Description Of Theory Research Articles

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ НАПРУЖЕНО-ДЕФОРМОВАНОГО СТАНУ ТОНКОСТІННИХ КУПОЛІВ З ПОЛІКАРБОНАТУ ДЛЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ

The paper contains the further developed of method for calculating thin-walled dome systemswithout a stationary foundation. Have been carried out the detailed analysis of the fundamental design solutions for frameless collapsible spherical polycarbonate domes, which are used by modern world manufacturers of these structures. Have been done a brief description of the momentless theory of the operation of spherical shells, which is adapted for polycarbonate domes. Have been considered a simplified analytical model of the stress-strain state of a spherical shell with an equatorial diameter of up to5 m under the influence of climatic influences for the subsequent verification of detailed models. Have been developed highly detailed finite element models of domes of different sizes, taking into account technological openings and structural stiffeners (support ring and door frame) under the wind, snow, ice loads and under other climatic influences. Have been identified the fragments with the highest stresses from various loads and forms of the deformation of the structure.Have been considered separately the issues related to the loss of shape stability, position and balance of a thin-walled spherical shell, as a light temporary structure. Have been proven that the worst influence on the dome structures is the windinfluence, based on the stability criterion. Have been determined the estimated value of the aerodynamic lifting force from wind effects on the dome. Have been proven that the lifting force far exceeds the stabilizing force of the weight of a thin-walled dome. Have been revealed with the help of the performed calculations, it was that a frameless spherical polycarbonate dome inevitably БУДІВЕЛЬНІ КОНСТРУКЦІЇНАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНИЙ ЖУРНАЛ “СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ, МАТЕРІАЛИ І КОНСТРУКЦІЇ В БУДІВНИЦТВІ”84loses its balance stability due to the action of wind loads and requires unfastening with anchors. Have been proposed a rational method for anchoring dome structures at temporary earthen construction sites using geo-screws or metal screw piles. Have been revealed the addiction between the radius of curvature of a spherical dome and the rational thickness of polycarbonate based on the criteria of stiffness and strength. Have been formulated the constructive recommendations regarding the rational design of polycarbonate dome systems. Have been developed the technological regulations for the further safe operation of domes, and have been outlined the directions for further scientific research on this topic

Nanoscopic jets and filaments of superfluid 4He at zero temperature: A DFT study.

The instability of a cryogenic 4He jet exiting through a small nozzle into vacuum leads to the formation of 4He drops, which are considered ideal matrices for spectroscopic studies of embedded atoms and molecules. Here, we present a He-density functional theory (DFT) description of droplet formation resulting from jet breaking and contraction of superfluid 4He filaments. Whereas the fragmentation of long jets closely follows the predictions of linear theory for inviscid fluids, leading to droplet trains interspersed with smaller satellite droplets, the contraction of filaments with an aspect ratio larger than a threshold value leads to the nucleation of vortex rings, which hinder their breakup into droplets.

The Picture Theory of Disability.

The leading models of disability struggle to fully encompass all aspects of "disability." This difficulty arises, the author argues, because the models fundamentally misunderstand the nature of disability. Current theoretical approaches to disability can be understood as "nounal," in that they understand disability as a thing that is caused or embodied. In contrast, this paper presents an adverbial perspective on disability, which shows that disability is experienced as a personally irremediable impediment to daily-living tasks or goals-like-ours. The picture theory of disability technically constitutes a species of relational approach because its analysis references the interplay between an individual and their environment; it differs from other relational accounts, however, by interpreting disability as a certain kind of negative experience-rather than a function of that relationship. This purely descriptive theory makes no normative claims about disability and operates as both a mechanism for the evaluation of the experience of disability and a heuristic device for the proper interpretation of disability. When disability is reframed in this way, the theory offers a particularist perspective which shows if, when, where, and how disability is experienced.

Invariants associated to a variational problem

New conservation laws associated to a variational problem are stated, to this aim the Poincaré–Cartan form assumed to be an essential element in the multisymplectic description of Classical Field Theories.

A Matrix Model for Flat Space Quantum Gravity

We take a step towards the non-perturbative description of a two-dimensional dilaton-gravity theory which has a vanishing cosmological constant and contains black holes. This is done in terms of a double-scaled Hermitian random matrix model which non-perturbatively computes the partition function for the asymptotic Bondi Hamiltonian. To arrive at this connection we first construct the gauge-invariant asymptotic phase space of the theory and determine the relevant asymptotic boundary conditions, compute the classical S-matrix and, finally, shed light on the interpretation of the Euclidean path integral defined in previous works. We then construct a matrix model that matches the topological expansion of the latter, to all orders. This allows us to compute the fine-grained Bondi spectrum and other late time observables and to construct asymptotic Hilbert spaces. We further study aspects of the semi-classical dynamics of the finite cut-off theory coupled to probe matter and find evidence of maximally chaotic behavior in out-of-time-order correlators. We conclude with a strategy for constructing the non-perturbative S-matrix for our model coupled to probe matter and comment on the treatment of black holes in celestial holography.

