ІДЕЇ ГУМАНІЗАЦІЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ У ПРАЦІ О. Ф. ЛАЗУРСЬКОГО «КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ОСОБИСТОСТЕЙ» (ДО 100-РІЧЧЯ ПЕРШОГО ВИДАННЯ ТВОРУ)

Abstract

This article’s aim is to attract the attention of specialists to the conceptual work of O.F. Lazurski “Classification of Personalities”, its first edition having been appeared posthumously in 1921. This edition being the continuation of the O.F.Lazurki’s book “Assay on the Science of Characters” was completed and prepared for publication by his pupils, M.Ya.Basov and V.M.Miasishchev; it disappeared at once from the book market due to the greatest public interest forcing the scientists to take care for two next editions in 1923 and 1925. Our article underlines the “Classification of Personalities” to be written in an epoch known by radical social consciousness transformation induced by dramatic and tragic events due to military and political factors of global scale having been acted in 1914-1918. The World War I, events of the first Russian revolution having begun earlier, in 1905, gave to the researcher, being these events direct witness and entity, unique materials for scientific analysis and generalization. In his directives concerning any event, the scientist realized the necessity of social life reformation. Such a thesis formulates his principal task and aim having been developed under the influence of serious trials, both physical and psychical, appeared to the society of that time. The article gives more precise and supplemented biographical data concerning the development of this scientist as a psychologist; it presents also a significantly widened list of O.F. Lazurski’s papers and their bibliographic descriptions. In such a way, we have obtained a possibility to find the sequence and systematization of his researches as well as his ideas evolution and his principal theoretical approaches having become basic for creating of his own theoretical notions. The authors have used the data taken from the scientist’s epistolary inheritance permitting the reconstruction of socio-cultural conditions during his work and the understanding of this work influence on the formation of O.F. Lazurkin’s own priority tasks during his work. We have discussed separately the principle of personality active adaptation to the environment being the basis of O.F. Lazurkin’s personality classification. Such an approach concerning the psychology of each human personality permits to understand the existence of two important subdivisions: there are three subdivisions on psychic (mental) level and a lot of them according to their different types and varieties according for each person mental contents. During the scientist’s text research, we have ascertained the central conception of the O.F. Lazurski’s “Classification of Personalities” to be a holistic personality description according to principles of systematization and scientific reliability. We note the author’s critical approach in understanding and generalization of personality classification having been existed in his epoch as well as theoretical backgrounds of sign classification describing each person’s various manifestations. We have especially emphasized the priority of ideas concerning personality research humanization in O.F. Lazurski works aiming to show each individual unique properties. The personality classification developed by O.F. Lazurski takes into consideration both psycho-physiological and socio-cultural components of each personality type due to understanding of each human personality as a whole organism, both physiological and social, including all its numerous interrelations and manifestations.