Personality Descriptions Research Articles

It’s a Wonderful Life: William H. Teale’s Contributions to Early and Emergent Literacy

We highlight in this essay the significant career contributions of William H. Teale to the field of literacy research, policy, and practice in recognition of his receipt of the 2020 Oscar S. Causey Award. First, we contextualize Professor Teale’s scholarship through personal descriptions of our decades-long collegial relationships with him. We then trace Teale’s early work to the career defining scholarship that led to paradigmatic shifts in early literacy research and practice. We highlight explicitly his consequential coauthored volume Emergent Literacy (Teale & Sulzby, 1986), which redefined literate practice and unlinked it from its conventional print-based onset to instead focus on the emergent literate practices that form the foundation of children’s meaningful engagement as literate beings. In the second half of our essay, we amplify the voices of colleagues across the world who provide testimonials that evidence the far-reaching and indelible impact of Professor Teale’s lifelong scholarship, which examined how to improve children’s literacy experiences through (a) the quality of literature they read, (b) teachers’ access to and interactions with models of high-quality instruction, and (c) school leadership development.

Karakteristik Kepribadian Frater di Wilayah Keuskupan Agung Jakarta Berdasarkan Five-Factor Model

Personality is one of the main things that are being shaped during the formation of Catholic Priest. However, assessments of personality are often only based on preceptor observations. This study aims to find out the personality characteristics of the brothers to help the preceptors educating them. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with 82 brothers who live in Archdiocese of Jakarta as participants. Participants are currently undergoing stage of Bachelor studies, Pastoral Orientation Year, or Master studies with age range of 20-38 years (M = 23.44, SD = 3.447). Participants were collected by convenience sampling method, by distributing online questionnaires. The general personality description is obtained by processing the score of each Big Five Marker (IPIP-BFM-50) in Indonesian domain with descriptive statistical methods. ANOVA test is carried out to see the differences based on the formation stages. Most of the brothers have moderate scores for each domain, so the expressions can be trained to suit the needs of Church. However, some of them have extremely low score on Emotional Stability (3.7%), thus showing high tendency to be susceptible to stress and negative emotions. Agreeableness is the dominant characteristic as there are no extreme low scores in this domain and the SD on the raw score is also the smallest. It is also found that there are significant differences in Agreeableness based on the stages of the formation that are being undertaken.

Implementing Personalized Genetic Medicine

Implementing Personalized Genetic Medicine

Estimulação elétrica neural transcutânea (tens) na paroxismia do tronco cerebral: relato de caso

INTRODUÇÃO: A paroxismia de tronco encefálico, descrita em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM), caracteriza-se por episódios rápidos de vertigem e nistagmos evocados por movimentos cefálicos. A neuromodulação tem apresentado sucesso terapêutico em várias disfunções da EM, mas ainda não foi utilizada na paroxismia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito aditivo da neuromodulação por estimulação elétrica neural transcutânea (TENS) na musculatura periocular em paciente com EM e paroxismia de tronco encefálico não responsiva à reabilitação clássica associada à medicação. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Avaliação do nistagmo com videonistagmógrafo, da sensibilidade cutânea facial com estesiômetro, do blefaroclônus por gravação em vídeo e da sensação dolorosa de forma subjetiva (descrição pessoal da paciente); execução de 10 sessões consecutivas semanais de exercícios oculares associados à TENS na musculatura do oblíquo inferior e reto lateral direitos. RESULTADO: Melhora da algia, do blefaroclônus, da vertigem e do nistagmo ocular direito. CONCLUSÃO: A neuromodulação com TENS parece ser uma terapia complementar válida para pacientes com EM e paroxismia de tronco não responsivos aos demais tratamentos clínicos, porém mais estudos são necessários para confirmar esse achado.

