Restorative Dentistry Departments Research Articles

Comparing efficacies of various papain-based enzyme agents and 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel in chemomechanical caries removal: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacies of Papacarie Duo gel, Brix 3000, Selecti-Solve gel, 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel, and conventional rotary-mechanical method in caries removal and to evaluate the patient comfort.MethodsIt was a single-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, active-controlled trial with five arms. It was conducted at the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Damascus University. Seventy-five specimens were randomly allocated into five groups: chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) using Selecti-Solve gel (G1), BRIX3000 (G2), Papacarie DUO gel (G3), or 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel (G4), and caries excavation using conventional rotary-mechanical method (G5) (control group). The trial considered healthy patients aged 18–40. Permanent molars with class I carious lesions extending to the middle third of dentin with no pulpal and/or periodontal pathology were included. The efficacy of caries removal was considered the primary outcome measure, and the secondary outcome measures were treatment time, volumetric measurement of the cavity, and pain assessment.ResultsThe majority (73.30%) of cases from BRIX3000 and conventional rotary-mechanical method groups showed complete caries removal (p = 0.982). The mean time of caries removal was the highest (17.45 ± 4.42) in the 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel group (p < 0.05), and the lowest (6.33 ± 1.69) was in the conventional rotary-mechanical method group (p < 0.05). The mean cavity volume was the highest (18.97 ± 9.76) in the Papacarie DUO gel group, and the lowest (14.87 ± 4.76) was in the 2.4% sodium hypochlorite gel group (p = 0.506). The conventional rotary-mechanical group exhibited the highest mean score (5.40 ± 1.72) of pain (p < 0.05). However, the mean score (2.67 ± 1.11) of pain reported reduced in the BRIX3000 group.ConclusionsCMCR agents could be a potential substitute for conventional rotary instrumentation methods, taking into account the long working time.

Assessment of The Impact of Quality of Canal Obturation, Coronal and Apical Seal on The Healing Of CBCT-Diagnosed Periapical Lesions in Endodontically Treated Teeth in Sri Lanka

Background: Previous literature has investigated the association between the attribute of coronal restoration and root canal obturation with the radiographic periapical status of endodontically treated teeth. Objectives: This study intends to assess the status of periapical lesions/pathology and, the main factors influencing the healing of periapical lesions of root canal-treated teeth clinically and radiographically exploiting CBCT. The quality of coronal restoration, canal obturation, and apical seal were selected to be assessed, as they have a greater impact on healing peri apical pathology. Method: This analysis was conducted at the Department of Restorative Dentistry and the Division of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. All the patients who presented between January 2020 and January 2021, had root canal treatment done at least one year prior, were referred for CBCT assessment for some other conditions, and fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were selected. Root canal-treated teeth were recognized by radio-opaque filling material inside the canals in any anterior or posterior teeth. Results: A sum of 50 CBCT reports from 50 patients was encompassed in the dissertation. Median age was 26 (±4) years, with 37.5% of reports belonging to males. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software (IBM Corp). Out of fifty patients, 32 had been found to have adequate clinical coronal seal while 31 have been found to have adequate radiographical coronal seal. Further, 31 patients were found to have insufficient obturation and 28 were found to have adequate apical seal. A significant association was observed between periapical healing and adequate coronal restoration in root-filled teeth (p=0.048). However, the association between the healing of the periapical region, and adequate root canal obturation (p=0.09) and adequate apical seal (p=0.777) were found to be non-significant. Conclusion: The most influential factor for the healing of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth appears to be adequate coronal restoration, compared to root canal obturation and apical seal, in a cohort of patients in Sri Lanka

Audit on Effectiveness of the Dental Information System Utilisation by Dental Post-graduates and Academicians at the Department of Restorative Dentistry

