Derivational Suffixes Research Articles

The Functions Of Derivational Suffixes Found In The “Moby-Dick” Novel By Herman Melville

This research collaborates with the examination of derivational suffixes, which play a crucial role in language development. These suffixes bring about changes in word meanings and grammatical structures, ultimately improving vocabulary and communication skills, a significant advantage for students. The data were gathered from a novel named “Moby-Dick,” consist of 786 pages, and 135 Chapters. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach for its analysis. The theories are from Katamba (1993) and Carstairs-McCarthy (2002). The data collection techniques encompassed reading the novel; identifying and underlining words with potential suffixes; and marked words are categorized in the last step of data collection. The study's outcome revolved around the examination of the functional aspects of derivational suffixes, specifically delving into both class-maintaining and class-changing derivational suffixes. The total dataset comprised were 170. The class changing of derivational suffixes in The Moby-Dick novel was adverb derived from adjective (75), adjective derived from noun (52), verb derived from noun (1), noun derived from verb (40). It could be concluded that the highest frequency of data was adjectives that get the highest percentage, namely 75 words. The class maintaining of derivational suffixes in The Moby-Dick novel was nouns derived from nouns (2) there was no data found in the novel about adjective derived from adjective. This research’s implications lie in deepening literary analysis by revealing how derivational suffixes enrich the interpretation of "Moby-Dick," enhancing character development, symbolism, and linguistic nuances within the text.

An Analysis of Derivational Suffixes Used in @Wetheurban Instagram Posts

The title of this research is "An Analysis of Derivational Suffixes Used in @Wetheurban Instagram Posts." The purpose of this research was to identify the forms of derivational suffixes and explain their function and meaning used in Instagram posts by @Wetheurban. The data for this research was derived from Instagram posts by @Wetheurban, which created this Instagram to increase personal power by 1000%.The data was collected by reading and highlighting the Instagram account @Wetheurban. The data for this study was analyzed qualitatively. This study used Plag's (2002) theory from his book "Word -Formation in English". The analysis showed four types of derivational suffixes: 14 nominal suffixes, 2 verbal suffixes, 10 adjectival suffixes, and 2 adverbial suffixes. Derivational suffixes have two functions: class-maintaining suffixes and class-changing suffixes. Suffixes found in the data source each have their own meaning, such as person or having something to do with X, result of X, state or quality, tending to, connected with, and so on.

-ata nominalisations in Maltese: a language contact perspective

The -ata derivational suffix is attested frequently in nominalisations in Italo-Romance languages and its functions related to ‘event/single instance’ nouns have been documented extensively. This affix with these functions is also present in the derivational morphology of Maltese, in which diachronic and synchronic developments of -ata nominalisations reflect the evolutionary paths of this language, characterised by contact. By investigating the etymology of verbal and nominal bases, this research provides a classification of forms which take the -ata suffix in Maltese to refer to events and single instances within them, through derivation involving contact with Italian, English and Sicilian base forms. -ata nominalisations resulting from etymologically Arabic bases will also be included in the classification.

The Derivational Suffix -mAç and New Ideas on its Formation

Türkçede eklerin büyük bir kısmı tek hecelidir. Geri kalan kısmı ise iki veya üç hecelidir. İki veya üç heceli ekler, birden fazla ekin bir araya gelip anlamsal bir bütünlüğe kavuşmuş biçimleridir. Kimi ekler de tek heceli görünmesine rağmen özünde birden fazla ekin zamanla kaynaşarak tek heceye indirgenmesiyle oluşmuştur. Bu eklerden biri de -mAç ekidir. -mAç eki Eski Türkçeden günümüze değin kullanım alanını genişleterek varlığını devam ettiren bir yapım ekidir. Ekin birbirinden bağımsız işlevlerinin bulunması, farklı unsurların birleşerek zamanla tek bir biçimin altında toplanmış olduğunun göstergesi olarak düşünülebilir. 
 Bu çalışmada -mAç ekinin tarihî ve çağdaş Türk lehçelerindeki örnekleri tespit edilerek işlevlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Ekin teşekkülü ile ilgili daha önceden bilinen

DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES FOUND IN SELECTED ARTICLE IN TEMPO ENGLISH MAGAZINE

This research aims to find out the type of derivational suffixes and the morphological process of derivational suffixes which found in selected article of law in Tempo English Magazine. Descriptive qualitative and quantitative method were used to identify the type and the morphological process of derivational suffixes. There are 59 data were found in three articles of law in Tempo English Magazine which were: derivational suffixes Noun to Adjective 5 data (8,43%) such as: -ic and –an. Derivational suffixes Verb to Noun 31 data (52,54%) such as: -ance, -ation, -er, -ion. Derivational suffixes Adjective to Adverb 16 data (27,12%) such as: -ly. Derivational suffixes Noun to Verb 2 data (3,39%) wich were: -ize, -ate. Derivational suffixes Adjective to Noun 2 data (3,39%) which were: -ity. And derivational suffixes Verb to Adjective 3 data (5,08%) like: -ity. The data that has the most occurrences is derivational suffixes Verb to Noun, while the data that has the fewest occurrence are derivational suffixes Noun to Verb and Adjective to Noun.
 Keywords: Derivational suffixes; morphology; Tempo English Magazine

Morphological Analysis of Derivational Affixes Used in Eka Kurniawan’s Novel Beauty is a Wound Translated by Annie Tucker

This research aims to analyze the derivational affixes which contained in Beauty is A Wound novel. The data of research containing derivational affixes in Beauty is A Wound novel, and use that novel as the sources of data in this research as real process of data information. The writer uses descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data. The data is based on Katamba’s theory of derivational affixes. As the result of the research, the writer found 744 derivational affixes, which consists 114 derivational prefixes and 630 derivational suffixes. The most frequent data on the novel is 326 derivational suffix –ly (43.82%), then 78 prefix un- (10.49%), 77 suffix –er (10.35%), then 45 suffix –al (6.05%), next is 42 suffix –ity (5.65%), followed by 37 suffix –ness (4.98%), the next is 33 suffix –ful (4.44%), after that 28 suffix –ment (3.77%), followed by 26 suffix –less (3.50%), next is 13 prefix in- (1.75%), then 12 prefix re- (1.62%), followed by 9 prefix dis- (1.21%), and 7 suffix –ship (0.95%), then 7 suffix –ic (0.95%), and 2 suffix –hood (0,08%), and the lowest is 2 prefix en- (0,08%).

Can a Suffix that Make Verbs from Nouns Determine the Government Frame of the Verb? A study on +(X)K- Derivational Suffix

Can a Suffix that Make Verbs from Nouns Determine the Government Frame of the Verb? A study on +(X)K- Derivational Suffix

TRANSFORMATION OF HEALTH TERMINOLOGY THROUGH DERIVATIONAL AFFIXATION IN CNN ONLINE NEWS

Derivational affixation is a linguistic process that involves the creation of new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or infixes to existing words. These affixes can modify the word's part of speech, alter its meaning, or both. The present study had the objective of identifying various types of derivational affixes and examining the morphological transformations they bring about in health-related terms within CNN's online news platform. Employing qualitative research methods informed by Katamba's theoretical framework (2005), the investigation utilized a dataset sourced from the news website https://edition.cnn.com/. The dataset encompassed 30 health-related news articles spanning topics such as COVID-19, mental health, food, beauty, sleep, and pregnancy. Based on data analysis from 30 health news, there were 13 words containing derivational prefixes and 64 words containing derivational suffixes. The words in derivational prefix did not change the part of speech but changed the meaning. In derivational suffixes, there are 7 types of changes that change word from verb to noun (23 words), adjective to noun (14 words), noun to noun (10 words), noun to adjective (7 words), adjective to adverb (5 words), verb to adjective (4 words), and the last noun to verb (1 word). From the findings, it can be concluded that the addition of affixes to words explains the function of sentence structure. Derivational suffixes are found the most because they have many interactions of forms, meanings, and functions. Keywords: derivational affix, health, prefix, suffix, news

Interfaces between Inflectional and Derivational Morphology in Romanian

. In this paper I present a few cases from Romanian where the distinction between inflectional and derivational morphology is not clear-cut or where an affix crosses from one category to the other: a derivational suffix which becomes a plural/inflectional desinence marker in section 1., the use of a plural desinence with derivational value in section 2., the use of the definite article (inflectional suffix) as a derivational affix in section 3., and the analysis of an affix as either derivational, inflectional or both in section 4. The examples provided are from standard and regional contemporary Romanian, with a few diachronic observations.