Out of fright, out of mind: impaired memory for information negated during looming threat

People often need to update representations of information upon discovering them to be incorrect, a process that can be interrupted by competing cognitive demands. Because anxiety and stress can impair cognitive performance, we tested whether looming threat can similarly interfere with the process of updating representations of a statement’s truthfulness. On each trial, participants saw a face paired with a personality descriptor. Each pairing was followed by a signal indicating whether the pairing was “true”, or “false” (a negation of the truth of the statement), and this signal could be followed by a warning of imminent electric shock (i.e., the looming threat). As predicted, threat of shock left memory for “true” pairings intact, while impairing people’s ability to label negated pairings as untrue. Contrary to our predictions, the pattern of errors for pairings that were negated under threat suggested that these mistakes were at least partly attributable to participants forgetting that they saw the negated information at all (rather than being driven by miscategorization of the pairings as true). Consistent with this, linear ballistic accumulator modelling suggested that this impaired recognition stemmed from weaker memory traces rather than decisional processes. We suggest that arousal due to looming threat may interfere with executive processes important for resolving competition between mutually suppressive tags of whether representations in memory are “true” or “false”.

Identifying Faking on Forced-Choice Personality Items Using Mouse Tracking

This research utilizes mouse tracking as a potential behavioral method to examine cognitive processes underlying faking on forced-choice personality inventories. Mouse tracking is a method from social categorization research that captures a variety of metrics related to motor movements, which are linked to cognitive processing. To explore the utility of this method, we examined differences in the mouse tracking metrics of those instructed to respond honestly or to fake. Our findings show that there is a distinguishable difference in the behavioral response of those who are faking when responding to pairs of personality descriptors presented in a forced-choice format compared to those who are responding honestly. Implications and contributions of this study include insights into the cognitive processing that can occur while responding to personality items when respondents are faking and a demonstration of how mouse tracking methods can be used to detect faking.

Education and Its Influence on the Nation-Building Process: A Reflection on Ambedkar’s Views in Colonial India

The perspective of looking at certain stalwarts of the Indian Freedom Struggle revolves around their acts which shaped times they lived in. These acts were widely considered as reactions to the prevailing discrepancies in the country’s social, political, economic and religious life. Consequently, the philosophical basis behind such action could not be elaborately and extensively articulated or analysed and thus, what ensued was a crude description of personalities. So seemed to be the case of Babasaheb Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar (1891–1956) who was recognized as a social reformer and political leader with a vision of social, political and economic inclusion of the Depressed Classes (Dalits) in mainstream society. But his ability to question the structures of society and religion which had come from consciousness developed out of education, remained neglected in academia for a long time. After significant recent work became available regarding views on education, he was accepted as an ‘educator’. However, the influence of his educational philosophy in the nation-building process needs to be further explored since he opposed the dominant nationalist discourse.

Numerical Simulation of Axial Pressure Bearing Capacity of Building Concrete Short Column Based on Finite Element Analysis

Based on the ANSYS finite element platform, considering the geometric parameters and calculation method of the short column Axis material of concrete building, a numerical model of the Axial bearing capacity of concrete building under the finite element analysis is established. On the basis of the model, the load displacement curves of concrete bearing concrete bearing short column Axial pressure under the characteristics of different straps are analyzed, the standard values are set, and the concrete compression strength is set. The concrete conditions and numerical model simulation are established. Feasibility analysis, Through the test results and its specific test content to judge, put forward the test results of the matching method and strategy, give a personal opinion and test description.

DESCRIPTOR POTENTIAL OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NEW METHODS OF LEXICAL ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY STRUCTURE

Introduction. The relevance of the study is caused by the existing need to develop psycholexical research, which will allow the universalization and operationalization of theoretical psychological constructs and models. The specifics of psycholexical research are revealed. The main advantages and limitations of the psycholexical method are analyzed. Methodology. Prospects for the analysis of the Ukrainian language with the help of a new method of separating the factor structure of low and high dimensions are presented. The initial provisions and procedure of psycholexical research on the basis of the Ukrainian lexicon of personality are described. Results. Based on the determination of the appropriate number of factors and the comparison of different methods of data processing, the choice of personality descriptors and the rotation of the factors, structures of different dimensions are singled out on the basis of the same data. Discussion. The authors emphasized on the need to analyze the resulting structures, taking into account the theory of the psycholexic industry, as well as giving theoretical meaning to open dimensions, checking their descriptive and explanatory meaning on the way to creating a theoretical model.