Abstract Introduction: A Dental Information System (DEISY) is a web-based application that facilitates data collection, retrieval of the history of patients and exchange of information on treatments performed for similar cases. Patient information and record keeping are essential for record management and follow-up for treatments conducted. A digital management system will improve the effectiveness and efficacy of the entire process. Aims: The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the DEISY system among dental post-graduates and the dental academicians of the restorative department. Methodology: Participants were required to fill out the questionnaire through the Google Form. Information gathered includes the clinician’s usage of DEISY, their experience, expectations and recommendations to improve the existing system for a more effective way of managing the patient’s healthcare records. The data were collected, and descriptive analysis was performed. Results: A total of 40 questionnaires were sent to the participants. About 70.4% of them responded that they will key in the patients, 29.6% of them will sometimes key in and about 7.4% of them will not key in these records at all. In line with this, approximately 66.7% responded that they will key in the outcome of the treatment on their own for each patient, whereas 7.4% do not key in the outcome of the treatment to the DEISY system. Conclusion: All participants realise the importance of the DEISY system but fail to utilise it due to technical difficulties. Without a doubt, utilising such system will provide more advantages than disadvantages.

Evaluation of Dentistry Students’ Perspectives of Specialization in Restorative Dentistry

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the perspectives of the students studying at the faculty of dentistry on the specialization in the field of restorative treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 139 students, comprising 4th and 5th graders enrolled at the XXX University Faculty of Dentistry, participated in the study. Of these, 71 students were in the 4th grade, while 68 were in the 5th grade. Students were administered a 10-question questionnaire about their evaluation of specialization in dentistry. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using the chi-square test. The statistical significance of the findings is at a level of p&amp;lt;0.05. Results: The most popular specialty in dentistry is Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, with 45.3% of respondents selecting it as their first choice. The majority of respondents, at 66.9%, reported that they first became aware of the Restorative Dentistry department within the preclinical department. According to the survey, 47.5% of the students stated that the Restorative Dentistry department was primarily influenced by their clinical experience. Conclusion: It is widely acknowledged that the preclinical period is a critical juncture in shaping dental students' initial impressions of various specialties. Furthermore, a range of factors, including clinical exposure, income expectations, and personal interests, play a significant role in determining the specialty that a student may choose to pursue.

Introduction of Laboratory Endodontics: Evaluating the Perception of the Undergraduate Clinical Dental Students at a Nigerian University

Background: Root canal treatment (RCT) forms a part of the requirements for graduation for dental students. The students are expected to perform the procedure during their clinical training. However, most students are presented to the clinic without formal laboratory practical training.&#x0D; Aim: To introduce laboratory endodontic training and evaluate the perception of Nigerian undergraduate clinical dental students about the program.&#x0D; Methodology: A two-day hands-on training on RCT was done for a set of final-year dental students in the operative technique laboratory of the Department of Restorative Dentistry of the Institution. The training included taking the participants through all the steps involved in RCT. The participants performed all the stages of RCT on extracted lower molar teeth mounted on a phantom head with paraffin wax. Each student performed the two methods of biomechanical preparation taught: manual and rotary instrumentation, and later evaluated the training in terms of confidence and preparation for clinical exposure.&#x0D; Result: Twenty-one (53.9%) students within the age range of 23 to 30 years and a mean age of 25.4±1.7years completed the program. The majority, (81%) of the participants claimed the hands-on demonstration was very helpful in performing the procedure, and all submitted it will help their confidence during clinical exposure to RCT. The participants further suggested the incorporation of training into the regular school program.&#x0D; Conclusion: The laboratory endodontic hands-on training was accepted by all the participants, and it was opined that it will boost their confidence in performing the procedure in the clinic.

Role of endodontic treatment related signs for the forensic odontology practice considering real-life quality of comparable radiographs

