quality inside the spaces. Alwadi Algadid (New Valley) Governorate establishes 46% of Egypt area. So, we should obtain profit of this greater zone to decrease the pressure over the Nile valley. In addition, this research aims to categorize the influence of desert vernacular architecture of desert rural house. Design/methodology/approach – The architecture of Alwadi Algadid contains the particular architectural form of a warm zone, which previously had an operational tradition aimed to a sustainable architecture and improvement through cultural, economic, geographical, and climatic criteria, to use the local materials, treatments within the basic principles of sustainability, at the lowest possible cost to minimize utilities running cost of these communities. The prototype house was designed by Design-Builder simulation software depend on an awareness of desert vernacular architecture. Findings – In conclusion, the simulation findings of the prototype building models were evaluated with the base case building with more than 50% reduction in energy consumption. The results gained in this research could supply valuable ideas for the desert rural house design of residential buildings. Practical implications – Applied of using local materials, local technique and local treatment to confirm district suitability of the desert vernacular house outcome. Originality/value – The value of this research is to design guidelines for future vernacular settlement of desert rural house and establishments with respect to old ones.

FIRE SAFETY EVALUATION OF DWELLINGS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF REGULATION.

The aim of this research is to analyze how Turkey’s Regulation on Fire Protection influence fire safety precautions on housing design and construction in Turkey. Tokat province center, which is one of the less populated cities of the country, has been chosen as the study area. In the study; 5 residential buildings which were designed and built before 2002 in when the Regulation entered into force and also 5 different residential buildings which were designed and built after 2002 have been analyzed comparatively according to 20 measurable criteria which are chosen among the provisions of the National Fire Regulations and according to the architectural project, the studies done in the building site and interviews carried out with responsible persons. The influence of Regulation on Protection of Buildings from Fire in the design and construction process of residential buildings constructed in Tokat has been evaluated with respect to the results of this analysis. When the results of analysis are examined, it has been determined that there has been an improvement, in terms of fire safety, in the houses which were designed after the national fire regulation entered into force but it has not reached to the desired level. The housings which are selected in this research are built after the regulation and they are among the high building group. It is thought that this situation makes it difficult to fulfill the provisions of the regulation, and therefore a number of criteria are not fulfilled.

Гастрономічна спадщина Буковини: етнографічний аспект

It is emphasized on the historiography of the issue of Ukrainian folk traditional cuisine in the article. In particular, a review of scientific literature and fiction writing culinary editions with the actualized gastronomic issue is submitted. In this context attention is paid mainly to the analysis of ethnological and culinary materials included into the gastronomic guide Tastes of Bukovyna, dedicated to traditional Ukrainian, Moldavian, Romanian, Jewish, Polish dishes and the food of Lipovans Old Believers. Taking this fact into account, problem of popularization of Ukrainian folk traditional gastronomic heritage both in Bukovyna and in Ukraine in general is distinguished. The issues of the compositional features of the book with the detailed descriptions of each chapter, records of culinary recipes, and peculiarities of cooking of the dishes related to family and calendar rites, are considered in the article. Having analyzed the artistic and ethnographic essays, typical features of natural conditions are determined; in particular, the ones of Foothills of Bukovyna and Transnistria as well as the clothing culture in Bukovyna population are found out. Interesting details from the description of the decorative and artistic design of residential and household buildings are revealed and the folklore motifs of the book are considered.