Crying and sadness after sexual intercourse: a qualitative study of postcoital dysphoria

A phenomenon of postcoital dysphoria is the experience of negative affect after sexual intercourse, specifically speaking: tearfulness, a sense of melancholy or depression, anxiety, or aggression, which is hard to control or minimalize. The causes of this phenomenon are unknown. This article presents a content analysis of personal descriptions published on online forums from women suffering from postcoital dysphoria. The aims of the study are to determine the problem of this phenomenon in personal experiences, to exhibit if psychological description coincides with women’s descriptions, and to check how often women write on forums about their problem. The study was qualitative research: the content analysis of posts appearing on online forums. The study included six online forums related to mental health, relationship, and sexuality. All descriptions have been divided into three groups connected with emotions, behavior, and partner’s response. Due to the qualitative research, the most popular PCD symptoms are: crying and sobbing what might result from both positive and negative emotions. Based-on theory description of PCD symptoms does not coincide with personal experiences. Furthermore, the partner’s response is relevant for understanding and coping with sexual difficulties symptoms. The postcoital dysphoria causes remain multifactorial.

Student Perception of the Social Value of Responsible Management

In responsible management, managerial efficiency and sustainable development meet and influence each other. In order to give meaning to their organisation, to respect and look after their collaborators, a manager must promote a set of values on a personal, organisational and societal level. The purpose of this paper is to study the social value attributed to responsible management by students of a technical university. We have therefore undertaken to study a set of seven values attributed to responsible management and, more precisely, their utility and social desirability on a personal, organisational and societal level. The values have been operationalized with personality descriptors. The 60 participants in this study are students from a Romanian technical university. They had to assess, on four scales of seven points each (two for desirability and two for social utility), the value of a person characterised by one of the seven values attributed to responsible management. The results show us that efficiency is the value perceived by the students as being the most desirable for responsible management, and that in terms of social utility, agility is the most appreciated value. We found that there is indeed an effect of the context in which these values are perceived. Efficiency, audacity, dedication and integrity are perceived as more useful at an organisational level, while solidarity was perceived as more useful on a societal level. At the organisational level we also found a gender effect, in the sense that women appreciate people who are efficient, have integrity or are humble more than men do.

Neoliberal İdeolojinin Çevresel Yüzü: Ekoliberalizm

1960'ların sonlarından itibaren çevre konusu ulusal ve uluslararası ölçekte önem kazanmıştır. Bu durum karşısında ülkelerin mevzuatlarında çevre konusu daha fazla önem ve yer bulurken, uluslararası platformda çevre konusu konferanslar ve hukuki metinler aracılığı ile giderek daha fazla gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. Tüm bu pratik gelişmelere koşut olarak siyasal ideolojilerin birçoğunda ekoloji alanına doğru bir kırılma meydana gelmiştir. Siyasal ideolojilerin hemen hemen hepsi hâkim ekonomik sistem olan kapitalizmi yaşanan çevre sorunlarının ana kaynağı olarak görüp, bu gelişmeler üzerinden liberalizm ve serbest piyasa ekonomisini eleştirirken, liberal ideologlar bu saldırılara karşı öncelikle teorik bir zemin hazırlama gereği hissetmişlerdir. Bu anlamda liberal ideolojinin tıpkı diğer ideolojiler gibi temel varsayımlarını ekoloji bilimine eklemleme çabaları neticesinde serbest piyasa çevreciliği (ekoliberalizm) ortaya çıkmıştır. Liberalizmin zaman içerisinde evrilerek eko-liberalizme dönüşümü belirli eksenler üzerinden olmuştur. Bu eksenler öncelikle içerisinde yeni birey tanımı da barındıran özgürlük, ekonomi ve doğa kavramlarıdır. Bu kapsamda makalenin birinci bölümünde ekoliberalizmin bu üç gelişme ekseni etrafında nasıl bir ideolojik çerçeve ve altyapı oluşturduğunu belirledikten sonra, ikinci bölümde ekoliberalizmin pratik yaşamda çevre sorunlarına hangi tür uygulama araçları ile müdahalede bulunduğu ortaya konmuş; bu araçların ne tür bir politik çerçeveye oturduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

ІДЕЇ ГУМАНІЗАЦІЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ У ПРАЦІ О. Ф. ЛАЗУРСЬКОГО «КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ОСОБИСТОСТЕЙ» (ДО 100-РІЧЧЯ ПЕРШОГО ВИДАННЯ ТВОРУ)

