Description Of Process Research Articles

The quantum switch is uniquely defined by its action on unitary operations

The quantum switch is a quantum process that creates a coherent control between different unitary operations, which is often described as a quantum process which transforms a pair of unitary operations (U1,U2) into a controlled unitary operation that coherently applies them in different orders as |0⟩⟨0|⊗U1U2+|1⟩⟨1|⊗U2U1. This description, however, does not directly define its action on non-unitary operations. The action of the quantum switch on non-unitary operations is then chosen to be a ``natural'' extension of its action on unitary operations. In general, the action of a process on non-unitary operations is not uniquely determined by its action on unitary operations. It may be that there could be a set of inequivalent extensions of the quantum switch for non-unitary operations. We prove, however, that the natural extension is the only possibility for the quantum switch for the 2-slot case. In other words, contrary to the general case, the action of the quantum switch on non-unitary operations (as a linear and completely CP preserving supermap) is completely determined by its action on unitary operations. We also discuss the general problem of when the complete description of a quantum process is uniquely determined by its action on unitary operations and identify a set of single-slot processes which are completely defined by their action on unitary operations.

Pedestrian Safety in Frontal Tram Collision, Part 2: Laminated Glass as a Crucial Part of the Absorption and Deformation Zone-Its Impact Test and Analysis.

As was shown in the previous part of the study, windshields are an important part of the passive safety means of modern low-floor trams with an extraordinary effect on pedestrian safety in a pedestrian-tram collisions. Therefore, maximum attention must be paid to the definition of tram windshield characteristics. This article describes a windshield crash test, from which data are obtained to verify the feasibility of the applied computational approaches. A developed analytical model is utilised for a simple description of the energy balance during collision with an illustrative definition of the important parameters of laminated glass as well as their clear physical interpretations. The finite element analysis (FEA) performed in Ansys software using two versions of material definition, namely a simpler (*MAT_ELASTIC with nonlocal failure criterion) and a more complex (*MAT_GLASS with brittle stress-state-dependent failure) material model, which are presented as suitable for obtaining a detailed description of the shattering process of laminated glass, which can also be used effectively in windshield engineering.

Nuclear Quantum Effects Made Accessible: Local Density Fitting in Multicomponent Methods.

The simulation of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) is crucial for an accurate description of systems and processes involving light nuclei, such as hydrogen atoms. Within the last years, the importance of those effects has been highlighted for a vast range of systems with tremendous implications in chemistry, biology, physics, and materials sciences. However, while electronic structure theory methods have become routine tools for quantum chemical investigations, there is still a lack of approaches to address NQEs that are computationally accessible and straightforward to use. To address this, we present the first combination of the nuclear-electronic orbital Hartree-Fock approach with both local and density fitting approximations (LDF-NEO-HF). This results in a low-order scaling approach that enables the inclusion of NQEs for large systems within a fraction of a day and for small to medium size systems in minutes. Moreover, we demonstrate the qualitative accuracy and robustness of our approach to retrieve NQEs for three real-use cases motivated by chemical, biological, and materials science applications.

Analytical studies of the functioning of ventilation with local cooling in public buildings

Today, the creation of optimal microclimatic conditions is mandatory for the vast majority of premises in public buildings. The main problem in the cooling period of the year is the minimization of energy consumption. Traditional systems with recirculation require the return of exhaust air to the ventilation unit, which is obviously accompanied by additional energy costs for its movement. In addition, this enlarges air handling units, airducts and other equipment. This problem is not present in ventilation systems with local cooling. They consist of a ventilation system that provides a minimum flow of outdoor air and local closers that take air from the upper or middle zone, cool it and supply it to the room. The work considers the principles of analytical description of processes in a room with the simultaneous operation of ventilation and local cooling. A calculation algorithm and a software based on it have been created. The basis of the analytical description is the simplification that the supply air and the air after the closers are first mixed, and then the mixture participates in the assimilation of excess heat and moisture in the room. The influence of various factors on the productivity and cold performance of the guides is analyzed. It is shown that for maximum energy efficiency with minimum costs, it is necessary to perform the calculation, and not to use aggregated indicators. It is shown that the performance of the closers can exceed the consumption of outside air. The closers return the exhausted air to the working area, which leads to an increase in the carbon dioxide content in it and the possibility of the return of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses to it. It is shown how both problems are solved by a biotechnological measure - remedial phytodesign. The recommended assortment of plants is given.