Background. Real life quality of periapical radiographic images widely varies, while also periapical radiographs not always have been taken at the same angulation, especially in multirooted tooth cases, which in turn potentially may limit the value of obtained information received during endodontic treatment for the further comparative dental identification.&#x0D; Objective. To objectify possibility of using real-life quality periapical radiographs obtained during endodontic treatment for the comparative dental identification.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. Research was organized in the form of cross-sectional hospital-based study. Copies of ten pairs of selected radiographs were distributed for the Set 1 (simulation of ante-mortem images), which contained 10 radiographs of before root canal treatment, and Set 2 (simulation of post-mortem images), which contained 10 radiographs of after endodontic interventions. Set 1 and Set 2 images were randomized, and structured via Google Form, and five teaching assistants from the Department of Restorative Dentistry were asked to match the images through provided Google Form. &#x0D; Results. The range of 50-80% correct pre- and post-treatment images matching levels were registered among five operators. The mean correct matching level reached 68.0 ± 7.2%. Experience within endodontics seems to be valuable regressor regarding outcome performance (p &lt; 0.05), while additional Radiology specialization did not significantly improved performance level for matching pre- and post-treatment images (p &gt; 0.05). Operator graded 5 out of 10 images pair as relatively easy to match, 2 images – as moderately difficult to match, and 3 images – as hard to match (Fig. 3), while their agreement on the obtained above-mentioned scores reached 0.8.&#x0D; Conclusion. Significance of endodontics within forensic odontology field in most cases dictated by using the results of periapical radiology as evidences of ante-mortem origin, while also considering the fact of root canal morphology uniqueness and individualized endodontic treatment pattern consistency both ante- and post-mortem even under the influence of various disturbing factors. On the other hand identification role of endodontic signs may be diminished within the absence of proper quality radiographs, or when such were provided at critically different angulations, while also when endodontic-related evidences could not be supported by dental records.

A survey on utilization and barriers of digital removable prostheses in the US dental education.

Gaining knowledge on the extent of digital technology implementation in dental education and the barriers to it will help inform future directions to promote the use of such technology and will enhance dental education. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of digitally fabricated removable prostheses and the potential obstacles to implementing such technology in US dental schools. A survey was developed and distributed to the restorative dentistry department chairs and postdoctoral prosthodontic program directors. The survey delivery protocol included follow-up emails 1 week, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks after the initial email. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The response rate was 85% and 45% for predoctoral and postdoctoral prosthodontic programs, respectively. The results showed that 88.06% of the predoctoral programs and 95.65% of the postdoctoral prosthodontic programs implement digital complete dentures in the curriculum; however, the digital removable partial dentures implementation rate was recorded at 70.77% in predoctoral programs and 61.9% in postdoctoral prosthodontic programs. Dental schools are challenged by cost, design software limitations, IT and laboratory support, and faculty training. Multifaceted support is instrumental in further implementing digital removable prosthodontics into dental education.

Using patient feedback to develop patient information tools in dentistry.

Journal of Dental EducationAccepted Articles ADVANCING THROUGH INNOVATION Using patient feedback to develop patient information tools in dentistry Kirsty Ailie Carney Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Corresponding Author Kirsty Ailie Carney Bachelor of Dental Surgery [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-2260-5142 Dental Core Trainee in Restorative Dentistry and Quality Improvement, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UK Correspondence Kirsty Carney, Dundee Dental Education Centre, Smalls Wynd, Dundee, DD1 4HN. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJulie Kilgariff Consultant in Endodontics, Julie Kilgariff Consultant in Endodontics Consultant in Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UKSearch for more papers by this authorThomas Lamont Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Thomas Lamont Consultant in Restorative Dentistry Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UKSearch for more papers by this author Kirsty Ailie Carney Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Corresponding Author Kirsty Ailie Carney Bachelor of Dental Surgery [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-2260-5142 Dental Core Trainee in Restorative Dentistry and Quality Improvement, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UK Correspondence Kirsty Carney, Dundee Dental Education Centre, Smalls Wynd, Dundee, DD1 4HN. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJulie Kilgariff Consultant in Endodontics, Julie Kilgariff Consultant in Endodontics Consultant in Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UKSearch for more papers by this authorThomas Lamont Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Thomas Lamont Consultant in Restorative Dentistry Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School, Dundee, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.13300 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.13300 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Accepted ArticlesAccepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future. RelatedInformation

Developing procedural metrics for training in class II posterior composite resin restorations: Outcomes from an international Delphi panel

