Description Of Workload Research Articles

Pengaruh Kompensasi, Beban Kerja, dan Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Panca Boga Paramita Cabang TSM Kota Bandung

This research aims to understand the description of employee performance, compensation, workload, and work stress and analyze the influence of compensation, workload, and work stress on employee performance at PT Panca Boga Paramita, TSM Bandung City Branch. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive and verification approach. Sampling was carried out using total or saturated sampling (census) involving all 30 PT Panca Boga Paramita, TSM Bandung City Branch employees. Data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used include multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, and coefficient of determination analysis. Descriptive analysis shows that employee performance at PT Panca Boga Paramita TSM Bandung Branch scores 784 in the poor category. Compensation has a score of 524 in the excellent category. Workload has a total score of 763 in the high category. Work stress has a total score of 1020 in the medium category. This research shows that compensation affects employee performance, with a correlation value of 0.690. Workload influences employee performance with a correlation value of 0.662. Work stress influences employee performance with a correlation value of 0.689. Simultaneously, compensation, workload, and work stress influence employee performance, according to the results of the simultaneous correlation test, which shows a value of 0.783 with an influence contribution of 64.2%.

GAMBARAN BEBAN KERJA MENTAL DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA DRIVER OJEK ONLINE DI KOTA MEDAN

Online motorcycle taxis are one of the public transportations that are currently being used more and more because they are considered effective, besides that online motorcycle taxi drivers must always be ready under any circumstances and conditions to deliver and serve consumers so that it can cause work stress both physically and psychologically (mentally). A high workload will affect the performance and productivity of online motorcycle taxis, many factors cause the high mental workload experienced by online motorcycle taxis. The purpose of this study is to describe the mental workload of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Medan City. This research is a type of descriptive research using a qualitative approach in the form of a interviews. The sample was taken, namely some online motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Medan. The results of the study show an overview of the workload and work productivity of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Medan City which is relatively low with increasing employee productivity. It was concluded that the description of Workload with Work Productivity on Gojek Online Drivers in Medan City is relatively low so that it supports increasing work productivity for online Gojek drivers because of the motivation from the family for drivers to continue to be enthusiastic at work.c

A generic multi-scale framework for microscopic traffic simulation part II – Anticipation Reliance as compensation mechanism for potential task overload

Abstract The inclusion of human factors (HF) in mathematical models is proving crucial to allow complex driving behaviour and interactions to be explicitly considered to capture driving phenomena. An important area where such integration is required is for the role of anticipation by drivers to compensate for critical traffic situations. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Anticipation Reliance (AR), which acts as a demand lowering compensative effect for the driving task by relying more on anticipation. We implement AR in a generic multi-scale microscopic traffic modelling and simulation framework to explore and explain the effects of HF on traffic operations and safety in critical traffic situations. This concept addresses a disparity in the description of driver workload in relation to the execution of driving tasks in regard to the confidence that drivers place on tasks that are sub-consciously catered for. The crossover from HF to a mathematical description of this role of AR introduces a ground-breaking concept that explains and models the mechanisms that allow drivers to compensate and avoid accidents in many circumstances, even when driving errors or sub-optimal driving performance occurs. By and large, the HF effects can be subdivided in effects on perception and anticipation; effects on sensitivity and response to stimuli; and effects on personal attributes and characteristics. A key aspect of the framework are two intertwined driver-specific mental state variables—total workload and awareness—that bridge between classic collision-free idealized models for lane changing and car following, and HF models that explain under which conditions the performance of drivers deteriorates in terms of reaction time, sensitivity to stimuli or other parameters. In this paper, we focus on the awareness construct, as described by AR, and explore the effects. We prove the effectiveness of the approach with a case example that demonstrates the ability of the model to dissect a complex traffic situation with both longitudinal and lateral driving tasks, while endogenously considering human factors and that produces accident avoidance and occurrence within the same order of magnitude compared to real traffic accident statistics.

