Description Of Terminology Research Articles

Review and Therapeutic Approach to Malalignment of the Great Toenails: A Common Condition That Is Uncommonly Diagnosed.

Malalignment of the great toenails is a common nail disorder that is uncommonly recognized in general practice. Review available literature on lateral malalignment of the great toenails to increase awareness of this underdiagnosed condition and provide management recommendations. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms "congenital malalignment toenail" and "malalignment great toenail". All articles were reviewed, and all relevant articles were included in this analysis. Thirty-four distinct articles encompassing 117 patients with similar clinical findings: lateral deviation of the great toenails with yellow brown dyschromia, thickening, and scalloping. Description of malalignment and terminology can vary, which may have led to exclusion of some relevant articles. Lateral malalignment is a common nail condition that is underappreciated and often misdiagnosed in general dermatologic and medical practice. This review aims to increase awareness to facilitate better care of these patients.

Old Norse Heimr ʻWorldʼ and its Toponymic Derivatives in the Poetic Edda

The article examines the mythopoetic concept of the ‘world’ (Old Norse heimr) and its derivatives — toponyms with the suffix -heimr in the Poetic Edda. It involves a thorough analysis of their meanings and their significance in the Eddic mythopoetic framework. The methodology for studying this lexical unit and its derivatives is based on a thesaurus description of folk terminology, alongside an exploration of polysemy within epic texts and lexicological investigations of key concepts in the Rigveda. Employing an integrated approach, the analysis considers various factors such as statistical distribution, grammatical case paradigms, syntactical functions of predicates, etymology to understand semantic motivations, mythology to reveal connections to mythological elements, poetic devices like alliteration and repetitions, and the relationship between linguistic signs and referents in the extralinguistic world. The predominance of singular forms (28) over plural forms (8) suggests two significant points: the existence of multiple worlds in the Eddic mythopoetic model initially, and an evolutionary progression from a collection of similar objects towards a unified whole. This semantic evolution is exemplified by the transition from ‘dwellings of giants’ (plural iǫtna heimar) to ‘Dwelling of giants’ = ‘World of Giants’ (singular Iǫtun-heimr). The Old Norse term heimr is associated with the universal world model depicted as a world tree (nine worlds = nine roots of Iggdrasill in Völuspá). It contributes to the construction of the Eddic chronotope in which the world tree, along with its roots (representing worlds), is described as located “under the earth,” signifying its origin. It also demonstrates temporalization, being linked with the temporal concept of age (Old Norse ƍld) and exhibits anthropocentric orientation.

Trilingual comparative analysis of multi-word terms in karstology: English, French and Croatian

This paper describes the comparative analysis of terms used in karstology in English, French and Croatian. Using the corpus method, co-occurrences of key terms are extracted in order to determine the degree of cross-linguistic equivalence as well as the distribution of certain distinctive features. The results are interpreted with regard to physical-geographical and cultural factors. Unlike a normative terminological description that prescribes exact terminology, this socio-terminological research is primarily descriptive with the aim of understanding the way in which specialized knowledge is structured.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CLOUD WATER INTERCEPTION

Cloud water interception (CWI) occurs when water contained in fog and wind-driven rain collides with vegetation, merges into larger droplets, and precipitates to the ground. CWI has an important function as an additional source of water and its relationships with tropical cloud forests have often been emphasized. Despite its importance, there is no standardization of measurement methods, nor of the terms that designate the process in Portuguese. Therefore, a systematic analysis of research on CWI is necessary. To this end, the present study carried out a review of the theoretical and methodological aspects of CWI through description and analysis of terminology; history and chronology of studies on the topic; survey of the environmental conditions necessary for the CWI process to occur; analysis of methodological aspects relating to the measurement of CWI; and synthesis and discussion of magnitudes described in scientific literature. As a result, of the 31 publications reviewed, 14 different words were found, the most common being “Cloud Water Interception” (19.4%) and “Fog Drip” (16.1%). In general, CWI is more common in places such as continental edges and islands that are constantly subject to sea breezes. In most cases, the below-canopy measurement approach can be considered more accurate than those obtained by fog collectors. CWI is on average responsible for 42% of effective precipitation (n:41). The values listed show a large variation, between 0.5% and 462%, probably due to the different environmental characteristics of the sampled locations as well as variations in sample sizes.

