Design Of Residential Buildings Research Articles

Гастрономічна спадщина Буковини: етнографічний аспект

It is emphasized on the historiography of the issue of Ukrainian folk traditional cuisine in the article. In particular, a review of scientific literature and fiction writing culinary editions with the actualized gastronomic issue is submitted. In this context attention is paid mainly to the analysis of ethnological and culinary materials included into the gastronomic guide Tastes of Bukovyna, dedicated to traditional Ukrainian, Moldavian, Romanian, Jewish, Polish dishes and the food of Lipovans Old Believers. Taking this fact into account, problem of popularization of Ukrainian folk traditional gastronomic heritage both in Bukovyna and in Ukraine in general is distinguished. The issues of the compositional features of the book with the detailed descriptions of each chapter, records of culinary recipes, and peculiarities of cooking of the dishes related to family and calendar rites, are considered in the article. Having analyzed the artistic and ethnographic essays, typical features of natural conditions are determined; in particular, the ones of Foothills of Bukovyna and Transnistria as well as the clothing culture in Bukovyna population are found out. Interesting details from the description of the decorative and artistic design of residential and household buildings are revealed and the folklore motifs of the book are considered.

Long Term Performance Assessment of a Residential PV/Thermal Hybrid System

The application of residential rooftop PV systems increased significantly in the last 10 years in many countries and became a major source of clean energy in dwellings besides traditional solar hot water technology. To optimise the performance of these green energy systems, the incorporation of PV/thermal hybrid systems is a future option for sustainable residential building designs. In this work, a novel design of PV/Thermal (PVT) hybrid panels, using heat pipe technology, is proposed with the aim of fulfilling the hot water and electricity demand of a house in Sydney. The heat pipe system is integrated into a traditional PV panel to transfer the heat stored within the PV panel material to a header that is connected to the household hot water cycle. A preliminary analysis of the test results for the proposed PVT system design under different weather conditions in Sydney is conducted, where the transient variation of the output water temperature as well as power production is investigated. The results show that the hot water temperature at the header outlet reaches around a maximum of 50 °C on a typical summer day and a minimum of 30 °C on a typical winter day. The daily heat delivered to the hot water tank is found to be in the range of 3.7–5.2 MJ per m2 of the PVT panel surface area. The results show that the energy efficiency of the adopted PVT panel design could reach more than 4 times higher than the traditional PV panel.

Indoor Thermal Environment in Different Generations of Naturally Ventilated Public Residential Buildings in Singapore

This study aims to evaluate and compare the indoor air velocities and thermal environment inside different generations of public residential buildings developed by the Housing and Development Board (HDB) of Singapore and analyze the impact of façade design on the indoor thermal environment. To achieve this goal, several case studies were carried out, namely, five typical HDB blocks built in different generations from the 1970s to recent years. Firstly, these five blocks with different façade design features were simulated to obtain the indoor air temperatures for both window-closed and window-open scenarios by using the EnergyPlus V22.2.0 (U.S. Department of Energy) and Design-Builder v6 software(DesignBuilder Software Ltd, Stroud, Gloucs, UK). Meanwhile, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to obtain the area-weighted wind velocities in the corresponding zones to evaluate the indoor thermal comfort. Accordingly, the effects of façade design on indoor air temperatures under both the window-closed and window-open conditions were compared and analyzed. Positive correlations between the facades’ window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and the residential envelope transmittance value (RETV) and Ta were confirmed with statistical significance at a 0.05 level. Furthermore, the indoor thermal comfort based on the wind open scenarios was also investigated. The results indicate that the thermal environment can be greatly improved by implementing proper façade design strategies as well as opening the windows, which could result in an average 3.2 °C reduction in Ta. Finally, some principles were proposed for the façade design of residential buildings in tropical regions with similar climate conditions.

