Verbal Derivation Research Articles

Verb Classes and Argument Structure Variation in Futunan

Futunan (EFu) is spoken by the 5000 inhabitants of the Island of Futuna in the Wallis and Futuna Island Territory. There are also about as many Futunan emigrants to New Caledonia as there are inhabitants of Futuna itself. Futunan belongs to the western branch of the Polynesian group. The only currently available documentary material on this language is the dictionary and grammatical sketch published in French by Fr. Grezel in 1868 and a paper from Bruce Biggs. I will here merely attempt to develop a number of points relating to verb classification and derivation. I propose a verb classification based on the number and kind of admissible constructions with allowance for the optional or obligatory nature of the arguments and their semantic function. In Futunan, verbs are usually inherently oriented for a specific construction; only a few are labile. Most can only change their argument structure through a process of derivation. Morphosyntactically, the derived verb will generally take two arguments, one absolutive and the other ergative, while the nonderived verb will take only one obligatory (absolutive) argument or, in the case of middle verbs, an absolutive argument and an argument in an oblique case. In terms of semantic relationships, verb derivation must be considered differently according to whether the absolutive argument of the nonderived verb represents an agent or a patient.

The Case for Lexicase: An Outline of Lexicase Grammatical Theory

Part 1 Formal properties of lexicase theory: attributes domain constraints. Part 2 Pan-lexicalism: grammar as lexicon grammar as rules lexicon rules and organization. Part 3 Formalization: flow chart rule types rule ordering representations. Part 4 Case: division of labor case relations macroroles verbal derivation. Part 5 Case forms and case marking: case forms case markers localism coordination and gapping. Part 6 Constructions and classes: NPs and noun subcategorization PPs Ss and verb subcategorization discourse. Conclusion. Bibliography. Index.

Cue validity in Hebrew sentence comprehension.

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the degree to which cue validity, as estimated from textual analyses, predicts the actual strength of grammatical cues as they are used by speakers of Hebrew. An experiment was conducted to determine the differential strengths of the linguistic cues employed by Hebrew speakers when assigning the role of patient in sentences. Monolingual Hebrew-speaking subjects 4, 5, 7, and 9 years old, as well as adults, were tested using a sentence-picture verification task. Six cues were included in the study: word order, the accusative object marker, the reflexive noun phrase and three verbal derivations. By presenting subjects with sentences which set these cues in competition with one another, a measure of the strength of each cue was obtained. The results of a regression analysis revealed strong positive correlations between estimated cue validities and actual cue strengths for all but the youngest age groups. These results were interpreted as suggesting that cue validity is highly predictive of actual cue strengths. In addition, the strengths of the six cues varied as a function of the subject's age. Two additional factors were hypothesized to account for the performance of the older subjects: increased sensitivity to the reliability of cues and discourse-based constraints.

On comprehension of active/passive sentences and language processing in a Polish agrammatic aphasic

This paper presents the results of a study of active/passive sentence comprehension by a Polish-speaking agrammatic aphasic. The patient showed good performance on canonically ordered active and passive structures, but performed poorly on inverted variants. The systemtically normal and deviant comprehension patterns observed are accounted for by normal interpretative strategies applied to syntactic structures built around verbs with reduced inflectional morphology. The differences between our Polish data and the English data discussed in the literature are explained by the fact that Polish possesses a richer derivational verb morphology. The interpretation of inverted sentences demonstrates the importance of S-V-O word order preference. Our analysis draws upon the notion of grammatical functions to explain the data.

HLONIPHA—THE WOMEN'S LANGUAGE OF AVOIDANCE AMONG THE XHOSA

In order to meaningfully illustrate some of the mechanics relating to the use of hlonipha among the Xhosa women of the family groups selected, the structure of one particular Xhosa family is described in some depth, i.e. Nokhonza, who is married to Bonisile, the son of Nina and Dike. Examples of the avoidance patterns of Nokhonza's great grandfather-in-law Saki, her grandfather-in-law, Ntlokwana, as well as her father- and mother-in-law are given. Thereafter the categorisation of avoidance rules which occur regularly in the core vocabulary are discussed. These categories include: 1. Phonological features, where clicks, glide consonants, consonant deletion and palatal plosives are mentioned. 2. The retention of common forms, which are divided into three sections: a. Common Bantu; b. Common Southern Bantu; c. Common Nguni. 3. Association of ideas could be divided into four sections: a. Shift in meaning; b. synonyms; c. descriptive phrases; and d. verbal derivatives. 4. Coinage of new words which is indicati...