A survey of machine learning based techniques for hate speech detection on Twitter

The use of the Internet and social networks for communication has significantly increased in recent years. Twitter is the third most popular worldwide Online Social Network (OSN), only after Facebook and Instagram. Compared to other OSNs, Twitter presents a simpler data model and more straightforward data access API, making it a valuable tool for studying and analyzing online behavior, including abusive patterns. This survey attempts to create a machine learning-based guide for automatic hate speech classification, including a description of Twitter's technology and terminology, social graphs, sentiment analysis concepts, and hate speech identification. This study also adopted a systematic literature review on the most advanced computing techniques involved with the subject, focusing on state-of-the-art machine learning and research directions.

Modernisasi dan Pembaharuan; Analisis Epistemologi Ilmu Islam Klasik dan Kontemporer

Through Hassan Hanafi's theological and intellectual reconstruction, this study analyzes the projection of Islamic renewal. He recognized the necessity to recreate classical theology, which was thought to be weakly practical and overly abstract in its description of theological terminology. The author serves as the primary instrument, analyzes the numerous phenomena discovered, and uses Hanafi's writings as source material for the analysis. So that the author may distinguish between empirical reality and focus, elaborate on the empirical reality behind the phenomena, and provide a methodical and factual account of the information regarding the thing to be researched. Some of the results of the analysis found include (1) Hanafi tries to bridge the discourse on classical Islamic sciences which is responsive to the problems of Muslims today. (2) He describes a future civilization that will face a variety of difficulties that the Muslim generation will need to prepare for with useful classical studies. (3) To combat the backwardness of society, which is reflected in progress and enlightened thought, Hanafi cultivates critical thinking. It also builds the capacity to reconstruct reality from negative to positive aspects and to take advantage of current changes for the social benefit of Muslims. (4) Developing classical sciences as an attraction and support in an effort to build a generation that is religious and able to become agents of change in the future.

Nanocellulose-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Biocomposites with Shape Memory Effect

In 2020, we published a review on the study of semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers and composites based on the shape memory effect. The shape recovery ability of such polymers is determined by their sensitivity to temperature, moisture, and magnetic or electric fields, which in turn are dependent on the chemical properties and composition of the matrix and the nanofiller. Nanocellulose is a type of nanomaterial with high strength, high specific surface area and high surface energy. Additionally, it is nontoxic, biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and can be extracted from biomass resources. Thanks to these properties, nanocellulose can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer matrices with shape memory effect and as a switching element of shape memory. This review discusses the methods for producing and properties of nanocellulose-based thermo-, moisture-, and pH-sensitive polyurethane composites. The synergistic effect of nanocellulose and carbon nanofillers and possible applications of nanocellulose-based thermoplastic polyurethane biocomposites with shape memory effect are discussed. A brief description of nanocellulose terminology is also given, along with the structure of shape memory thermoplastic polyurethanes. There is significant interest in such materials for three primary reasons: the possibility of creating a new generation of biomaterials, improving the environmental friendliness of existing materials, and exploiting the natural renewability of cellulose sources.