Long Term Performance Assessment of a Residential PV/Thermal Hybrid System

The application of residential rooftop PV systems increased significantly in the last 10 years in many countries and became a major source of clean energy in dwellings besides traditional solar hot water technology. To optimise the performance of these green energy systems, the incorporation of PV/thermal hybrid systems is a future option for sustainable residential building designs. In this work, a novel design of PV/Thermal (PVT) hybrid panels, using heat pipe technology, is proposed with the aim of fulfilling the hot water and electricity demand of a house in Sydney. The heat pipe system is integrated into a traditional PV panel to transfer the heat stored within the PV panel material to a header that is connected to the household hot water cycle. A preliminary analysis of the test results for the proposed PVT system design under different weather conditions in Sydney is conducted, where the transient variation of the output water temperature as well as power production is investigated. The results show that the hot water temperature at the header outlet reaches around a maximum of 50 °C on a typical summer day and a minimum of 30 °C on a typical winter day. The daily heat delivered to the hot water tank is found to be in the range of 3.7–5.2 MJ per m2 of the PVT panel surface area. The results show that the energy efficiency of the adopted PVT panel design could reach more than 4 times higher than the traditional PV panel.

Indoor Thermal Environment in Different Generations of Naturally Ventilated Public Residential Buildings in Singapore

This study aims to evaluate and compare the indoor air velocities and thermal environment inside different generations of public residential buildings developed by the Housing and Development Board (HDB) of Singapore and analyze the impact of façade design on the indoor thermal environment. To achieve this goal, several case studies were carried out, namely, five typical HDB blocks built in different generations from the 1970s to recent years. Firstly, these five blocks with different façade design features were simulated to obtain the indoor air temperatures for both window-closed and window-open scenarios by using the EnergyPlus V22.2.0 (U.S. Department of Energy) and Design-Builder v6 software(DesignBuilder Software Ltd, Stroud, Gloucs, UK). Meanwhile, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to obtain the area-weighted wind velocities in the corresponding zones to evaluate the indoor thermal comfort. Accordingly, the effects of façade design on indoor air temperatures under both the window-closed and window-open conditions were compared and analyzed. Positive correlations between the facades’ window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and the residential envelope transmittance value (RETV) and Ta were confirmed with statistical significance at a 0.05 level. Furthermore, the indoor thermal comfort based on the wind open scenarios was also investigated. The results indicate that the thermal environment can be greatly improved by implementing proper façade design strategies as well as opening the windows, which could result in an average 3.2 °C reduction in Ta. Finally, some principles were proposed for the façade design of residential buildings in tropical regions with similar climate conditions.

Grand designs for design policy: Associations between apartment policy standards, perceptions of good design and mental wellbeing

Comprehensive apartment design policies have been legislated by Australian state governments to address concerns about poor design in residential buildings. These policies aim to improve apartment design and promote good health. This study examined whether: (1) residents living in apartments that implemented more minimum design requirements perceived better apartment design and amenity; and (2) increased implementation of minimum requirements and better perceptions of design were associated with positive mental wellbeing. Apartment complexes (n = 114, built 2006–2016) were sampled from Sydney, Perth, and Melbourne. Building plans and elevations were used to measure and score apartments for their implementation of 96 quantifiable policy-specific requirements and residents (n = 1072) completed a self-report survey on their apartment design and health. Multi-level linear regression models were used to account for clustered data. Residents in apartments with greater implementation of requirements for solar and daylight, indoor space, private open space, communal space and parking had more positive perceptions of their apartment in terms of natural light and winter thermal comfort, indoor space and layout, private open space, communal area quality, and parking, respectively (all p < 0.05). Perceptions of natural ventilation, summer thermal comfort, indoor space, and communal area quality were independently associated with positive mental wellbeing (all p < 0.05), but the objective implementation scores had no direct association. When implemented as intended, minimum requirements had a positive impact on perceptions of design, which were associated with mental wellbeing. The study underscores the importance of planning instruments and design review processes that increase industry uptake of minimum policy standards.

New Heuristic Methods for Sustainable Energy Performance Analysis of HVAC Systems

Energy-efficient buildings have attracted vast attention as a key component of sustainable development. Thermal load analysis is a pivotal step for the proper design of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for increasing thermal comfort in energy-efficient buildings. In this work, novel a methodology is proposed to predict the cooling load (LC) of residential buildings based on their geometrical characteristics. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network was coupled with metaheuristic algorithms to attain its optimum hyperparameter values. According to the results, the LC pattern can be promisingly captured and predicted by all developed hybrid models. Nevertheless, the comparison analysis revealed that the electrostatic discharge algorithm (ESDA) achieved the most powerful MLP model. Hence, utilizing the proposed methodology would give new insights into the thermal load analysis method and bridge the existing gap between the most recently developed computational intelligence techniques and energy performance analysis in the sustainable design of energy-efficient residential buildings.