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop and operationally define procedural performance metrics for the Class II posterior composite resin restoration procedure and to obtain face and content validity through a consensus meeting. MethodsA Metrics Group consisting of 4 experienced Consultants in Restorative Dentistry, an experienced member of staff from the Restorative Dentistry department in CUDSH and a senior behavioural scientist and education/training expert deconstructed the performance of the Class II posterior composite resin restoration and defined performance metrics. At a modified Delphi meeting, 20 experts in the field of Restorative Dentistry from 11 different Dental Institutions critiqued these metrics and their operational definitions before reaching consensus. ResultsInitially performance metrics consisting of 15 Phases, 45 steps, 42 errors and 34 critical errors were identified that characterize the performance of the Class II posterior resin composite procedure. During the Delphi panel these were modified and consensus was reached on 15 Phases (with a change to the initial sequence) with 46 Steps (1 added, 13 modified), 37 Errors (2 added, 1 deleted, 6 reclassified as Critical Error), and 43 Critical Errors (9 added). Consensus on the resulting metrics was obtained and face and content validity verified. ConclusionsIt is possible to develop and objectively define performance metrics that comprehensively characterize a Class II posterior composite resin restoration. It is also possible to achieve consensus on the metrics from a Delphi panel of experts and to confirm the face and content validity of those procedure metrics.

Relationship between dental anxiety levels and oral health among dental patients in Turkey: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the relationship between dental anxiety and oral health in adult patients who applied to the Department of Restorative Dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry at Suleyman Demirel University.MethodsThe study included 500 subjects. The dental anxiety levels of the patients were determined using a modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS). Information on sociodemographic details, oral hygiene and nutritional habits were recorded. Intraoral examinations of the subjects were performed. Caries prevalence of individuals was determined using the decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed, missing, or filled surfaces (DMFS) indices. Gingival health was evaluated using the gingival index (GI). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square tests and Spearman correlation analysis.ResultsThe ages of the 276 female and 224 male participants ranged from 18–84 years. The median MDAS value was 9.00. The median DMFT and DMFS values were 10.00 and 23.00, respectively. The median MDAS values ​​of women were higher than those of men. Individuals who postponed their appointment had a higher MDAS median value than those who did not (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.05). No statistically significant correlation was found between dental anxiety level (MDAS) and GI, DMFT and DMFS index scores (Spearman correlation analysis, p > 0.05).ConclusionThe MDAS values of individuals who did not remember the reason for their dental visit were higher than those who visited the dentist for routine control. Based on the findings of this study, further research on the relationship between dental anxiety and oral health is necessary to determine the factors that pose a risk for dental anxiety and to ensure the regular benefits of dental services.

Changing tide: Student perceptions of remote virtual examinations over time.

Journal of Dental EducationAccepted Articles ADVANCING THROUGH INNOVATION Changing tide: Student perceptions of remote virtual examinations over time Kristie Kaczmarek BS, Kristie Kaczmarek BS DMD candidate at Harvard School of Dental MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorHiroe Ohyama DDSMMScPhDDMD, Corresponding Author Hiroe Ohyama DDSMMScPhDDMD [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-1671 Department of Restorative Dentistry, and Biomaterials Sciences at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine Correspondence Hiroe Ohyama DDS, MMSc, PhD, DMD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Kristie Kaczmarek BS, Kristie Kaczmarek BS DMD candidate at Harvard School of Dental MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorHiroe Ohyama DDSMMScPhDDMD, Corresponding Author Hiroe Ohyama DDSMMScPhDDMD [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-1671 Department of Restorative Dentistry, and Biomaterials Sciences at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine Correspondence Hiroe Ohyama DDS, MMSc, PhD, DMD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 29 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.13243 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.13243 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Accepted ArticlesAccepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future. RelatedInformation