From “three doors” to “one revolving door”

Abstract The Theory of Doors (Cabré 2003) has been well established in the academia of terminology worldwide. Many follow-up terminology studies draw on the analytical framework of this theory, namely the linguistic, cognitive, and communicative dimensions of a terminological unit. This theory provides a comprehensive approach to the observation of terminology, which helps with the better understanding and description of terminology in real use. With this paradigm, a terminological unit can be investigated from any of the three dimensions, or “three doors”. However, the interrelationships among the three dimensions have not been further elaborated, which may fail to account for the complexity of actual terminology use, in cross-lingual settings particularly. The authors of the present study aim for an extension of the theory to cope with the research on cross-lingual and cross-cultural terminology use by focusing on the concept of “domestic violence” in the English and Chinese languages and cultures. To extend the Theory of Doors, the interrelatedness of the three descriptive dimensions is demonstrated based on a new metaphorical image of “a revolving door”, and more precisely a “three-wing revolving door”.

Проблемы допроса потерпевших и свидетелей по делам о ятрогенных преступлениях

The investigation of iatrogenic crimes is markedly complex due to the ambiguity of the rules governing medical treatment. The specific nature of victims and medical witnesses necessitates a systematic review of numerous tactical provisions. The personal characteristics of victims and witnesses are examined, the subject of their interrogation is determined, and the documents presented during the interrogation are also considered. The difficulty of assessing the investigative situation prior to and during the interrogation is highlighted. It is suggested that the question of the victim's condition prior to the relevant medical treatment be included in the content of the interrogation of the persons concerned. Existing classifications of witnesses are assessed and necessary clarification is made as regards their division into stable and unstable. The problem of the language style of communication between the investigator and the interrogated persons, first and foremost the witnesses with medical knowledge, is examined. Its essence is that besides an aspect of an establishment and maintenance of the psychological contact with the interrogator, reached by the understandable for the named person terminological content of dialogue, there is an searching-cognitive aspect of the special terminology, which is objectively difficult to avoid due to the character of clear circumstances, mediating the sphere of the medical aid. From the point of view of the predictive function of this study, a way of solving this problem is outlined. In the authors' opinion, it consists in conjunction of functional manifestation of identity of an investigator with the subject-terminological discourse, defined in the most general form of a criminological characteristic of the investigated crime (groups of crimes), each element of which more or less has its own terminological description. When preparing to question witnesses and victims, it is suggested that so-called duplicate questions be formulated which would preserve the specifics of the subject matter of the case as reflected in the interrogation report and at the same time contain the necessary clarifications of the relevant testimony. The views on the types of criminal violations of medical treatment activity are evaluated. The conclusion is made that deontological violations, manifested in the deviation from medical ethics, cannot be considered a criminal violation of medical treatment activities, as they are not included in the mechanism of crime as an element of the criminological characteristics of the crimes under consideration. For the same reason, omissions in the completion of medical records, manifested in obscure, inaccurate entries should not be included in the number of criminal violations of the rules of medical and therapeutic activity. The possibility of building algorithms for the investigation of iatrogenic crimes depending on the type of criminal violation of the rules of medical practice is pointed out. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

Терминологический базис в предметной области клинического знания

We did the terminological description of the general concept of specific field of knowledge – the science of nutrition, interrelated concepts by types, situations, categorical signs in dietetics. Key words: medical terminology, nutrition science, dietetics, diet, alimentary factor, replaceable nutritional factor, irreplaceable nutritional factor

System approaches to childhood obesity prevention: ground up experience of adaptation and real-world context.

Childhood obesity prevention is critical to reducing the health and economic burden currently experienced by the Australian economy. System science has emerged as an approach to manage the complexity of childhood obesity and the ever-changing risk factors, resources and priorities of government and funders. Anecdotally, our experience suggests that inflexibility of traditional research methods and dense academic terminology created issues with those working in prevention practice. Therefore, this paper provides a refined description of research-specific terminology of scale-up, fidelity, adaptation and context, drawing from community-based system dynamics and our experience in designing, implementing and evaluating non-linear, community-led system approaches to childhood obesity prevention. We acknowledge the importance of using a practice lens, rather than purely a research design lens, and provide a narrative on our experience and perspectives on scale-up, fidelity, context and adaptation through a practice lens. Communities. Practice-based researcher experience and perspectives. Practice-based researchers highlighted the key finding that community should be placed at the centre of the intervention logic. This allowed communities to self-organise with regard to stakeholder involvement, capacity, boundary identification, and co-creation of actions implemented to address childhood obesity will ensure scale-up, fidelity, context and adaptation are embedded. We need to measure beyond primary anthropometric outcomes and focus on evaluating more about implementation, process and sustainability. We need to learn more from practitioners on the ground and use an implementation science lens to further understand how actions work. This is where solutions to sustained childhood obesity prevention will be found.