Analysis and Modeling of the Onion Peeling Process in the Blowing Compressed Air Method

This paper presents the relationship between the efficiency of the process of onion peeling and the amount of waste generated in the process. The research was carried out on a pilot test stand for onion peeling. The process variables were the value of the compressed air pressure (p) and the value of the flow opening time through the control valve (t). The experiment took into account the influence of the onion diameter (d0) and its hardness (H). The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis. Standard deviations were of the percentage loss of onion mass in the form of the peel removed in the onion peeling process in relation to the obtained average values. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed in order to identify the importance of individual process variables on the final effect of onion peeling. This was the basis for the development of a predictive model in the form of a non-linear regression Mp = f(p,t,d0,H), which is a mathematical description of the onion peeling process. Finally, the response surface area of the relationship between analyzed variables was determined. The results of research show that the peeling efficiency of the onion and waste of peel mass depend on the compressed air pressure. Extending the onion blowing time does not improve the process efficiency, while the hardness and size of the onion are irrelevant to the process.

USING A NEURAL NETWORK TO IDENTIFY TERRITORIES AT RISK OF NATURAL EMERGENCIES

A digital model has been developed on the basis of a set of geological, engineering geological and digital terrain maps for machine learning of a neural network using the content of a map of natural processes for the Sochi territory. The description of natural processes in the preparation of input data for neural network training is based on the results of research on the Southern slope of the Greater Caucasus ridge. The neural network is based on the input and hidden matrices that distribute the input training signal at the output into the constituent elements of events with acceptable accuracy achieved during training. The author has developed his own library with functions that implement the development of a neural network, which has expanded the possibilities for solving target tasks. A set of programs has been created to work with the neural network. The territories of possible manifestations of landslide processes constructed by the neural network are well correlated with the available landslide maps and areas of identified deformations of engineering structures. The completed work can become a convenient tool for developers of territorial planning documents in the functional zoning of the territory.

Теплоэлектрические процессы в многокристальных системах

The paper shows results of studies of thermoelectric processes in multi-die systems, a particular case are power modules based on field-effect or bipolar transistors. For a complete description of such processes, it is necessary to know the thermal relations between all transistors of the module, characterized by a matrix of thermal impedances. To measure the elements of the matrix, it is proposed to use the modulation method based on heating each transistor of the module with a variable thermal power and measuring the temperature response to this effect of all other transistors. A thermal model of a multi-die system is also proposed, and based on the solution of the heat equation in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment, the temperature field is calculated on the substrate on which the dies are mounted. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which indicates the adequacy of the thermal model.

Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks for Modeling Dynamical Processes and Predictive Control: A Hybrid Physics-Informed Approach

This work has two objectives. Firstly, it describes a novel physics-informed hybrid neural network (PIHNN) model based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. The presented model structure combines the first-principle process description and data-driven neural sub-models using a specialized data fusion block that relies on fuzzy logic. The second objective of this work is to detail a computationally efficient model predictive control (MPC) algorithm that employs the PIHNN model. The validity of the presented modeling and MPC approaches is demonstrated for a simulated polymerization reactor. It is shown that the PIHNN structure gives very good modeling results, while the MPC controller results in excellent control quality.