Grand designs for design policy: Associations between apartment policy standards, perceptions of good design and mental wellbeing

Comprehensive apartment design policies have been legislated by Australian state governments to address concerns about poor design in residential buildings. These policies aim to improve apartment design and promote good health. This study examined whether: (1) residents living in apartments that implemented more minimum design requirements perceived better apartment design and amenity; and (2) increased implementation of minimum requirements and better perceptions of design were associated with positive mental wellbeing. Apartment complexes (n = 114, built 2006–2016) were sampled from Sydney, Perth, and Melbourne. Building plans and elevations were used to measure and score apartments for their implementation of 96 quantifiable policy-specific requirements and residents (n = 1072) completed a self-report survey on their apartment design and health. Multi-level linear regression models were used to account for clustered data. Residents in apartments with greater implementation of requirements for solar and daylight, indoor space, private open space, communal space and parking had more positive perceptions of their apartment in terms of natural light and winter thermal comfort, indoor space and layout, private open space, communal area quality, and parking, respectively (all p < 0.05). Perceptions of natural ventilation, summer thermal comfort, indoor space, and communal area quality were independently associated with positive mental wellbeing (all p < 0.05), but the objective implementation scores had no direct association. When implemented as intended, minimum requirements had a positive impact on perceptions of design, which were associated with mental wellbeing. The study underscores the importance of planning instruments and design review processes that increase industry uptake of minimum policy standards.

New Heuristic Methods for Sustainable Energy Performance Analysis of HVAC Systems

Energy-efficient buildings have attracted vast attention as a key component of sustainable development. Thermal load analysis is a pivotal step for the proper design of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for increasing thermal comfort in energy-efficient buildings. In this work, novel a methodology is proposed to predict the cooling load (LC) of residential buildings based on their geometrical characteristics. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network was coupled with metaheuristic algorithms to attain its optimum hyperparameter values. According to the results, the LC pattern can be promisingly captured and predicted by all developed hybrid models. Nevertheless, the comparison analysis revealed that the electrostatic discharge algorithm (ESDA) achieved the most powerful MLP model. Hence, utilizing the proposed methodology would give new insights into the thermal load analysis method and bridge the existing gap between the most recently developed computational intelligence techniques and energy performance analysis in the sustainable design of energy-efficient residential buildings.

Application of Open Building Theory in the Regeneration of Old Residential Building

This research is based on the refinement and diversification demand of housing stock quality improving in China. The paper focuses on the complexity of built environment in old residential areas, which involves numerous responsibilities and rights and multi-role cooperation in the process of regeneration. This paper studies the application of open building theory and its derivative theories in the area of housing regeneration, researches the current situation of policies, mechanisms and design methods for the regeneration of old residential areas in China and discusses the theoretical applicability of open building theory in the design practice of old residential building renewal methods in China. The study investigates the situation of the old residential areas in renovation, divides the responsibility and right relationship between the participants and building components by levels, and establishes a localized theoretical model for the regeneration strategy design of the old residential buildings in China. This study will provide scientific theoretical support for the constructing of a sustainable mechanism involving professional decision-making, long-term management and capital introduction, for the build of a multi-dimensional quality improving regeneration of the old residential areas in China.

Co-operative Housing in Lithuania as a Field of Architectural Experimentation (1960s–1980s)