Gender assignment to English noun insertions in New York Dominican Spanish

The current study explores which factors condition gender assignment to English noun insertions in New York Dominican Spanish and compares these results with previous studies on gender assignment to English noun insertions in Spanish. We find that while the gender of the referent, the analogical gender of the English noun, and homophony with a Spanish noun play significant roles in the gender assignment process, the phonological gender of the noun insertion and the presence of a derivational suffix do not. Reviewing previous studies on gender assignment to English nouns in Spanish, we conclude that although it is possible that the discrepancies between studies result in part from the establishment of different norms in different speech communities, a major source of these discrepancies appears to be a lack of consensus about how to define analogical gender and phonological gender.

Структурно-семантическая характеристика производных глаголов движения в немецком языке

The aim of the research is to identify and describe the structural, semantic and functional features of derivative verbs of motion with derivational suffixes of the directional meaning in the German language. The scientific novelty of the work lies in taking a holistic approach to the study of the ways of dynamic relations explication. Carrying out a component analysis, the paper is the first to identify the semantic features of functioning of the German derivative units belonging to the lexico-semantic group ‘Motion’ in syntagmatic structures based on the correlation of ‘verbs of motion with the verbal components-particles of prepositional and adverbial character of the directional semantics + a prepositional/non-prepositional construction’ with the causators of the initial, intermediate and final points of motion. The research findings have shown that the nominative field of spatial-directional relations consists of 12 propositional models and word-formation categories, the constitutive components of which are word-formation types (series of word-formation types) with a certain degree of productivity, as well as a connotative and collocational potential. In addition, German verbal particles of directional semantics demonstrate nominative independence and, as a result, affect the processes of text generation. It has been found that the influence of the studied suffixes on the content structure of the motivating word forms two types of word-formation meanings: the modifying meaning, which includes the modifying-amplifying one, and the mutational meaning, which includes the neutralizing one.

ACCENTUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MULTI-PURPOSE SUFFIX -ETS

The aim of the study is to analyze the prosodic realization of the different uses of the suffix -ets in order to verify the hypothesis that the prosodic profiles of the multi-purpose suffixes depend on the word-forming type (mutational or modificational). The suffix serves to form nomina agentis (boѐts ‘fighter’), nomina instrumenti (pisèts ‘nib’), nomina attributivа (hubavèts ‘handsome man’), national names - nomina habitatorium (japònets ‘Japanese’), nomina pertinentia (karteziànets ‘Cartesian’) and nomina diminutiva (hlèbets ‘bread’). The analysis shows that added to non-derivative bases, the suffix is marked as stressed when it forms nomina agentis, instrumenti, and nomina attributiva, composed of adjectives. It is pre-accented when it indicates belonging to nationality and is accentually not marked when added to nouns as a diminutive suffix. The suffix receives the word stress when it is associated with unaccented bases, but it is not stressed when it is attached to accented bases by virtue of the so-called inflection dependence (Steriade, Yanovic 2015). Inflectional forms are considered as a "collective basis" when choosing a stress option. Another important factor is the structure of the base (one-syllable or multi-syllable, derived or not). When added to another derivational suffix in a derived stem, -ets cannot affect the accentuation of the first phase of derivation in the logic of the distributive morphology.

Handwriting processes when spelling morphologically complex words in children with and without Developmental Language Disorder.