A tube model for predicting the stress and dielectric relaxations of polydisperse linear polymers

We present an algorithm to predict the linear relaxation spectra for linear polymers of fully general and arbitrary polydispersity. As is common in the tube theory descriptions of linear polymers, we assume that the stress relaxation is affected by both the constraint release and tube escape modes, but unlike most existing descriptions we consider how these two modes of relaxation affect each other. We argue that the proper description for relaxation in an arbitrary blend of linear polymers requires consideration of multiple embedded tubes affecting the different relaxation pathways; we propose a novel but minimal description involving five embedded tubes. Building on prior work for binary blends, we derive the scaling level descriptions of the relaxation pathways. We use a large number of existing experimental results on the stress and dielectric relaxations to validate our model, ensuring we explore a very broad range of parameter space.

How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model.

Trust exerts an impact on essentially all forms of social relationships. It affects individuals in deciding whether and how they will or will not interact with other people. Equally, trust also influences the stance of entire nations in their mutual dealings. In consequence, understanding the factors that influence the decision to trust, or not to trust, is crucial to the full spectrum of social dealings. Here, we report the most comprehensive extant meta-analysis of experimental findings relating to such human-to-human trust. Our analysis provides a quantitative evaluation of the factors that influence interpersonal trust, the initial propensity to trust, as well as an assessment of the general trusting of others. Over 2,000 relevant studies were initially identified for potential inclusion in the meta-analysis. Of these, (n = 338) passed all screening criteria and provided therefrom a total of (n = 2,185) effect sizes for analysis. The identified dependent variables were trustworthiness, propensity to trust, general trust, and the trust that supervisors and subordinates express in each other. Correlational results demonstrated that a large range of trustor, trustee, and shared, contextual factors impact each of trustworthiness, the propensity to trust, and trust within working relationships. The emphasis in the present work on contextual factors being one of several trust dimensions herein originated. Experimental results established that the reputation of the trustee and the shared closeness of trustor and trustee were the most predictive factors of trustworthiness outcome. From these collective findings, we propose an elaborated, overarching descriptive theory of trust in which special note is taken of the theory's application to the growing human need to trust in non-human entities. The latter include diverse forms of automation, robots, artificially intelligent entities, as well as specific implementations such as driverless vehicles to name but a few. Future directions as to the momentary dynamics of trust development, its sustenance and its dissipation are also evaluated.

A synthetic theory to integrate and explain the causes of the Flynn effect: The Parental Executive Model

The Flynn effect is one of the most interesting puzzles in psychology. Measured intelligence increased worldwide for a century, primarily in the fluid domain. Some increases may be flattening and/or reversing. Around 20 theories have been developed to explain the Flynn effect; most have empirical or conceptual weaknesses, though they also have strengths and face validity. The role of parents has been given only slight attention in past theorizing. We propose a new synthetic theory, the Parental Executive Model (the PEM) that integrates, organizes, and takes advantage of most previous theories. To structure our paper, we begin with a description of synthetic theories, and how to evaluate them (which has unique and difficult challenges). Following, we review the Flynn effect, and briefly summarize the new theory. Next, recent research is reviewed suggesting the value of re-conceptualizing the location of the Flynn effect to focus on families, and parents. Following, we describe the PEM, which states that parents – and teachers, authors, friends, etc. – use their agency to manage children's intellectual growth. The PEM posits that many (not all) parents subjectively optimize their children's intellectual outcomes, taking advantage of some subset of available resources – nutrition, education, technology, health care, etc. Cross-generational momentum occurs as parenting improves across generations. Prior research motivating the PEM is reviewed, and methods to evaluate the PEM are discussed. Finally, one recent empirical evaluation of the PEM is reviewed, that the cognitive home environment has been improving over time.

New tools for dissecting the general 2HDM

Two Higgs doublet models (2HDM) provide the low energy effective theory (EFT) description in many well motivated extensions of the Standard Model. It is therefore relevant to study their properties, as well as the theoretical constraints on these models. In this article we concentrate on three relevant requirements for the validity of the 2HDM framework, namely the perturbative unitarity bounds, the bounded from below constraints, and the vacuum stability constraints. In this study, we concentrate on the most general renormalizable version of the 2HDM — without imposing any parity symmetry, which may be violated in many UV extensions. We derive novel analytical expressions that generalize those previously obtained in more restrictive scenarios to the most general case. We also discuss the phenomenological implications of these bounds, focusing on mathcal{CP} violation.