The paper is a study of house-building cooperatives in the Lithuanian SSR as a field of architectural experimentation in planning, design and construction of mass housing during the late Soviet period (1960s–1980s). The house-building co-operatives were re-introduced in the USSR in 1962 as a substitute for the cessation of private single-family houses in large cities. Politically and economically, house-building co-operatives were seen as a solution to the difficult situation posed by the well-known Soviet apartment shortage because co-operative apartment arrangements meant that residents contributed their own funds to the process of building their homes, thereby avoiding the waiting list. The important change that housing co-operatives offered was the possibility for better-to-do citizens to obtain housing luxuries that were previously available only to the privileged party nomenclatura. From an urban planning perspective such a concentration of previously single houses into multi-apartment buildings was meant to minimise the municipal land taken up for housing and reduce the cost of engineering infrastructure. At the same time the introduction of co-operative housing resulted in more varied residential building designs (including more comfortable apartment layouts and better selection of materials), engaging in the process departments of experimental design at the State Design Institutes. In this paper a hypothesis is proposed that the development of co-operative housing stimulated architectural experimentation for groups concerning both privileged residents (because the process of co-operative housing accelerated the concentration of more affluent urban dwellers) and architects, who wished to express more varied residential planning ideas. The paper is a study of house-building cooperatives in the Lithuanian SSR as a field of architectural experimentation in the planning, design, and construction of mass housing during the late Soviet period (1960s–80s). House-building co-operatives were re-introduced in the USSR in 1962 as a substitute for the stoppage of private single-family dwellings in large cities. Politically and economically, house-building co-operatives were seen as a solution to the difficult situation posed by the apartment shortage. The co-operative apartment arrangements meant that residents contributed their own funds to the process of building their homes, thereby avoiding the waiting list. The important change that housing co-operatives offered was the possibility for better-off citizens to obtain housing luxuries that were previously available only to privileged communist party elite. From an urban planning perspective, concentrating zones previously allotted to single-family dwellings into multi-apartment buildings was a means of minimizing the municipal land taken up by housing and reducing the cost of engineering infrastructure. At the same time, the introduction of co-operative housing resulted in more varied residential building designs (including more comfortable apartment layouts and better selection of materials). The departments of experimental design at the State Design Institutes were engaged in the process. In this paper, we suggest the hypothesis that the development of co-operative housing stimulated architectural experimentation for two groups of people: privileged residents (because the process of co-operative housing accelerated the concentration of more affluent urban dwellers), and architects, eager to implement more varied residential planning ideas.

Development of a probabilistic behavioural model creating diverse A/C operation patterns of households

Studies that attempt to model real patterns of residential occupant behaviour have become increasingly popular over the last decade. Most research of this kind tend to produce behaviour profiles based on an average occupant, yet the prediction of residential energy consumption varies significantly according to behavioural profiles of individual households. Oftentimes, averaged behavioural profiles are inadequate for predicting energy demands accurately, therefore requiring models to incorporate the diversity of occupants’ behaviours. The main objective was to develop an air-conditioning (A/C) usage model that produces diverse A/C cooling and heating operation patterns in residential settings. Longitudinal field observations were conducted in 41 Brisbane region households of Australia over a one-year period. Regression coefficients in the model were set to be drawn from a normal distribution to reproduce observed variability in A/C operation patterns amongst the households. Simulations were performed on a validation dataset to test the predictive skill of the model. The result indicated that the frequency and duration of A/C usage observed in the validation dataset well matched with the prediction made by the model. The proposed model could be incorporated in building energy simulation tools to predict realistic energy use for A/C in a given residential building design.

Architects 'understanding of citizens' style in the design of residential buildings’ facades with emphasis on "Bourdieu's theory of distinction"

Architects 'understanding of citizens' style in the design of residential buildings’ facades with emphasis on "Bourdieu's theory of distinction"

Analysis of Improvement and Innovation Strategy of Urban Residential Building Design

Analysis of Improvement and Innovation Strategy of Urban Residential Building Design

Application of Planar Binary Image in Building Elevation Design

Architecture is one of the key and important parts of a city. Various kinds of buildings have absolute control over the quantity and area and are the key factors for the appearance of a city. With the development of cities and the increase of population, high-rise residential buildings can effectively alleviate the shortage of urban residential land, but at the same time, it also brings some problems, such as monotonous elevation of high-rise residential buildings, improper selection of elevation forms. As people’s aesthetic awareness is getting higher and higher, people’s requirements for the image of residential buildings are getting higher and higher. However, the research on the elevation design of high-rise residential buildings is relatively lagging behind. Therefore, it is necessary to enrich and expand the elevation design of high-rise residential buildings. Image binarization is an important technology in image preprocessing. It plays an important role in pattern recognition, optical character recognition, and medical imaging. Binary image is a simple image format. It has only two gray levels, but it occupies an important position in the field of image processing. In specific image processing application systems, it is often necessary to obtain binary values. The binary image processing arithmetic is developed from set theory under mathematical morphology. Although its basic arithmetic is simple, it can produce complex results. Based on the characteristics of binary image and the complex effect it produces, this paper finds out its regularity, finds a design method of building elevation, and realizes the application of binary image in building elevation design.