This article’s aim is to attract the attention of specialists to the conceptual work of O.F. Lazurski “Classification of Personalities”, its first edition having been appeared posthumously in 1921. This edition being the continuation of the O.F.Lazurki’s book “Assay on the Science of Characters” was completed and prepared for publication by his pupils, M.Ya.Basov and V.M.Miasishchev; it disappeared at once from the book market due to the greatest public interest forcing the scientists to take care for two next editions in 1923 and 1925. Our article underlines the “Classification of Personalities” to be written in an epoch known by radical social consciousness transformation induced by dramatic and tragic events due to military and political factors of global scale having been acted in 1914-1918. The World War I, events of the first Russian revolution having begun earlier, in 1905, gave to the researcher, being these events direct witness and entity, unique materials for scientific analysis and generalization. In his directives concerning any event, the scientist realized the necessity of social life reformation. Such a thesis formulates his principal task and aim having been developed under the influence of serious trials, both physical and psychical, appeared to the society of that time. The article gives more precise and supplemented biographical data concerning the development of this scientist as a psychologist; it presents also a significantly widened list of O.F. Lazurski’s papers and their bibliographic descriptions. In such a way, we have obtained a possibility to find the sequence and systematization of his researches as well as his ideas evolution and his principal theoretical approaches having become basic for creating of his own theoretical notions. The authors have used the data taken from the scientist’s epistolary inheritance permitting the reconstruction of socio-cultural conditions during his work and the understanding of this work influence on the formation of O.F. Lazurkin’s own priority tasks during his work. We have discussed separately the principle of personality active adaptation to the environment being the basis of O.F. Lazurkin’s personality classification. Such an approach concerning the psychology of each human personality permits to understand the existence of two important subdivisions: there are three subdivisions on psychic (mental) level and a lot of them according to their different types and varieties according for each person mental contents. During the scientist’s text research, we have ascertained the central conception of the O.F. Lazurski’s “Classification of Personalities” to be a holistic personality description according to principles of systematization and scientific reliability. We note the author’s critical approach in understanding and generalization of personality classification having been existed in his epoch as well as theoretical backgrounds of sign classification describing each person’s various manifestations. We have especially emphasized the priority of ideas concerning personality research humanization in O.F. Lazurski works aiming to show each individual unique properties. The personality classification developed by O.F. Lazurski takes into consideration both psycho-physiological and socio-cultural components of each personality type due to understanding of each human personality as a whole organism, both physiological and social, including all its numerous interrelations and manifestations.

Validation of a German Version of the Grief Cognitions Questionnaire and Establishment of a Short Form.

BackgroundWhereas the majority of bereaved persons recover from their grief without professional assistance, a minority develops pathological grief reactions. Etiological models postulate that dysfunctional cognitions may perpetuate such reactions. The Grief Cognitions Questionnaire (GCQ) assesses thoughts after bereavement in nine interrelated domains. A short form (GCQ-SF) with four domains is often used. However, an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the GCQ-SF and its utility compared to the GCQ is lacking and these instruments have not been validated in German.MethodGerman bereaved persons (time since loss 35.3 ± 34.6 months) responded to an online survey containing the GCQ, measures of grief severity, grief rumination, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and optimism and pessimism. 585 participants (18–78 years, 88% women) were included. Item analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Correlations between the GCQ and GCQ-SF and grief rumination, optimism and pessimism assessed construct validity. Criterion-related validity was assessed by comparing whether the correlation of the GCQ (and the GCQ-SF) with grief severity was higher than with anxious and depressive symptoms. Logistic regression and receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) compared the questionnaires on their ability to predict probable prolonged grief ‘caseness’ (ICG ≥ 25, time since loss ≥6 months).ResultsInternal consistencies for both questionnaires were identical and excellent (α = 0.96). Confirmatory factor analyses obtained a satisfactory fit for models with nine and four correlated subscales and respective higher-order factor models. The GCQ and the GCQ-SF correlated higher with grief severity than with other measures of psychopathology. The logistic regression showed a significant association between the GCQ-SF and prolonged grief ‘caseness’. Of the remaining subscales of the GCQ, only one subscale (‘Others’) contributed to the prediction. The ROC analyses showed nearly identical areas under the curve.ConclusionThe translated GCQ and GCQ-SF demonstrated very good psychometric properties. The correlations with grief severity highlight the questionnaires’ clinical relevance. The questionnaires possessed identical diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Whenever a timesaving assessment of the most typical grief-specific cognitions is important, the GCQ-SF represents an alternative to the GCQ. The original GCQ may still be superior when a more detailed description of a bereaved person’s cognitions is desirable.