Метод идентификации ячеечных моделей реактора кипящего слоя на основе дискретных аналогов уравнения Больцмана

The most complex models with the high quality of the results obtained are, as a rule, more expensive in terms of developer qualifications and computational resources. During process design, a detailed description of the object is often not required, and the accuracy of the results obtained should not be higher than the accuracy of the measuring instruments used. Thus, the optimal combination of simplicity and quality of the mathematical description of technological processes is an urgent task of mathematical modeling. To identify a cell model developed based on the theory of Markov chains, data obtained by solving discrete models of the Boltzmann equation are used. A method to identify cell models of a fluidized bed reactor has been developed using data obtained based on solving discrete models of the Boltzmann equation. The adequacy of the identified model of a fluidized bed reactor has been verified. An approach to develop computational support for a cell model based on the theory of Markov chains is presented. The analysis of the results obtained has shown an adequate description of the processes in fluidized bed reactors in terms of cell models. The models are developed based on the theory of Markov chains and identified based on the results obtained within the framework of discrete models of the Boltzmann equation. The proposed method to identify and verify cell models provides the possibility to obtain simultaneously acceptable indicators of model simplicity and the accuracy of calculation of the design and operating parameters of fluidized bed reactors.

Improving the mathematical model of a fiber-optic inclinometer for vibration diagnostics of elements in the propulsion system with sliding bearings

The operational capacity of a vessel’s propulsion system (VPS) has an exceptionally large impact on the safety of the ship and shipping as a whole. This requires constant long-term technical diagnostics of VPS elements in order to determine their real resource. First of all, this refers to the bearing units of VPS. The practical use of the concept of continuous diagnostics requires the introduction of the latest means of monitoring the technical condition of VPS, which can significantly increase the reliability of the measurement results. That is why solving the scientific problem of creating diagnostic tools invariant to operating conditions and adapted for continuous, long-term, and reliable monitoring, namely fiber-optic inclinometers (FOI), is relevant. In order to solve the problem, the object of research has been determined – fiber-optic measuring devices for monitoring changes in the geometric position or damping conditions of oscillations in bearing units of VPS elements. The task to improve fiber-optic means was to increase the accuracy of measurement results. The results are in the form of an improved mathematical model of FOI. The difference of the model is the calculation of actual properties of each material layer of the multilayer structure of real fiber-optic waveguides. A distinctive feature of the proposed solution is that the description of the optical-mechanical process in FOI using an improved mathematical model is more accurate and closer to the parameters of the actual process, which are determined experimentally. The results of the research belong to the field of systems and means of technical diagnosis of VPS elements and can be applied primarily on ships, submarines, and vessels of large displacement

The Goals and Realization of ‘Socio-Horticulture’ as a University Character Education

This study aims to explore the potential of a new university character education model for today's college students who are seeking an immediate transition to an ecological civilization in various aspects of their daily lives. To achieve this, it examines the background, development process, operational methods, and key educational content of the course “SHARE Community Gardening” at E-University, which is based on the concept of “socio-horticulture.” In doing so, it will not only highlight the distinctions between this course and E-University's precursor course, “SHARE Leadership,” but also differentiate it from urban agriculture courses offered at other universities. Furthermore, the study intends to provide a detailed description and analysis of the course development process, including the establishment of farming spaces and facilities, urban agriculture training for instructors, and the identification of learner needs. Additionally, it will describe the assessment methods and operational support system for the course, and introduce a curriculum for “socio-horticulture” education suitable for the four seasons in Korea. Ultimately, this research seeks to evaluate the significance and value of “socio-horticulture” as a component of university character education.

Комбинированная модель тепломассообмена в башенных градирнях

The priority directions of the scientific and technological policy of the Russian Federation include issues on research in the field of energy and resource saving technologies while generating heat and electric energy. One of the possible ways to implement it at thermal and nuclear power plants is to increase the efficiency of the operation of circulating cooling systems (COO). Modeling and optimization of circulating cooling systems with tower cooling towers is of particular relevance under modern conditions of a limited amount of low-mineralized water for charging circulating cooling systems. To determine the parameters of air flow in the tower cooling tower, a three-dimensional simulation model is developed. To describe heat and mass transfer, considering the phase transitions in coolants, a matrix model is used. The model is developed based on the mass and energy balance equations. A combined model of a circulating cooling system with cooling towers has been developed. It describes air flow within the framework of a three-dimensional simulation model and the process of heat and mass transfer, considering a possible phase transition in coolants within the framework of a matrix model. Comparison of modeling results and normative data is carried out. Adequate description of the real-life process using the combined model is presented. The developed combined model allows setting and solving problems of choosing the optimal design and operating parameters of the COO equipment, as well as solving problems of diagnosing the state of the COO according to the readings of standard instruments. In the future, the proposed calculation method will allow optimizing the operating modes of combined water supply systems, which combine water cooling in a direct-flow scheme and water cooling in a reverse scheme with cooling towers.