Overview Of Nurse's Workload In The Emergency Room Of The Undata Hospital, Central Sulawesi Province

In Undata hospitals there are 31 nurses in the emergency room. This is not comparable to the number of emergency room visits in the last three years, which increased from 2016 as much 13,571 people, 2017 increased by 14,508 people, and 2018 sending 15,597 people. Whereas the average number of patient visits each day is 60 patients. Based on the calculation formula according to Gillies (1994) in Idris (2017), the emergency room requires 36 nurses. While nurses in the emergency room Undata Hospital only amounted to 31 people. This study aims to look at the description of the workload of nurses in the Emergency Room Installation (IGD) Undata Hospital of Central Sulawesi Province. This type of research uses quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The research sample of 31 respondents with inclusion criteria nurses who work in the emergency room and nurses who are not in a state of work and education leave. The results showed that direct nursing activities, namely respondents stated weight as much as 31 people (100%), and indirect nursing activities, namely respondents stated weight as much as 31 people (100%). Hospital management should pay attention to the nurses workload again, by increasing the number of nurses in the emergency room, referring to the Republic of Indonesia Ministerial Regulation No. 340 article 11 of 2010, type B hospital care ratio that is 1 nurse serving 1 patient and evaluating performance nursing regularly to improve the quality of nursing care.
 

A real-time measurement of general practice workload in the Republic of Ireland: a prospective study.

BackgroundDemand for GP services in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) is increasing, and the resultant escalation in workload demands is an issue of growing concern. Accordingly, the accurate measurement and description of GP workload is essential to inform future healthcare planning.AimTo provide a real-time measurement of GP workload with respect to hours worked and of proportional time expenditure on typical workload activities.Design and settingA prospective study among GPs in the RoI that took place from January 2019 to March 2019.MethodParticipants were invited to enrol in the study by direct email invitation and via notifications posted within GP-specific monthly journals; online forums; and a social media platform. Participants used a time-management software program to self-record workload activity in real time over 6 weeks.ResultsIn total, 123 GPs were included for final analyses with a total of 8930 hours of activity recorded. The mean duration of a two-session day (excluding break-time) was 9.9 hours (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.7 to 10.0; interquartile range [IQR] 7.9 to 13.9). Of this time, 64% was spent on clinical consultations. In total, 25.4% of activity was recorded outside the hours of 9.00 am and 5.00 pm. An average of 12.4 face-to-face consultations were completed per session of activity. The mean duration of a 10-session week was greatest for the partner (50.8 hours; 95% CI = 49.8 to 51.9) and >55-year-old (50.8 hours; 95% CI = 49.3 to 52.2) demographics, relative to their respective colleagues.ConclusionTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to provide an objective, accurate, and granular real-time measurement of GP workload in the RoI, demonstrating the significant volume and variety of work undertaken by GPs in the RoI.

Response time distribution of flash memory accesses

Flash memory is becoming an increasingly important storage component among non-volatile storage devices. Its cost is decreasing dramatically and its performance continues to improve, which makes it a serious competitor for disks and a candidate for enterprise-tier storage devices of the future. Consequently, it is important to devise models and tools to analyse its behaviour and to evaluate its effects on a system's performance. We propose a Markov modulated fluid model with priority classes to investigate the response time characteristics of Flash memory accesses. This model can represent well the Flash access operation types, respecting the erase/write/read relative priorities and autocorrelations. We apply the model to estimate response time densities at the chip for an OLTP-type of workload and indicate the magnitude of the penalty suffered by writes under priority scheduling of read operations. The model is validated against a customised hardware simulator that uses input-traces typical of our Markovian workload description.