THE BLANKET OF DARKNESS: PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING FROM A BANTU LANGUAGE INTO ENGLISH

Working within the parameters of fidelity to the original text, and naturalness in the receptor language, an attempt is made to show how communicative adequacy can be achieved in the translation of a text from Tsonga to English. From the novel “Ndzi tshikeni!” by B.K.M. Mthombeni, a passage is chosen consisting of stretches of narrative separated by two prayers. The translation is traced through three stages (i) a basic one-to-one formally equivalent version, (ii) a linguistically congruent version and (iii) a dynamically equivalent version. The problems encountered in the translation process are examined under four headings - A. Lexicon—semantic areas; connotations; variant forms arising from dialect and registers differences; archaisms; the ideophone; idiomatic usage and word play. B. Syntactic features—emphasis; deficient verbs; verbal derivatives; special syntactic forms and abbreviated structures. C. Discourse—cohesion and coherence; simultaneous and sequential actions; levels of discourse; stylistic...

Aymara Syntactic Relations and Derivational Verb Suffixes

Aymara Syntactic Relations and Derivational Verb Suffixes

The Past Participle of Stride

IN HIS EXEMPLARY OBITUARY Albert Henry (Language 52 [1976]: 667-81), Archibald A. Hill recalls his close association with Marckwardt when the two of them were young men at the University of Michigan fifty years ago and remarks, remember.., .his amusedly asking me about the past participle of stride: 'Is it stridden?' Hill then goes on to say, have been listening ever since for an example of this curiously non-existent (p. 668). Since reading these words I too have been listening, but to no avail. And, indeed, so rare is this inflected form of a by no means uncommon English verb that there is no record of it in the extensive MerriamWebster pronunciation files. There is, however, a considerable body of written evidence for the past participial form of stride, and it is the purpose of this short paper to bring this material together. The OED entry for the verb stride yields several examples of the past participial form, and others may be found at the entries for the derivative verbs bestride, outstride, and overstride, whose inflectional forms are surely those of the root word. The following is a complete record, arranged in chronological order, of the past participles of these four words as they appear in the OED:

Memory representation for morphologically related words

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the memory status of inflectional forms of verbs (S, ED, ING), irregular past tense words, and adjective and nominal derivatives of verbs. The central question was whether inflections, irregular past tense forms, and derivatives have memory representations separate from their base verbs. The results indicated that inflections do not have memory representations separate from their base verbs but irregular past tense words and both types of derivatives do. While the latter three types of items seem to have separate memory entries for base verbs and their variations, the entries do not appear to be independent. There is evidence that accessing the variation results in activation of the representation for the base verb and that this activation is a necessary step in the processing of the variation.

Derivatives of Irregular Verbs

Derivatives of Irregular Verbs

Aymara Syntactic Relations and Derivational Verb Suffixes

Previous articleNext article No AccessAymara Syntactic Relations and Derivational Verb SuffixesEusebia Herminia MartínEusebia Herminia Martín Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by International Journal of American Linguistics Volume 44, Number 2Apr., 1978 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/465530 Views: 3Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1978 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article: Bibliography, ().https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110859119.377

Assessment and Performance

Over the years, judgements of school pupils' capabilities have contributed extensively to the route followed by those pupils through the educational system of the day and to the actual educational context of that route. As time has progressed so the methods of judgement have been altered to allow for 'improvements' to be made to the methods and such changes may be held to be taking place still. The balance between educational and psychological measures is not now what it was when the i i + examinations were in full swing but there is still a very large number of judgements made which affect the individual child; against this background has been taken the decision to introduce a regular national assessment of performance in a number of curriculum areas. It is proposed to consider here both assessments used in schools and some implications of looking at national performance. It is, perhaps, appropriate to start with a consideration of the derivation and meaning of the verb 'assess':

Dinamiškųjų lokatyvinių sakinių nominalizacija lietuvių ir anglų kalbose

The article deals with nominalising transformations of dynamiclocative sentences (e. g. John has returned home). The comparison of Lithuanian and English evidence has shown Lithuanian derivatives to be more rich semantically and free syntactically. In Lithuanian verbal derivatives are marked aspectually, whereas in English they are not. In Lithuanian the expanded adjunct of a locative nominal may be used both in preposition and postposition, in English it is used in postposition only.