Application of Open Building Theory in the Regeneration of Old Residential Building

This research is based on the refinement and diversification demand of housing stock quality improving in China. The paper focuses on the complexity of built environment in old residential areas, which involves numerous responsibilities and rights and multi-role cooperation in the process of regeneration. This paper studies the application of open building theory and its derivative theories in the area of housing regeneration, researches the current situation of policies, mechanisms and design methods for the regeneration of old residential areas in China and discusses the theoretical applicability of open building theory in the design practice of old residential building renewal methods in China. The study investigates the situation of the old residential areas in renovation, divides the responsibility and right relationship between the participants and building components by levels, and establishes a localized theoretical model for the regeneration strategy design of the old residential buildings in China. This study will provide scientific theoretical support for the constructing of a sustainable mechanism involving professional decision-making, long-term management and capital introduction, for the build of a multi-dimensional quality improving regeneration of the old residential areas in China.

Development of a probabilistic behavioural model creating diverse A/C operation patterns of households

Studies that attempt to model real patterns of residential occupant behaviour have become increasingly popular over the last decade. Most research of this kind tend to produce behaviour profiles based on an average occupant, yet the prediction of residential energy consumption varies significantly according to behavioural profiles of individual households. Oftentimes, averaged behavioural profiles are inadequate for predicting energy demands accurately, therefore requiring models to incorporate the diversity of occupants’ behaviours. The main objective was to develop an air-conditioning (A/C) usage model that produces diverse A/C cooling and heating operation patterns in residential settings. Longitudinal field observations were conducted in 41 Brisbane region households of Australia over a one-year period. Regression coefficients in the model were set to be drawn from a normal distribution to reproduce observed variability in A/C operation patterns amongst the households. Simulations were performed on a validation dataset to test the predictive skill of the model. The result indicated that the frequency and duration of A/C usage observed in the validation dataset well matched with the prediction made by the model. The proposed model could be incorporated in building energy simulation tools to predict realistic energy use for A/C in a given residential building design.

Architects 'understanding of citizens' style in the design of residential buildings’ facades with emphasis on "Bourdieu's theory of distinction"

Architects 'understanding of citizens' style in the design of residential buildings’ facades with emphasis on "Bourdieu's theory of distinction"

Analysis of Improvement and Innovation Strategy of Urban Residential Building Design

Analysis of Improvement and Innovation Strategy of Urban Residential Building Design

Application of Planar Binary Image in Building Elevation Design

Architecture is one of the key and important parts of a city. Various kinds of buildings have absolute control over the quantity and area and are the key factors for the appearance of a city. With the development of cities and the increase of population, high-rise residential buildings can effectively alleviate the shortage of urban residential land, but at the same time, it also brings some problems, such as monotonous elevation of high-rise residential buildings, improper selection of elevation forms. As people’s aesthetic awareness is getting higher and higher, people’s requirements for the image of residential buildings are getting higher and higher. However, the research on the elevation design of high-rise residential buildings is relatively lagging behind. Therefore, it is necessary to enrich and expand the elevation design of high-rise residential buildings. Image binarization is an important technology in image preprocessing. It plays an important role in pattern recognition, optical character recognition, and medical imaging. Binary image is a simple image format. It has only two gray levels, but it occupies an important position in the field of image processing. In specific image processing application systems, it is often necessary to obtain binary values. The binary image processing arithmetic is developed from set theory under mathematical morphology. Although its basic arithmetic is simple, it can produce complex results. Based on the characteristics of binary image and the complex effect it produces, this paper finds out its regularity, finds a design method of building elevation, and realizes the application of binary image in building elevation design.