Representations activated during handwriting production code information on morphological structure and reflect decomposition of the root and suffix. Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have significant difficulties in spelling morphologically complex words, but previous research has not sought evidence for a morphological decomposition effect via an examination of handwriting processes in this population. Thirty-three children aged 9-10 years with DLD, 33 children matched for chronological age (CA), and 33 younger children aged 7-8 years matched for oral language ability (LA) completed a dictated spelling task (21 words; 12 with inflectional suffixes, nine with derivational suffixes). The task was completed on paper with an inking pen linked to a graphics tablet running the handwriting software Eye and Pen. Pause analyses and letter duration analyses were conducted. The three groups showed similar handwriting processes, evidencing a morphological decomposition effect in a natural writing task. Pause durations observed at the root/suffix boundary were significantly longer than those occurring in the root. Letter durations were also significantly longer for the letter immediately prior to the boundary compared to the letter after it. Nevertheless, despite being commensurate to their LA matches for mean pause durations and letter durations, children with DLD were significantly poorer at spelling derivational morphemes. Handwriting processes did significantly predict spelling accuracy but to a much lesser extent compared to reading ability. It is suggested that derivational spelling difficulties in DLD may derive more from problems with underspecified orthographic representations as opposed to handwriting processing differences.

Effects of Target Age and Genre on Morphological Complexity in Children’s Reading Material

ABSTRACT Purpose Morphological regularities are an important feature of the English writing system, and exposure to written morphology may be key in the development of skilled word recognition. Our aim was to investigate children’s experiences of written morphology by analyzing a large-scale corpus of children’s reading materials spanning a target age range from 5 to 14 years. Method Analysis was based on the Oxford Children’s Reading Corpus. We examined frequency distributions of derived and compound words by target age and genre, as well as type and token frequencies for individual derivational suffixes. Results We found that the proportion of morphologically complex words – and derived words particularly – increased in line with target age, and that nonfiction contained more complex words than fiction. Frequencies of individual suffixes also varied by target age and genre, with Germanic forms more common in fiction and texts for younger children, and Latinate forms more common in nonfiction and texts for older children. Conclusion These findings provide a comprehensive picture of how children’s experience with written morphology changes over the course of reading development. We discuss these findings in the context of developmental changes in morphological processing, and the benefits and limitations of using large-scale natural language datasets.

Zero suffixes in Modern Greek derived adjectival formations with alpha privative

AbstractIn this paper, we examine Modern Greek adjectives with the negative prefixα- [a] (also calledalpha privative) which are derived from nouns. These formations display formal and semantic properties that cannot be attributed to any overt element of the structure. Following a bottom-up approach, we revisit the question of whether zero morphemes are useful in the realm of derivational morphology. We argue for a zero derivational suffix that accounts for the lexical category and the inflectional properties of the formation and in combination with the negative prefixa- gives a privative reading. As this zero suffix attributes the basic properties of the formations, but it is not part of the overt structure, we raise the question of whether derivational structures can also be exocentric. Many scholars have claimed that exocentricity is a property pertinent only to compounds. However, we argue that there is no reason why the presence of zero morphemes and the notion of exocentricity should be excluded from derivational morphology.

Derivational Suffixes in Reading Texts of Higher Educational English Textbook

This research aims to analyze the types of derivational suffixes used in reading texts of the higher educational English textbook. This research employed qualitative research, specifically content analysis, as the research design. The data involved derivational suffixes found in 15 reading texts of the higher educational English textbook English for Islamic Studies, used by the al-Qur’an and Tafsir Sciences study program students at IAIN Palangka Raya. The data collected were analyzed systematically. This research indicated four types of derivational suffixes in the reading texts of the higher educational English textbook: nominal, adjectival, adverbial, and verbal. Nominal suffixes were the most frequently used derivational suffixes in the reading texts of the higher educational English textbook. The research findings implied that the types of derivational suffixes frequently occurring in higher educational English textbook reading texts should be emphasized more in teaching reading comprehension.