Personality types revisited-a literature-informed and data-driven approach to an integration of prototypical and dimensional constructs of personality description.

A new algorithmic approach to personality prototyping based on Big Five traits was applied to a large representative and longitudinal German dataset (N = 22,820) including behavior, personality and health correlates. We applied three different clustering techniques, latent profile analysis, the k-means method and spectral clustering algorithms. The resulting cluster centers, i.e. the personality prototypes, were evaluated using a large number of internal and external validity criteria including health, locus of control, self-esteem, impulsivity, risk-taking and wellbeing. The best-fitting prototypical personality profiles were labeled according to their Euclidean distances to averaged personality type profiles identified in a review of previous studies on personality types. This procedure yielded a five-cluster solution: resilient, overcontroller, undercontroller, reserved and vulnerable-resilient. Reliability and construct validity could be confirmed. We discuss wether personality types could comprise a bridge between personality and clinical psychology as well as between developmental psychology and resilience research.

‘He was just your typical average guy’ Examining how person descriptions are elicited by frontline police officers

SummaryPerson descriptions often lack the level of detail necessary to assist in the apprehension of a perpetrator. To date, it is not clear how person descriptions are obtained by frontline police officers. Worldwide, many police forces now use body worn video (BWV), which provides a unique opportunity to examine how frontline police officers gather person descriptions from witnesses. We examined how person descriptions (N = 207) were elicited by frontline police officers, with a particular focus on the types of questions used. BWV of 81 interactions involving 45 frontline police officers and 141 witnesses were analysed. Person descriptions were obtained using inappropriate questions 50.54% of the time, with leading questions being the most commonly used (44.84%). Appropriate questions (i.e., open questions) led to more information being provided (cf. inappropriate questions), including more fine‐ and coarse‐grain details. Implications for the training of frontline police officers are discussed.

Physicians with self-diagnosed gadolinium deposition disease: a case series.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to allow physicians with self-diagnosed gadolinium deposition disease symptoms to report their own experience.Materials and MethodsNine physicians (seven females), with a mean age of 50.5 ± 8.3 years, participated in this case series. Nationalities were American (n = 6), British, Portuguese, and Romanian. Medical practices included internal medicine (n = 2), trauma surgery, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, family medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, and general practice.ResultsGenetically, eight of the physicians were of central European origin. Underlying autoimmune conditions were present in four. Symptoms developed after a single injection in one physician and after multiple injections in eight. The precipitating agent was gadobenate dimeglumine in four physicians, gadobutrol in three, gadoterate meglumine in one, and gadopentetate dimeglumine in one. The most consistent symptoms were a burning sensation, brain fog, fatigue, distal paresthesia, fasciculations, headache, and insomnia. Eight of the physicians were compelled to change their practice of medicine.ConclusionIn the various physicians, gadolinium deposition disease showed common features and had a substantial impact on daily activity. Physicians are educated reporters on disease, so their personal descriptions should spark interest in further research.

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ ЧУВСТВА СТРАДАНИЯ В ЛЕКСИКОНЕ ДИАЛЕКТНОЙ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ СИБИРСКОЙ КРЕСТЬЯНКИ