Terminological Thesaurus of the Gospel Text by F. M. Dostoevsky

The article deals with the relevant problem of terminological description of Dostoevsky’s “gospel text,” which is based on the thesaurus as the basic lexicon of scientific language. Accordingly, the purpose and objectives of the article are to explicate the terminological thesaurus of the “gospel text,” which functions in Dostoevsky-related research and contains the key concepts of general (theoretical) poetics, historical poetics, ethnopoetics, theology and philosophy. A thesaurus approach is implemented in the study of this terminology, integrating “machine analysis” and “human interpretation” of the source data. The presented terminological dictionary is quite representational of the current state of Dostoevsky’s gospel text studies. The visual results of its digital processing clearly show the trend towards the joint use of poetological, theological and philosophical categories. It is therefore concluded that the analysis of the terminological thesaurus is productive in assessing the integrity of the metalanguage of Dostoevsky’s gospel text studies, a language that in its current state is characterized by great interdiscursivity.

The Formation of Polycode Text Theory

This review article is devoted to the theory of polycode texts that are represented as a combination of verbal and non-verbal components. This unity is supported by the meaning, structure and function, under which we mean the focus on solving a single communicative task. A polycode text includes signs of various semiotic systems, for example, colour and kinesics. A number of synonymous terminological descriptions of this phenomenon - creolized text, polycode text, polysemiotic text, semiotically enriched test - indicates that we are currently witnessing the formation of the theory of polycode texts. Theoretical and terminological understanding of the object of our description occurs in such directions as the analysis of the components of polycode text and their correlation, description of methods and prospects for the study of polycode texts. The pragmatics of a polycode text, with a brief overview of the most notable works of Russian linguists, is considered in such main areas of its implementation as humorous polycode text and polycode text in cinematography. The most studied phenomenon in this direction is the description of the polycode text of advertising of various types. New directions of analysis are the description of the functioning of the polycode text in political linguistics and Internet communication. It is important to note the increase in the number of works that investigate the use of polycode text in school teaching and in teaching foreign languages. A new area of study of polycode text is its description as a reflection of the national linguistic picture of the world. This review is based on academic works, which are fundamental in this area of research, and also includes articles published in scientific journals in Russia over the past five years.

Terminological description of extremism in international acts and national criminal laws

Based on a meaningful analysis of international legal act provisions and criminal legislation of foreign states, the article presents the approaches to the terminological characterization of the concept of "extremism" and its legislative regulation. The conclusion is made about the lack of a united strategy to the definition of the studied theory, which complicates international relations and collaboration in the realm of countering extremist crimes. A comparative analysis of the legislative regulation of extremist crimes in foreign countries allows us to identify common features and trends in the development of legal responsibility for extremism in foreign countries, to establish differences in the legal regulation of this problem, and to develop approaches to the unification of this concept at the level of international legislation.

Categorisation frameworks in Termontography

The content of a terminology base should be determined by the purpose(s) for which it will be used as well as the profile(s) of its potential users. In this view, each terminological project first re quires defining what will be considered a term. In this article, we reflect on how – in the Termontography approach – requirements for multilingual terminology bases can be translated into frameworks of interrelated categories. These frameworks are templates for the extraction of terms and knowledge rich contexts from texts and will gradually evolve towards enriched and more fine-grained networks of semantic relations as the knowledge elicited from these texts is mapped to it. The implications of categorisation frameworks for methods in multilingual terminology description will be illustrated by frameworks set up in the FF POIROT and OMTOFIR research projects.