Evil twins

Traditional high performance computing systems require extensive management and suffer from security and configuration problems. This paper presents two generations of a cluster-management system that aims at making clusters as secure and self-managing as possible. The goal of the system is minimality: All nodes in a cluster are configured with a minimal software base consisting of a virtual machine monitor and a remote bootstrapping mechanism, and customers then buy access using a simple pre-paid token scheme. All necessary application software, including the operating system, is provided by the customer as a full virtual machine, and boot-strapped or migrated into the cluster. We have explored two different models for cluster control. The first, a decentralized push model ("Evil Man" 1 ), requires direct network access to cluster nodes, each of which is running a truly minimal control plane implementation consisting of only a few hundred lines of C code. In the second, a centralized pull model ("Evil Twin"), nodes may be running behind NATs or firewalls, and are controlled by a centralized web service. A specially developed cache invalidation protocol is used for telling nodes when to reload their workload description from the centralized service.

Factors associated with back pain in nursing staff: A survey in Athens, Greece

Vasiliadou A, Karvountzis G, Roumeliotis D, Soumilas A, Plati C & Nomikos I. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 15–20 Factors associated with back pain in nursing staff: A survey in Athens, Greece Factors associated with self-reported back pain were investigated using questionnaire data on 407 female nurses from a large hospital in Athens, Greece. Factor analysis was used to construct indices of pain and its impact on normal life, and also to summarize work load descriptions. Pain factors were examined in relation to work load and personal characteristics by logistic regression. Statistically significant items, in relation both to pain and impact, were the existence of previous back injury, self-reported headaches and the ‘carrying and lifting’ factor of work load which principally included moving equipment. Age, height and weight were not associated with back pain. Compared to a similar study by Harber and colleagues in California, United States of Amercia, the factors associated with back pain were quite similar in this study even though the prevalence of back pain was much higher among Greek nurses and their work load was physically much more demanding.

Factors associated with back pain in nursing staff: A survey in Athens, Greece

Factors associated with self-reported back pain were investigated using questionnaire data on 407 female nurses from a large hospital in Athens, Greece. Factor analysis was used to construct indices of pain and its impact on normal life, and also to summarize work load descriptions. Pain factors were examined in relation to work load and personal characteristics by logistic regression. Statistically significant items, in relation both to pain and impact, were the existence of previous back injury, self-reported headaches and the 'carrying and lifting' factor of work load which principally included moving equipment. Age, height and weight were not associated with back pain. Compared to a similar study by Harber and colleagues in California, United States of America, the factors associated with back pain were quite similar in this study even though the prevalence of back pain was much higher among Greek nurses and their work load was physically much more demanding.

An objective methodology for task analysis and workload assessment in anesthesia providers.

Administering anesthesia is a complex task in which either human or equipment failure can have disastrous consequences. An improved understanding of the nature of the anesthesiologist's job could provide a more rational basis for improvements in provider training as well as the design of anesthesia equipment. The objective of this study was to develop a set of techniques to evaluate anesthesiologist performance and to determine what information could be obtained from performing real-time task assessment and workload analysis tests in the operating room. The methodology used included time-motion analysis, secondary task probing, and subjective workload assessment. The time-motion data was subjected to subsequent analysis to generate quantitative measures such as task duration (time spent focused on an individual task) and task density (the number of tasks initiated per minute). The latency of response to a "vigilance light" was used as a secondary task probe. Finally, both the observer and the subjects themselves scored workload at 10-15-min intervals throughout the case. Two groups of anesthesia providers performing general endotracheal anesthesia for simple ambulatory surgical cases (1-4 h duration) were examined using this methodology. In the first group, 3rd-yr anesthesia residents and experienced certified registered nurse anesthetists (n = 11) performed cases under limited supervision by an attending anesthesiologist. In the second group, novice residents in their first 8 weeks of training (n = 11) performed similar cases under nearly constant attending supervision. The two groups seemed to manifest different patterns of task behavior, task density, subjective workload, and latency of response to the vigilance task. Response latency to the vigilance task increased at times of increased workload (e.g., during induction of anesthesia). The experienced (less supervised) providers spent significant amounts of time observing the monitors and the surgical field, whereas the novice subjects spent more time conversing with the supervising attending. Despite performing fewer tasks per minute (lower task densities), the novice subjects exhibited longer latencies of response to the vigilance light and increased subjective workload. Novice subjects also had longer task duration values. For example, postintubation, novices focused on their monitors for an average of twice as long as did experienced subjects (13 +/- 2 vs. 7 +/- 1 s) before moving on to another task. These techniques permitted an objective description of task characteristics, workload, and vigilance in anesthesia personnel under actual work conditions. This methodology could aid in understanding the factors that affect anesthesiologists' performance and may prove useful in assessing the progress of training.