Discussion on the Application of Green Building Concept in Residential Building Design

Discussion on the Application of Green Building Concept in Residential Building Design

Study on Energy-saving Strategy in the Initial Stage of Residential Building Design

Study on Energy-saving Strategy in the Initial Stage of Residential Building Design

Analysis of environmental impacts and costs of a residential building over its entire life cycle to achieve nearly zero energy and low emission objectives

Nowadays, European Union (EU) requests that all its members encourage Net-zero energy and emission in the buildings by 2050. There are multiple studies within the EU related to this field, but few of them are associated with environmental cost assessment and reduction. What can be the new strategies allowing to reduce ecological impact costs at the scale of the building? In response to this question, this research has been carried out, with, the main objective, to evaluate, analyse, and propose some scenarios allowing to design of residential buildings with nearly zero energy, low emission, and low cost throughout the world. The strategies detailed in this research can be applied and adapted in all the regions of the world. A life cycle assessment (LCA) of a typical building is carried out using the Pleiades software database comprising a Dynamic Thermal Simulation calculation engine (STD) making it possible to simulate the thermal in order to describe the energy behaviours of a building and its equipment. Four life cycle phases (construction, use, renovation, and end of life) of buildings have been assessed. The results showed that the use of a dual-service air-to-water heat pump enables a considerable reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and, on average, the indicators decrease by around 9%. It was concluded that the use of heat pumps makes it possible to reduce the cost of 9 environmental impacts between 8.7% and 13.1% compared to the initial cost, over a period of 80 yr.

Experimental behavior of steel-beam to flat rectangular CFST column connections with small-sized external diaphragms

This paper experimentally investigates the hysteretic behavior of beam-to-column connections between steel beams and flat rectangular concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns with small-sized external diaphragms to enable the implementation of the connections in steel structure residential buildings. The flat rectangular CFST columns are characterized by the width-to-depth ratio of the cross-section greater than 2.0. Five test specimens, including three corner connections and two interior connections in a frame structure, with 400×200 mm rectangular CFST column cross-section and various sizes of external diaphragms are designed for the investigation. During the tests, the specimens are subjected to constant axial loads on the columns and cyclic vertical loads at the beam ends that impose bending moments about the strong and weak axis of the columns. Failure modes including buckling in beam flanges, cracking at the welded connections between beam flanges and external diaphragms, and shear failure in panel zones are observed. The load-displacement hysteresis and strain distribution are obtained to evaluate the elastoplastic behavior of the connections. The moment resistance capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, as well as stiffness and strength degeneration of the connections are respectively evaluated. The test results demonstrate that the connections have adequate hysteretic performance for earthquake resilient design of steel structure residential buildings. It is applicable to use small-sized external diaphragms beyond the limitation of existing design specifications for beam-to-column connections with flat rectangular CFST columns.

Overview of occupant behaviour in modelling high-performance residential buildings

As the goal-setting in the European Green Deal is to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, great efforts have been put to improve the energy efficiency in residential buildings. As residential buildings are towards high energy efficiency, building envelopes are becoming better thermally insulated and systems are becoming more energy-efficient. Therefore, the role of occupants in the actual building performance is becoming more important. However, contradictions exist between the uncertainties caused by occupant behaviour (OB) and the over-simplified consideration of OB in building design. Therefore, this paper aims to present a state-of-the-art of how OB is represented in residential buildings. Through a literature study, this paper first reviews different occupant behaviours and how they are considered in the design and operation of high-performance residential buildings. Modelling methods are categorized by occupant activities. In addition, behavioural theories in the application of analysing building performance are reviewed. How the behavioural theories are integrated with state-of-the-art building technologies is outlined. Finally, challenges and suggestions for representing the interaction between occupants and buildings in the design and operation of residential buildings are discussed.

RECONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WITH THE ORGANIZATION OF GREEN ROOF

The design of a low-rise residential building with an exploited green roof was studied. In order to improve the ecological condition and tourist attractiveness of the building in the city of Odessa, a project of eco-reconstruction of the "Rodokonaki" apartment building with the organization of a flat exploited green roof is proposed. The project involves a combined plan of an exploited roof with combined landscaping and landscaping, and can also be considered as a fifth facade. Using the example of the designed building, it was found that the steppe type of roof landscaping is the most promising for arid Ukrainian regions, in particular, the city of Odessa. It is proposed to place benches made of natural eco-material - wood on the exploited roof; small architectural forms (lamps, urns - also made of eco-wood). Bushes with a stone fence are planted around the perimeter of the roof. Stone paving with a fountain, green spaces and a small children's playground is designed on the territory of the house. The use of ecological finishing materials provides visual comfort and brings people closer to the natural environment. The use of green spaces on the roof ensures not only an increase in the standard of living of citizens, but also improves human health, makes the surrounding urban environment comfortable and close to natural conditions. Energy saving is achieved due to the increased thermal insulation properties of the green roof. Exploited roofs can be additional public spaces, sports areas and meeting places. The main advantages of this solution, structural features, calculated loads on the roof, as well as types of landscaping are analyzed. It has been proven that the principles and methods of "green roof" must be implemented in modern construction to improve the emotional state of residents, urban ecology, and tourism development.

The Improvisation Strategy of Escape Route Design in High Rise Residential Buildings in Malaysia

The Improvisation Strategy of Escape Route Design in High Rise Residential Buildings in Malaysia

Effect of balcony forms difference on indoor thermal environment and energy saving performance of multiple-dwelling house

By optimizing the design of the building envelope, it is possible to create a more comfortable and energy-efficient indoor environment for the occupants. However, due to environmental issues in high-density cities, open balconies might affect the health of occupants. The current research focuses on the effect of a single balcony form in different climates, which could be detrimental to the diversity of balcony designs. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine the rationality of traditional Japanese open balconies in terms of building envelope design and living environment to optimize the indoor thermal environment and reduce the energy consumption of dwellings. Focusing on Kitakyushu, Japan, which is in a warm climate, this paper conducts a comprehensive comparative study of the effects of building envelope design for residential buildings, including balcony form, thermal insulation performance, room orientation, and the window-to-wall ratio of balcony facades. The results of the study indicate that 1) the closed balcony design is strongly applicable to houses in warm climate regions in winter; 2) closed balconies facing south have a more positive impact on the indoor thermal environment, and energy-saving performance than open balconies; 3) even closed balconies without insulation could achieve higher thermal environment gains than open balconies with insulation. Designing a special type of closed balcony for residences in winter is more energy-efficient than insulation. This study proposes architectural envelope designs that are adapted to specific environmental and climatic conditions. It contributes to providing residential designers with a measure of how to provide a comfortable residential thermal environment and energy efficiency for occupants through architectural envelope design.

Design and Analysis of (G+4) Residential Building Using ETABS

Abstract: Structural analysis is a branch that involves determining the behaviour of a structure to predict the response of different structural components due to loading effects. Every structure will be subjected to a load or set of loads, the various loads usually considered are dead load, live load, seismic load and wind load. In our project, we use ETABS software to analyse various loads such as dead load, live load, seismic load. The main objective of the project is to acquire sufficient knowledge of architectural planning, analysis and design. Practical knowledge is an important and essential skill that every engineer needs. For the analysis and design of multi-story buildings, concepts of structural engineering are required, as well a basic concept of theoretical and practical knowledge of planning and design. In this project, we mainly deal with (G+4) residential building using ETABS, and attempt to analyse and design multi-storey building using ETABS. The analysis is performed by static methods and the design is carried out according to IS 456:2000 guidelines. Drawings of plans, elevation, section, site plan, service plan, etc.. are done using AutoCAD software.