The Effects of Four Communication Modes on the Structure of Language Used During Cooperative Problem Solving

Summary This paper reports the analysis of the verbal output of 20 two-man teams of high school boys who communicated through four different channels to solve problems cooperatively. Each word of the protocols was assigned to one of six linguistic classes based on Fries's analysis of the structure of English. Results indicate significant shifts in the relative proportions of the different classes of words as a function of mode of communication. Ss communicating by voice on the average used more pronouns and more function words than did Ss who communicated via handwriting or typewriting. Ss who used handwriting on the average used fewer pronouns and fewer verbs and verb derivatives than did Ss in all other modes of communication.

Mirrors and Masks: The Search for Identity.

Who am I, and how do I know? I am different in talking to different people; I adapt my mask to the expectations I see mirrored in them. Do they change, too? Doctors, no less than others, need to be reminded that the word person, the implications of which we consider so essential to modern medical practice, is derived from a word meaning a mask, such as players wore. The author of this stimulating book goes beyond this verbal derivation to a closer scrutiny of the essential connections of the many masks each of us wears. Names, appraisals, memberships, history, prestige, subtle and overt changes in character, and the constant mutual modifications incident to social intercourse are discussed. Strangely, the author omits all mention of the most typical and vivid American identity confusion—that of the “American” Indians. Sociology, argues the author persuasively, no less than psychology, can contribute to the

Nominal and verbal derivation in Sundanese

This paper describes and sets out a purely formal method for the analysis and classification of the derivational processes applicable to the nouns and verbs of the Sundanese language of Java.

The Verbal Suffix -ettan in Old English

Jespersen has pointed out that 'English is very poor in frequentative verbs, especially in such as have corresponding non-frequentative verbs. He is referring, of course, to Modern English, and goes on to say that there are various other, somewhat more analytic means of expressing the plural of the verbal idea. In Old English, on the contrary, iteration or repetition was much more frequently expressed by means of formal devices. A formation with -1is found in a number of verbs, such as br.Tclian 'to cackle', citelian 'to tickle', brastlian 'to rustle', whereas many others, including floterian, flicerian, and tealtrian 'to totter', employ an -rstem. For the most part, however, such verbs are formed either from nouns or from adjectives and, as Jespersen indicates, corresponding non-frequentative verbs are not to be found. There does exist in Old English, however, one group of verbal derivatives which may be characterized in part, at least, as frequentative. These are the verbs with the suffix -ettan. This suffix developed from Gmc. -atjan, possibly cognate with Gk. -arw, based upon the IE noun suffix -d-.2 The relatively infrequent occurrence of these verbs in Indo-European branches other than the Germanic need not concern us here. Gothic, too, has few instances of such verbs, but in OHG this group, with the suffix -azzen, later -ezzen, became very widespread, particularly in the upper dialects.3 In general it may be said that the -ettan verbs in Old English have never been subjected to an exhaustive analysis. Schuldt, in his treatment of the weak verb in Old English, collected about fifty of them (a few of dubious authenticity), quoted Wilmanns to the effect that they were often intensive or iterative, and there let the matter drop.4 They were mentioned again by Brilioth in an article on intensive and iterative verbs in the English language as a whole, but the scope of his work was so broad that he could not afford to give them much attention.5 Today, when they are treated at all in the current grammars of Old English, they are labelled merely as intensives and passed over with little consideration.6

On the derivation of the Latin verb “usurpare.”

On the derivation of the Latin verb “usurpare.” Get access L. L. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-I, Issue 5, 2 February 1856, Pages 87–88, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-I.5.87 Published: 02 February 1856

“On the Derivation and Meaning of the Latin Verb Usur‐Pare;”

“On the Derivation and Meaning of the Latin Verb U<scp>sur</scp>‐P<scp>are</scp>;”