Gauge theory description of Rydberg atom arrays with a tunable blockade radius

We discuss a Rydberg atom chain with a tunable blockade radius from the gauge theoretic perspective. When the blockade radius is one lattice spacing, this system can be formulated in terms of the PXP model, and there is a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Ising phase transition known to be equivalent to a confinement-deconfinement transition in a gauge theory, the lattice Schwinger model. Further increasing the blockade radius, one can add a next-nearest neighbor (NNN) interaction into the PXP model. We discuss the interpretation of NNN interaction in terms of the gauge theory and how finite NNN interaction alters the deconfinement behavior and propose a corresponding experimental protocol. When the blockade radius reaches two lattice spacing, the model reduces to the PPXPP model. A novel gauge theory equivalent to the PPXPP model is formulated, and the phases in the two formulations are delineated. These results are readily explored experimentally in Rydberg quantum simulators.

The Optical Signatures of Stochastic Processes in Many-Body Exciton Scattering.

We review our recent quantum stochastic model for spectroscopic lineshapes in the presence of a coevolving and nonstationary background population of excitations. Starting from a field theory description for interacting bosonic excitons, we derive a reduced model whereby optical excitons are coupled to an incoherent background via scattering as mediated by their screened Coulomb coupling. The Heisenberg equationsof motion for the optical excitons are then driven by an auxiliary stochastic population variable, which we take to be the solution of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Here, we present an overview of the theoretical techniques we have developed as applied to predicting coherent nonlinear spectroscopic signals. We show how direct (Coulomb) and exchange coupling to the bath give rise to distinct spectral signatures and discuss mathematical limits on inverting spectral signatures to extract the background density of states. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Volume 74 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Hall Droplet Sheets in Holographic QCD

In single-flavor QCD, the low energy description of baryons as Skyrmions is not available. In this case, it has been proposed by Komargodski that baryons can be viewed as kinds of charged quantum Hall droplets, or “sheets”. In this paper we propose a string theory description of the sheets in single-flavor holographic QCD, focusing on the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model. The sheets have a “hard” gluonic core, described by D6-branes, and a “soft” mesonic shell, dual to non-trivial D8-brane gauge field configurations. We first provide the description of an infinitely extended sheet with massless or moderately massive quarks. Then, we construct a semi-infinite sheet ending on a one-dimensional boundary, a “vortex string”. The holographic description allows for the precise calculation of sheet observables. In particular, we compute the tension and thickness of the sheet and the vortex string, and provide their four dimensional effective actions.

Reasoning by Analogy in Mathematical Practice

Abstract In this paper, we offer a descriptive theory of analogical reasoning in mathematics, stating general conditions under which an analogy may provide genuine inductive support to a mathematical conjecture (over and above fulfilling the merely heuristic role of ‘suggesting’ a conjecture in the psychological sense). The proposed conditions generalize the criteria of Hesse in her influential work on analogical reasoning in the empirical sciences. By reference to several case studies, we argue that the account proposed in this paper does a better job in vindicating the use of analogical inference in mathematics than the prominent alternative defended by Bartha.

Emerging insights in transformative learning

AbstractThis article describes four emerging theoretical approaches in transformative learning (TL). Elaborations of existing theories, descriptions of new theories, and analyses of TL processes are reviewed. Implications for understanding key TL concepts of experience, reflection, dialogue, disorientation, self, agency, autonomy, and time are discussed highlighting implications for practice.

Phase transitions in TGFT: a Landau-Ginzburg analysis of Lorentzian quantum geometric models

In the tensorial group field theory (TGFT) approach to quantum gravity, the basic quanta of the theory correspond to discrete building blocks of geometry. It is expected that their collective dynamics gives rise to continuum spacetime at a coarse grained level, via a process involving a phase transition. In this work we show for the first time how phase transitions for realistic TGFT models can be realized using Landau-Ginzburg mean-field theory. More precisely, we consider models generating 4-dimensional Lorentzian triangulations formed by spacelike tetrahedra the quantum geometry of which is encoded in non-local degrees of freedom on the non-compact group SL(2, ℂ) and subject to gauge and simplicity constraints. Further we include ℝ-valued variables which may be interpreted as discretized scalar fields typically employed as a matter reference frame. We apply the Ginzburg criterion finding that fluctuations around the non-vanishing mean-field vacuum remain small at large correlation lengths regardless of the combinatorics of the non-local interaction validating the mean-field theory description of the phase transition. This work represents a first crucial step to understand phase transitions in compelling TGFT models for quantum gravity and paves the way for a more complete analysis via functional renormalization group techniques. Moreover, it supports the recent extraction of effective cosmological dynamics from TGFTs in the context of a mean-field approximation.