Rubber dam application in clinical practice: a study on the patient perspective

Aims: The present study aimed to elicit the views of patients, applying to our faculty for dental treatment, on rubber dam application. Methods: We recruited 250 patients, who applied to Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry for dental treatment, in this study upon their informed consent. Following routine clinical and radiological examinations, the patients undergoing dental procedures with rubber dams were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their views on the application. Accordingly, while the patients’ characteristics and responses to the questionnaire are shown descriptively, we sought the relationships between the categorical variables using a chi-square test. All statistical analyses were performed on the IBM SPSS 25.0 program. Results: The findings revealed that rubber dams were applied to 85.6% of the patients for the first time. In this sense, the majority of the patients (86.8%) found the treatment with rubber dams more comfortable than their previous treatments. It was discovered that the patients were uncomfortable the most when being unable to communicate with the physician during the treatment. About half of the patients (52.8%) found the most comforting aspect of rubber dam application to be the absence of water accumulation in the mouths. Besides, we found a significant association between gender and the most disturbing aspect of rubber dam application. Accordingly, while 42.6% of the female patients reported having difficulty swallowing or breathing, 40% of the male patients reported being uncomfortable when being unable to rinse their mouth and communicate with the physician during the treatment. Finally, almost all patients (93.2%) stated that they would prefer rubber dam application on their next visit. Conclusion: Despite the advantages of rubber dam application, clinicians hold a belief that patients may be disturbed by the application for various reasons. Yet, our findings showed vice versa; most patients were not disturbed by the application, and even they would prefer it on their future visit. Thus, addressing rubber dam applications in undergraduate and postgraduate education would help improve patient comfort and the quality of dental procedures.

An efficient annotation method for image recognition of dental instruments

To prevent needlestick injury and leftover instruments, and to perform efficient dental treatment, it is important to know the instruments required during dental treatment. Therefore, we will obtain a dataset for image recognition of dental treatment instruments, develop a system for detecting dental treatment instruments during treatment by image recognition, and evaluate the performance of the system to establish a method for detecting instruments during treatment. We created an image recognition dataset using 23 types of instruments commonly used in the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology at Osaka University Dental Hospital and a surgeon’s hands as detection targets. Two types of datasets were created: one annotated with only the characteristic parts of the instruments, and the other annotated with the entire parts of instruments. YOLOv4 and YOLOv7 were used as the image recognition system. The performance of the system was evaluated in terms of two metrics: detection accuracy (DA), which indicates the probability of correctly detecting the number of target instruments in an image, and the average precision (AP). When using YOLOv4, the mean DA and AP were 89.3% and 70.9%, respectively, when the characteristic parts of the instruments were annotated and 85.3% and 59.9%, respectively, when the entire parts of the instruments were annotated. When using YOLOv7, the mean DA and AP were 89.7% and 80.8%, respectively, when the characteristic parts of the instruments were annotated and 84.4% and 63.5%, respectively, when the entire parts of the instruments were annotated. The detection of dental instruments can be performed efficiently by targeting the parts characterizing them.

Bridging the gap between self-assessmentand faculty assessment of clinical performance in restorative dentistry: A prospective pilot study.

Purpose/ObjectivesThe current study was undertaken to investigate whether self‐assessment of clinical skills of undergraduate dental students could be bridged with faculty assessment by deliberate training over an extended period. A secondary aim was to explore students' perception of self‐assessment and its effect on their learning and motivation.Material and MethodsA prospective pilot study was conducted at the Department of Restorative Dentistry at Damascus University. Sixteen students participated in the study, ranging in age between 22 and 23 years. A modified Direct Observation of Procedural Skills form with a grading rubric was used to register and guide students' self‐assessment; both were pretested on four students before the study. In total, four clinical encounters were completed by each student. Students were trained on how to conduct proper self‐assessment before and after each clinical encounter. A postcourse questionnaire was used to investigate students' perception of self‐assessment.ResultsBias in self‐assessment decreased consistently after each encounter, and the difference in bias between the first (bias = 0.77) and the last encounter (bias = 0.21) was significant with a medium effect size (p = .022, d = 0.64). The percentage of disconfirming performance dimensions decreased from 39.7% to 26.9%. Students' ability to exactly pinpoint strengths improved consistently and significantly. However, their ability to pinpoint areas of improvement was volatile and showed no significant difference. Bland–Altman graph plots showed higher levels of agreement between self‐assessment and faculty assessment. Moreover, students' perception of self‐assessment was very positive overall.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the possibility that the gap between self‐assessment and faculty assessment could be bridged through deliberate training. Future longitudinal research using a larger sample size is still required to further explore whether self‐assessment can be actively bridged with faculty assessment by deliberate training.

The Lipstick.