Co-Creation and Developing the Creative Economy: The ‘Galo da Madrugada’ Case

Summary This case study explores the potential of connecting the creative economy with tourism through the analysis of the collaborative creative process, to rethink a carnival icon called ‘Galo de Madrugada’ (Morning Rooster) in Recife, Brazil. The icon already existed but the process by which it used to be created was not collaborative and caused few and temporary impacts. Via the description of the new creative process of the ‘Galo de Madrugada’, which brings together people from various cities in Pernambuco state, the case study illustrates how awareness for sustainable consumption is increased, which simultaneously acts as a tool to build capacity in local communities, create meaningful connections and boost social cohesion via co-working opportunities. Information © The Authors 2023

Reporting guidelines and a touch of critical appraisal

The biomedical research process must follow certain quality criteria in its design and development to ensure that the results are credible and reliable. Once completed, the time comes to write an article for publication. The article must present in sufficient detail, and in a clear and transparent manner, all the information on the research work that has been carried out. In this way, readers, after a critical reading of the published content, will be able to judge the validity and relevance of the study and, if they so wish, make use of the findings.In order to improve the description of the research process for publication, a series of guidelines have been developed which, in a simple and structured way, guide authors in the preparation of a manuscript. They are presented in the form of a list, flowchart, or structured text, and are an invaluable aid when writing an article.This article presents the reporting guidelines for the most common designs along with the corresponding checklists.

Automated Control Systems in Greenhouses

Objective. The purpose of the research is to develop an innovative automated program associated with a completely new irrigation regime based on a closed water supply system.Method. Methods of modeling, formalized description, optimal design and control of technological processes and production were used.Result. An automated control system in greenhouse farming based on Arduino controllers and ONI PLR Studio software for its operation are presented. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the creation of appropriate modes of the climate control system in greenhouses. The ONI PLR Studio program is written in FBD language. It solves important problems of controlling the cultivation of agricultural products, breeding new plant varieties, and controlling the technological process using certain signals. User input is limited to software adjustments and direct setting of controller parameters. The adjustment can be carried out remotely through a computer connected to the controller. The automatic operating mode is provided by sensors and a controller with electronic control circuits, which ensure that the actuators operate in the required mode.Conclusion. An automated control system (ACS) allows you to control air and soil temperature, soil and air humidity, soil nutrition, disinfection, air pressure, lighting, the presence of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, and climate control.

Virtual reality forensics: Forensic analysis of Meta Quest 2

The Meta Quest 2 is one of the most popular Virtual Reality (VR) entertainment headsets to date. The headset, developed by Meta Platforms Inc., immerses the user in a completely simulated environment. Some VR environments can be shared over the Internet to allow users to communicate and interact with one another and share their experiences. Unfortunately, the safety of these VR environments cannot always be guaranteed, generating a risk that users may be exposed to illicit online behaviour in the form of online harassment, grooming, and cyberbullying. Therefore, forensic examiners must be able to conduct sound forensic analysis of VR headsets to investigate these criminal investigations. In this study, we conduct digital forensic acquisition and analysis of the Meta Quest 2 VR headset. Analysis of the forensic image exemplified that there were several digital artefacts relating to user activities, device information and stored digital artefacts that can be extracted in a forensically sound manner. The main contributions of this study include a detailed description of the forensic acquisition process, identification of internal file storage locations, and recovery and analysis of digital artefacts that can be used to aid VR forensic investigations.