Ethics Toward Nature in View of Seyyed's Ecosophy Hossein Nasr

This research aims to discuss the environmental crisis that occurs almost all over the world. This research uses a library research approach that contains descriptions of theories, findings and research materials obtained from reference materials to make the basis of research. The results of this study show that the cause of global environmental damage is due to the influence of the reductionist and exploitative western scientific paradigm. Descartes' philosophy that separates the spirit from the body and Newton's mechanistic physics that considers every organism can be known by separating it into small parts like a machine make science dry of spiritual things. Humans are an integral unit and cannot be separated from this nature, awareness of the position of humans in nature as caliphs who must maintain and preserve nature is the main key in handling this natural damage. Nasr provides a solution with Scientia Sacra, which is sacred knowledge that involves revelation which is the heart of knowledge and it is the center of this environment that includes and determines tradition.

Bayesian estimation of the low-energy constants up to fourth order in the nucleon-nucleon sector of chiral effective field theory

We use Bayesian methods and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) sampling to infer the posterior probability density function (PDF) for the low-energy constants (LECs) up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in a chiral effective field theory ($\ensuremath{\chi}\mathrm{EFT}$) description of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. In a first step, we condition the inference on neutron-proton and proton-proton scattering data and account for uncorrelated $\ensuremath{\chi}\mathrm{EFT}$ truncation errors. We demonstrate how to successfully sample the 31-dimensional space of LECs at N3LO using a revised HMC inference protocol. In a second step we extend the analysis by means of importance sampling and an empirical determination of the neutron-neutron scattering length to infer the posterior PDF for the leading charge-dependent contact LEC in the $^{1}S_{0}$ neutron-neutron interaction channel. While doing so we account for the $\ensuremath{\chi}\mathrm{EFT}$ truncation error via a conjugate prior. We use the resulting posterior PDF to sample the posterior predictive distributions for the effective range parameters in the $^{1}S_{0}$ wave as well as the strengths of charge-symmetry breaking and charge-independence breaking. We conclude that empirical point-estimate results of isospin breaking in the $^{1}S_{0}$ channel are consistent with the PDFs obtained in our Bayesian analysis and that, when accounting for $\ensuremath{\chi}\mathrm{EFT}$ truncation errors, one must go to next-to-next-to-leading order to confidently detect isospin breaking effects.

Semiorthomodular BZ⁎–lattices

Paraorthomodular BZ⁎-lattices, for short PBZ⁎-lattices, were introduced in [8] as an abstraction from the lattice of effects of a complex separable Hilbert space, endowed with the spectral ordering. These structures were meant to be a first approximation to a complete description of the equational theory of such lattices of effects. A better approximation is introduced here, together with a preliminary investigation of its properties.

Multicontact formulation for non-conservative field theories

A new geometric structure inspired by multisymplectic and contact geometries, which we call multicontact structure, is developed to describe non-conservative classical field theories. Using the differential forms that define this multicontact structure as well as other geometric elements that are derived from them while assuming certain conditions, we can introduce, on the multicontact manifolds, the variational field equations which are stated using sections, multivector fields, and Ehresmann connections on the adequate fiber bundles. Furthermore, it is shown how this multicontact framework can be adapted to the jet bundle description of classical field theories; the field equations are stated in the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian formalisms both in the regular and the singular cases.

Giant Vortices and the Regge Limit

In recent years it has been shown that strongly coupled systems become analytically tractable in the regime of large quantum numbers, such as large spin or large charge. The effective theories that emerge in these two limits are Regge theory and superfluid theory, respectively. Here we make a proposal for a new phase, the “giant vortex,” describing an intermediate regime with large spin and charge. The new phase connects superfluid theory with the large-spin expansion. The giant vortex admits a semi-classical effective theory description with peculiar chiral excitations (moving at the speed of light) and a Fock space of states that is reminiscent of the multi-twist operators in Regge theory, including the leading and daughter Regge trajectories. A similar giant vortex phase appears for Bose-Einstein condensates in a rotating trap, and our results should be applicable in that context as well. We show that the transition from the giant vortex to the Regge regime is accompanied by the scaling dimension turning from being larger than to being smaller than the mean field theory value, i.e. gravity switches from being the weakest force at small AdS distance to being the strongest force at large AdS distance.