Revisiting Term Studies in Modern Poly-Cultural and Poly-Lingual Contexts: Methadological Approach

The analysis of the issues in term studies showcases that the scholars’ attempts to come to the unified approach to the definition of the term has not been successful yet. No longer is the academic world seen as numbers of regional scientific schools across geographies. On the contrary, globalisation has significantly affected academia and the respective product of science. The subject matter of the research links to poly-culturalism and poly-lingual communication in the contemporary world of science. It aims at the description of monomial and polynomial – proposed substitutes for set (irreversible) term expressions in languages for specific purposes when digitized. It is suggested that an interdisciplinary dialogue between linguistics in Saussure’s concept and philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and computer science would ultimately make the world catch up with ICT in the digital era. Robotics, automation of processes are soon to absorb vast domains of specialized knowledge. As formal and logical treatment of language helps employ algebraic tools for linguistic analysis, comparative analysis between terms in terminology and an algebraic expression evidences similarities that may hardly be ignored. Thus, an algorithmic description of terminology could generate an infinite number of products from a finite number of essential elements.

Https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fQjtM9aW9NYxGWE6MfJkv0B8yIzGLgmb/view

In the context of accelerating scientific progress, terminology takes on a special meaning. It is a source of information, a tool for mastering the specialty. The conceptual space of any field of science and technology finds its expression in terms. Terminology is a source of information, a tool for mastering the specialty. The need for the formation and formation of scientific terminological systems requires a deep analysis and description of medical terminology as a special subfield of the studied languages, which determines the relevance of the claimed problems. The article discusses the history and basics of medical terminology. Examples of medical terminology in three languages and their origin are given. The author collects and systematizes data on the development and functioning of medical terminology, their classification, theoretical understanding and description.

الدلالة المعجمیة لمصطلحات الجودة ( دراسة تأصیلیة )

الملخص تناولت في هذا البحث (مصطلح الجودة والمصطلحات المرتبطة بها من منظور لغوي واصطلاحي) ومن أهدافه التي سعى لتحقيقها الوقوف على مصطلح الجودة وبعض المصطلحات المرتبطة بها، والتعريف بها کما قال ذلک مؤلفو المعاجم والذين اتفقوا على تلک المفاهيم والدلالات، محاولة توضيح المعاني وتقريبها من منظور لغوي واصطلاحي وتوضيح العلاقة بينهما ؛ بغية التجويد والتحسين في مجال العملية التعليمية ومجالات الحياة عامة. واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي باستخدام دلالات المصطلحات من معاجم اللغة العربية المشهورة. ورکزت الدراسة على عدة مصطلحات من مصطلحات الجودة للتعرف على تفاصيل دلالاتها ومفاهيمها. وقد خرج البحث بعد عرض مادته بنتائج منها : التعرف على دلالات مصطلحات الجودة من معاجم اللغة العربية المشهورة لکبار مؤلفي المعاجم والتعريفات الاصطلاحية المرتبطة بها. وعلى ضوء نتائج البحث أوصت الباحثة بضرورة الاهتمام بمعرفة المعاني والدلالات للمصطلحات من خلال المعاجم اللغوية واصطلاحها حتى يتسنى للقراء والباحثين والمهتمين معرفة ثروة لغتنا العربية وغنائها .Abstract This article entitled “Brief Longuistic Description of Quality-Related Terminology” aims at defining quality as a term and other associated terms, according to the agreement among authors of the dictionaries and lexicons in Arabic language, It explains the concepts and meanings, and discerns the relationships between these terms, with the intent of improving the educational processes and other activities in other scholarly domains We have followed the descriptive analytical style using the connotations of the terms in the the famous Arabic lexicons. The research has selected a number of relevant terms and followed them through these references to explore their designations and concepts. The results are that the selected quality-related terms are defined and explained in the light of the famous lexicons, an attempt to view the opinion of their authors. In conclusion, the author recommends the importance of alconcern with the exact meaning stated the works of authors of the famous lexicons, in order to direct the attention of both quality and language researchers to the wealth and comprehensiveness of the Arabic language.