Проектирование прикладного программного продукта распознавания и оценки эмоций с использованием нейронной сети

During the analysis of the most common architectures for building neural networks for image analysis – a direct convolutional layer, a recurrent neural network, a convolutional neural network – the authors determined that the last architecture option for the task is the most suitable. The solutions available on the market, although they allow us to recognize emotions, do not evaluate them, and this is an important result for a wide variety of tasks, because such an assessment allows us to more accurately predict the possible future behavior of both individuals and groups of people. The purpose of this article is to design an application software product (application) and develop a prototype that could perform the functions of analyzing emotions and evaluating them. The objectives of this study include the choice of the architecture of the designed application; the development of an algorithm for the operation of the application; the design of the user interface; a description of the neural network learning process and its results, the model of which was defined in the previous article; demonstration of the prototype (control example). The scientific novelty of the projected application lies in the formation of an assessment of the psycho-emotional state of those people whose images of their faces were evaluated. Such an assessment with recommendations can be widely demanded in various branches of human activity, since it is important to be able to express emotions not only to ordinary people, but also to those whose job is to transfer their emotional state to others: business coaches, journalists, actors, animators, dancers, etc. The presence of emotional intelligence is very important at the moment time.

A‐PGRD: Attention‐based automatic business process model generation from RPA process description

SummaryRobotic process automation (RPA), a tool driven by business processes as the kernel, continues to heat up in the business community. However, process‐centric RPA modeling lacks an effective means. To address this problem, we propose a method for automatic process acquisition using RPA process descriptions as input. Existing deep learning process generation methods cannot be applied at the phrase level and have low accuracy at the sentence level. The proposed neural network method is based on an attention mechanism for automatic business process model generation from RPA process descriptions (A‐PGRD). The approach analyzes easily accessible and unstructured natural language text documents, constructs a non‐autoregressive neural network with an attention mechanism to retrieve the business process hierarchy, and generates a tree‐like business process graph using unsupervised automation. Through K‐fold cross‐validation, the method achieves an accuracy of 41.7% on the manually collected open‐source RPA business process dataset. Compared with the previous method, the method improves the learning efficiency by 23%–27%. The obtained results can be applied to the RPA tool to better optimize the business process and thus help organizations gain an edge over their competition.

Insights from the Construction of Adenovirus-Based Vaccine Candidates against SARS-CoV-2: Expecting the Unexpected.

To contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, rapid development of vaccines was required in 2020. Rational design, international efforts, and a lot of hard work yielded the market approval of novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on diverse platforms such as mRNA or adenovirus vectors. The great success of these technologies, in fact, contributed significantly to control the pandemic. Consequently, most scientific literature available in the public domain discloses the results of clinical trials and reveals data of efficaciousness. However, a description of processes and rationales that led to specific vaccine design is only partially available, in particular for adenovirus vectors, even though it could prove helpful for future developments. Here, we disclose our insights from the endeavors to design compatible functional adenoviral vector platform expression cassettes for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We observed that contextualizing genes from an ssRNA virus into a DNA virus provides significant challenges. Besides affecting physical titers, expression cassette design of adenoviral vaccine candidates can affect viral propagation and spike protein expression. Splicing of mRNAs was affected, and fusogenicity of the spike protein in ACE2-overexpressing cells was enhanced when the ER retention signal was deleted.

Drought response of water-conserving and non-conserving spring barley cultivars.

Breeding barley cultivars adapted to drought requires in-depth knowledge on physiological drought responses. We used a high-throughput functional phenotyping platform to examine the response of four high-yielding European spring barley cultivars to a standardized drought treatment imposed around flowering. Cv. Chanell showed a non-conserving water-use behavior with high transpiration and maximum productivity under well-watered conditions but rapid transpiration decrease under drought. The poor recovery upon re-irrigation translated to large yield losses. Cv. Baronesse showed the most water-conserving behavior, with the lowest pre-drought transpiration and the most gradual transpiration reduction under drought. Its good recovery (resilience) prevented large yield losses. Cv. Formula was less conserving than cv. Baronesse and produced low yet stable yields. Cv. RGT's dynamic water use with high transpiration under ample water supply and moderate transpiration decrease under drought combined with high resilience secured the highest and most stable yields. Such a dynamic water-use behavior combined with higher drought resilience and favorable root traits could potentially create an ideotype for intermediate drought. Prospective studies will examine these results in field experiments and will use the newly gained understanding on water use in barley to improve process descriptions in crop simulation models to support crop model-aided ideotype design.