Deverbal nominalization in Runyankore

In this paper I examine eleven different processes of deverbal nominalization in Runyankore, a Lacustrine Bantu language spoken in Uganda. After establishing both general and Runyankore-specific properties that distinguish nouns from verbs, I test each of these nominalizations against 13 phonological, morphological, and syntactic criteria. Although all eleven nominalization constructions can take the determiner-like initial vowel “augment”, and all can be derived from verb bases that include derivational suffixes (“extensions”), e.g. causative, applicative, and reciprocal, only some of the nominalizations allow a pronominal object prefix or a following noun phrase object or adverbial. The various properties are tabulated to show that the different nominalizations vary along a cline, meeting all, some, or none of the nine most discriminating criteria in defining “noun” vs. “verb”.

Picnic, Accident or Cookies? A Systematic Approach to Guide the Selection of the Picture Definition Tasks in Linguistic Assessment

Picture description tasks are used to elicit language samples in individuals with aphasia and other cognitive disorders. However, task selection may affect the type of language variables elicited. In this study, our goal is to compare the strengths and the weaknesses of the two internationally used picture description tasks with a novel picture description task developed specifically for Turkish-speaking individuals. In sum, 20 cognitively healthy individuals with a mean age of 52 ± 14/3 were included. Three different picture description tasks composed of single pictures were used: The Picnic Scene from the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised, the Cookie Theft picture from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination and the Accident Scene from the Turkish Language Assessment Test for Aphasia. All language samples were recorded using a digital voice recorder. Automated and semi-automated approaches were used for the systematic analysis of the language features that were classified into four levels: general language measures, the morphosyntactic level, the lexicosemantic level and the sentence level. Participants showed greater efficiency and produced the greatest number of subordinate clauses, derivational suffixes, passive voice suffixes and relative past tense construction during the Accident Scene description. On the lexicosemantic level, the Picnic Scene was particularly superior to the Cookie Theft Picture in eliciting nouns. Imperfective aspect use was less frequent in the Accident Scene description. All three tasks had limitations and advantages compared with each other. We recommend the development of novel picture description tasks that would be more effective in eliciting specific language features in Turkish-speaking individuals.

An inquiry into the semantic transparency and productivity of German particle verbs and derivational affixation

Abstract This study addresses the relation between morphological productivity and semantic transparency. Using distributional semantics, we compare German word formation using particles with derivational word formation. We observed that derivational suffixes, but not particles, tend to make strong independent semantic contributions to their carrier words. In two-dimensional t-SNE maps, complex words show clustering by affix, but not by particle. Furthermore, the semantic vectors of suffixed words are predictable from their base words with higher accuracy than is possible for particle verbs. For particle verbs, but not affixed verbs, semantic similarity within the set of complex words correlated negatively with the number of types. Furthermore, only for particle verbs, a greater number of observed types predicted a reduced probability of observing unseen types. We propose that particle verbs primarily serve the onomasiological function of labeling, resulting in relatively idiosyncratic semantic vectors. By contrast, words sharing derivational affixes form distinct clusters in semantic space while maintaining strong and consistent semantic relations with their base words. This enables these words to serve not only as labels, but also allows them to be used with an anaphoric function in discourse.

Measuring derivational awareness for Chinese-speaking adolescents

Chinese is a morphologically rich language and converging evidence demonstrates that knowledge of Chinese morphology holds significant relations to several literacy-related skills. However, an area of morphology that has been relatively under-investigated is derivational awareness. Investigations of Chinese derivational morphology have been limited by a lack of technically sound measures. To fill this void, we developed the Chinese Derivational Awareness Measure, which comprises twenty items based on six suffixes. We piloted this measure with Chinese adolescents (n = 174) from seventh and ninth grades to provide reliability and validity evidence. We conducted classical item analysis, nonlinear factor analysis, and bifactor modeling to evaluate the technical qualities of the measure. Results showed that the items were largely adequate based on discrimination indices and various difficulty levels for seventh and ninth grade students. While factor analysis revealed factors related to types of derivational suffixes, bifactor analysis indicated a strongly reliable general factor. These findings support the use of the total score from this newly developed instrument for research on young Chinese learners’ derivational awareness.