What is the abdomen? Rationalising clinical and anatomical perspectives using formal semantics.

The meaning of the term ‘abdomen’ has become increasingly ambiguous, as it has to satisfy the contemporary requirements of natural language discourse, literature, gross and radiological anatomy and its role in ontologies supporting electronic records and data modelling. It is critical that there is an agreed understanding of the semantics of the abdominopelvic cavity, its component volumes including the abdomen proper, true and false pelvic cavities, and its boundaries and regional contents. The expression of part–whole (meronymic) relationships is essential for inferences to be drawn by computer algorithms, but unless these are rigorously reviewed and tested incorrect assumptions are drawn. The SNOMED CT terminology descriptions and hierarchy of anatomical concepts relating to the trunk were scrutinised for ambiguity and sub‐optimal relationships using a panel of reference sources. Any identified errors were corrected and the impact of any changes reviewed iteratively by evaluating their effect on dependant hierarchies (modelled with the associated anatomical concepts). Anatomical concepts are generally structured according to a traditional gross standpoint, but in clinical practice covert complex regional notions are frequently used and during the evaluation process a new viewpoint relating to projectional (transmissive) or emissive radiological perspective was identified. The subtle but important differences in the boundaries, volumes and contents of these distinctive perspectives of the ‘abdomen’ are presented. Three significant complex variants have been identified which relate to the most common uses of the word ‘abdomen’. The merits and disadvantages of using ‘abdomen’ as common synonym to more than one concept (polysemy) are briefly discussed and the solution adopted by SNOMED International described. The review of existing ontologies and academic literature confirmed the frequent varied use of the word ‘abdomen’, which raises concerns when derived data are increasingly being used remotely from the point of clinical contact, potentially leading to incorrect inferences. The documented regional truncal volumes from an anatomical regional, segmental and cross‐sectional perspective have been integrated into a logical and comprehensive model suitable for computer processing. The robust modelling of meronymic hierarchies has to be rigorous to avoid systematic errors and it is thus timely that a proposed standard description of these subtly related volumes and structures is made available for discussion and comment.

КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ РЕКРЕАЦІЙНИХ ЛОКАЦІЙ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ЗЕЛЕНОГО ТУРИЗМУ ОДЕСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

The article highlights the importance of the role of rural green tourism in restarting the Ukrainian economy, given that the inertia of the surge in domestic tourism caused by the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic will work in the coming years. The importance of recreational activities in the field of rural green tourism is considered. The problems of the conceptual and terminological description of the infrastructure of the recreational industry are outlined. Expansion of the nomenclature of key terms in the field of rural green tourism in the context of highlighting the point elements of the territorial structure is proposed. The concept of “recreational location of rural green tourism” has been introduced for use in the practice of the recreational industry in order to strengthen the territorial aspects of the research of recreational activities. The content of the concept “recreational location of rural green tourism” is characterized as a point element of the territorial infrastructure in the field of rural tourism in the region, which combines the territorial localization of the place of receiving tourist services (rural ecologically clean area), accommodation facility (local object) and indicates the special nature of the activity (recreation). It is indicated that, according to the taxonomic criterion, it is a micro-site, a place, and according to the typological criterion, it is a recreational and tourist object with the functions of accommodation and provision of recreational services. The components of the recreational potential of the Odesa region, which have the necessary properties for the successful functioning of a competitive tourist product in the regional and national tourist markets, have been analyzed. The importance of the classification of recreational locations of rural green tourism in the Odessa region for further systematization of information for the purpose of convenient practical use by specialists from various industries and consumers of recreational services has been substantiated. The classification of the locations of rural green tourism in the Odessa region according to three criteria has been proposed and five types of recreational locations have been identified.