Discussion on the Application of Green Building Concept in Residential Building Design

Discussion on the Application of Green Building Concept in Residential Building Design

Study on Energy-saving Strategy in the Initial Stage of Residential Building Design

Study on Energy-saving Strategy in the Initial Stage of Residential Building Design

Analysis of environmental impacts and costs of a residential building over its entire life cycle to achieve nearly zero energy and low emission objectives

Nowadays, European Union (EU) requests that all its members encourage Net-zero energy and emission in the buildings by 2050. There are multiple studies within the EU related to this field, but few of them are associated with environmental cost assessment and reduction. What can be the new strategies allowing to reduce ecological impact costs at the scale of the building? In response to this question, this research has been carried out, with, the main objective, to evaluate, analyse, and propose some scenarios allowing to design of residential buildings with nearly zero energy, low emission, and low cost throughout the world. The strategies detailed in this research can be applied and adapted in all the regions of the world. A life cycle assessment (LCA) of a typical building is carried out using the Pleiades software database comprising a Dynamic Thermal Simulation calculation engine (STD) making it possible to simulate the thermal in order to describe the energy behaviours of a building and its equipment. Four life cycle phases (construction, use, renovation, and end of life) of buildings have been assessed. The results showed that the use of a dual-service air-to-water heat pump enables a considerable reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and, on average, the indicators decrease by around 9%. It was concluded that the use of heat pumps makes it possible to reduce the cost of 9 environmental impacts between 8.7% and 13.1% compared to the initial cost, over a period of 80 yr.

Experimental behavior of steel-beam to flat rectangular CFST column connections with small-sized external diaphragms

This paper experimentally investigates the hysteretic behavior of beam-to-column connections between steel beams and flat rectangular concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns with small-sized external diaphragms to enable the implementation of the connections in steel structure residential buildings. The flat rectangular CFST columns are characterized by the width-to-depth ratio of the cross-section greater than 2.0. Five test specimens, including three corner connections and two interior connections in a frame structure, with 400×200 mm rectangular CFST column cross-section and various sizes of external diaphragms are designed for the investigation. During the tests, the specimens are subjected to constant axial loads on the columns and cyclic vertical loads at the beam ends that impose bending moments about the strong and weak axis of the columns. Failure modes including buckling in beam flanges, cracking at the welded connections between beam flanges and external diaphragms, and shear failure in panel zones are observed. The load-displacement hysteresis and strain distribution are obtained to evaluate the elastoplastic behavior of the connections. The moment resistance capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, as well as stiffness and strength degeneration of the connections are respectively evaluated. The test results demonstrate that the connections have adequate hysteretic performance for earthquake resilient design of steel structure residential buildings. It is applicable to use small-sized external diaphragms beyond the limitation of existing design specifications for beam-to-column connections with flat rectangular CFST columns.

Overview of occupant behaviour in modelling high-performance residential buildings

As the goal-setting in the European Green Deal is to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, great efforts have been put to improve the energy efficiency in residential buildings. As residential buildings are towards high energy efficiency, building envelopes are becoming better thermally insulated and systems are becoming more energy-efficient. Therefore, the role of occupants in the actual building performance is becoming more important. However, contradictions exist between the uncertainties caused by occupant behaviour (OB) and the over-simplified consideration of OB in building design. Therefore, this paper aims to present a state-of-the-art of how OB is represented in residential buildings. Through a literature study, this paper first reviews different occupant behaviours and how they are considered in the design and operation of high-performance residential buildings. Modelling methods are categorized by occupant activities. In addition, behavioural theories in the application of analysing building performance are reviewed. How the behavioural theories are integrated with state-of-the-art building technologies is outlined. Finally, challenges and suggestions for representing the interaction between occupants and buildings in the design and operation of residential buildings are discussed.