The article examines the semantic field “suffering” that represents a fragment of the emotional and sensual existence of a language personality. The linguopersonological research based on the material of the idiolectal vocabulary of Vera Vershinina, a Siberian old resident, continues the comprehensive description of a dialect language personality made by Tomsk dialectologists. The research sources are A Complete Dictionary of a Dialect Language Personality edited by E.V. Ivantsova, transcripts of the informant’s speech made through participation in the linguistic existence of the speaker. The article focuses on 52 lexical and phraseological units. The research aims to describe a fragment of an individual linguistic worldview representing suffering. The view on the research object develops in the following way: word – definition – examples represented in the dictionary – text – idiolectal discourse. At the first stage of the research, the lexical and phraseological units are divided into seven functional semantic classes (FSC) according to the categorial lexical seme uniting them. The researcher examines the numerical composition of each class, the linguistic features of its elements (presence of figurative units, features of the use of the examined words). The most developed is the FSC of emotional state, since suffering is perceived as a long and deep feeling caused by a certain reason, but infinite. Classes of emotional impact and receiving the emotional state characterize suffering as a feeling hurting physically, exhausting with its length and intensity. A large number of units with the semantics of weeping in the FSC of external expression of emotions can indicate that the informant replaces reflection with a detailed description of external manifestations of suffering. Classes of emotional characterization and attitude show the informant as a person deeply empathetic to the grief of others. The last FSC demonstrates that names of the feeling and the situation causing this feeling coexist in one unit, which is typical for representatives of the folk speech culture. At the second stage of the research, the author describes the most frequent situations associated with the actualization of the semantic field “suffering” in the informant’s speech. These situations include: disease or death; disability caused by an injury; difficult living conditions, etc. It corresponds to the core values of the traditional peasant culture: life and health of a person, wealth, stability of a family’s life. The material shows that, for the dialect speaker, suffering is one of the dominants of reality, a constant of everyday life fully accepted by the speaker. However, the informant does not ignore other people in her grief, she is empathetic towards their life because of such personal qualities as optimism and spiritual power.

Effective Geometric Hashing of the Feature Hyperspace for a Quick Accurate Search of the Most Similar Descriptors in Large Datasets

The algorithm of effective geometric hashing of the facial feature hyperspace for the accelerated search of the most similar face descriptors by their cosine similarity is described in the present study. The algorithm includes 6 required stages of processing descriptors extracted by a neural network from face images. The first stage is filtration of the descriptor database by selecting the most representative descriptor for each person from the set of descriptors corresponding to his/her different face images. The second stage is evaluation of a number of statistical values for all the components of the selected descriptors. The third stage is intermediate hashing through quantization of every descriptor component value so that almost the same quantity of descriptors corresponds to any quantum number. The fourth stage is statistical processing of the descriptor database to determine the most discriminative descriptor key components and their hierarchy. The fifth stage is calculation of the descriptor hash code for every most representative descriptor from the considered database. The sixth final stage is a special cataloging of data in the form of a multi-tiered directory ordered by the hash codes. The search acceleration is achieved through sparse processing of the whole directory when the hash code obtained for the requested person descriptor acts as a very selective search filter. The developed algorithm always provides the same absolute accuracy as the brute-force search. Through the example of the LFW dataset consideration, the average search acceleration by about 100 times is achieved under conditions that the descriptors have been extracted by a neural network trained on the WiderFace dataset with application of the additive angular margin loss function.

Learning Aligned Image-Text Representations Using Graph Attentive Relational Network

Image-text matching aims to measure the similarities between images and textual descriptions, which has made great progress recently. The key to this cross-modal matching task is to build the latent semantic alignment between visual objects and words. Due to the widespread variations of sentence structures, it is very difficult to learn the latent semantic alignment using only global cross-modal features. Many previous methods attempt to learn the aligned image-text representations by the attention mechanism but generally ignore the relationships within textual descriptions which determine whether the words belong to the same visual object. In this paper, we propose a graph attentive relational network (GARN) to learn the aligned image-text representations by modeling the relationships between noun phrases in a text for the identity-aware image-text matching. In the GARN, we first decompose images and texts into regions and noun phrases, respectively. Then a skip graph neural network (skip-GNN) is proposed to learn effective textual representations which are a mixture of textual features and relational features. Finally, a graph attention network is further proposed to obtain the probabilities that the noun phrases belong to the image regions by modeling the relationships between noun phrases. We perform extensive experiments on the CUHK Person Description dataset (CUHK-PEDES), Caltech-UCSD Birds dataset (CUB), Oxford-102 Flowers dataset and Flickr30K dataset to verify the effectiveness of each component in our model. Experimental results show that our approach achieves the state-of-the-art results on these four benchmark datasets.