The influence of different workload descriptions on a heuristic load balancing scheme

A task scheduler based on the concept of a stochastic learning automation, implemented on a network of Unix workstations, is described. Creating an artificial, executable workload, a number of experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different workload descriptions. These workload descriptions characterize the load at one host and determine whether a newly created task is to be executed locally or remotely. Six one-dimensional workload descriptors are examined. Two workload descriptions that are more complex are also considered. It is shown that the best single workload descriptor is the number of tasks in the run queue. The use of the worst workload descriptor, the 1-min load average, resulted in an increase of the mean response time of over 32%, compared to the best descriptor. The two best workload descriptors, the number of tasks in the run queue and the system call rate, are combined to measure a host's load. Experimental results indicate that no performance improvements over the scheduler versions using a one-dimensional workload descriptor can be obtained. >

Performance evaluation package for UNIX III systems

In this paper we will present a performance evaluation package for the remote analysis of small systems running under UNIX system III. With this package an external performance analyst can help the owners of small business machines to analyze the workload and locate the bottleneck causing performance complains. The package consists of a measurement tool along with bottleneck analysis and modeling tools. The measurement tool, located on a floppy disk, is sent to the owner of a computer system. The customer then only has to load the floppy disk and after the measurement period has elapsed, send it back for further analysis. The software monitor has a low overhead and collects data for any real workload. The data collected can be processed by tools for analysing the workload and determining the performance indices of the system. Special interval analysis can be performed in order to obtain detailed information about peak hours. The input parameters for a computer model can be automatically extracted from the measurement data and a workload description. The computer model used is solved by an approximate multiples class MVA algorithm. Problems which arise when the parameters of a special type of workload class, characterized by thinktime within a non-completed process, are solved by introducing an extra step in the model. Such workload classes consist mainly of processes that wait for terminal input such as editors and data entry applications. The model has been successfully applied in a number of situations using a real workload. The accuracy of the computed performance indices are within 10 percent. This modeling tool moreover has a user-friendly approach to answering questions concerning changes in computer configuration and/or workload.

Transformation between different levels of workload characterization for capacity planning: fundamentals and case study

Queueing network models are effective tools for capacity planning of computer systems. The base of all performance oriented questions is the characterization of the computer system workload. At the capacity planning level the workload is described in user-oriented terms. At the system level the queueing network model requires input parameters, which differ from the workload description at the capacity planning level. In this paper a general procedure to transform the parameters between these two levels is presented and applied to a case study. The effect on system performance of an increase in the use of an existing application system is analysed.

A Hierarchical Modeling System for computer networks

This paper describes the Hierarchical Modeling System (HMS). HMS is a tool - a unified and expandable system - which supports the development of analytic and simulator models of computer networks. The same system and workload descriptions can be interpreted as analytic queueing models with optimization techniques or as discrete event simulation models. The rationale behind the development of HMS is that high level analyses incorporating analytic techniques may be used in the early design phase for networks when many options are considered while detailed simulation studies of fewer design alternatives are appropriate during the later stages.

An Analytic Model of the VM/370 System

This paper describes an analytic model of an interactive multiprogrammed computer system. The model accepts a multiple-user-class, transaction-oriented workload description and a system configuration description, and it produces predictions of resource utilizations, transaction rates, and average transaction response times. The solution method involves nearly complete decomposition, with a closed queuing network representing the multiprogrammed set. Asymptotic formulas are used to generate good initial guesses for an overall iterative scheme. Extensive validation results are presented.