1L. Rapp is PhD student, Maintain Aging Research team, and researcher, INSERM Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; member, Cancer Ageing and Rejuvenation (CARe) Graduate School; and doctor of dental surgery, Conservative and Restorative Dentistry Department, Geriatric Dentistry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; e-mail: [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0003-0908-694X. 2J.-N. Vergnes is full professor, Maintain Aging Research team, INSERM Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; and adjunct professor, Oral Health and Society Division, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ORCID: 0000-0001-7322-6551; Twitter:@JnVergnes. Acknowledgments: The authors are attached to the Inspire Platform, which is supported by grants from the Region Occitanie/Pyrénées-Méditerranée (Reference number: 1901175) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Project number: MP0022856); the Inspire Chairs of Excellence are funded by grants from the Alzheimer Prevention in Occitania and Catalonia (APOC), EDENIS, KORIAN, Pfizer, and Pierre-Fabre and to the CARe Graduate School, which is funded through the grant EUR CARe N°ANR-18-EURE-0003 in the framework of the Programme des Investissements d'Avenir.

Commentary on "The Lipstick".

1L. Rapp is a PhD student, Maintain Aging Research team, and researcher, INSERM Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, member, Cancer Ageing and Rejuvenation (CARe) Graduate School, and doctor of dental surgery, Conservative and Restorative Dentistry Department, Geriatric Dentistry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; email: [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0003-0908-694X. 2J.-N. Vergnes is full professor, Maintain Aging Research team, INSERM Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, and adjunct professor, Oral Health and Society Division, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Twitter: @JnVergnes; ORCID: 0000-0001-7322-6551. See facing page for “The Lipstick,” by Lucie Rapp, DDS, and Jean-Noel Vergnes, DDS, PhD. Commentary first published online March 29, 2022.

Apical Sealing Ability of Experimental Apatite Calcium Phosphate based Coated Gutta-percha Points

Aims: This study aimed to assess the apical sealing ability of experimental apatite-coated gutta-percha points compared to various coated gutta-percha root filling materials.&#x0D; Study Design: Experimental in-vitro study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, June 2014 and November 2014.&#x0D; Methodology: Ninety-six extracted permanent maxillary central incisors were standardized and prepared by ProTaper universal rotary files. The specimens were allocated into six groups (n=15) and filled using matching single cone technique as follows; EndoREZ points with EndoREZ sealer, Bioceramic coated points (BCGP), Active GP (ActiV GP), Conventional gutta-percha (GP), apatite coated GP (HAGP) all in combination with Endosequence BC sealer. The sixth group was filled using cold lateral compaction of Conventional GP and Endosequence BC sealer. The specimens were subjected to a dye leakage test. The remaining six teeth were divided equally to be used as a negative and positive control. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the post hoc Dunnett T3 test was performed for data analysis, and the significance value was set at P =.05.&#x0D; Results: ActiV GP had the least leakage followed by BCGP, HAGP, cold lateral compaction, conventional GP, and EndoRez.&#x0D; Conclusion: HAGP as root canal filling showed favourable sealing ability comparable to ActiV GP, BCGP, and conventional GP and it was superior to EndoREZ.

BAŞLANGIÇ OKLUZAL ÇÜRÜKLERE UYGULANAN İKİ FARKLI NANO KOMPOZİTİN İKİ YILLIK KLİNİK PERFORMANSI

Amaç: Bu çalışmada; başlangıç okluzal çürüklerin tedavisinde kullanılan nanokompozitlerin 2 yıllık klinik performanslarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya katılan bireyler, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Restoratif Diş Tedavisi Kliniğine başvuran, en az 2 adet başlangıç okluzal çürüğü bulunan hastalar arasından seçildi (yaş aralığı 18-30). Restore edilecek dişler görsel muayene yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Radyografilerin incelenmesinden sonra DIAGNodent pen ile ölçümler yapıldı. Dişlere; minimal invaziv okluzal kavite preparasyonu yapıldıktan sonra kondanse edilebilen bir nanokompozit (Quixfil, Dentsply) ve akışkan nanokompozit (SureFil SDR Flow, Dentsply) üretici firmanın önerileri doğrultusunda uygulandı. Çalışmaya katılan 23’ü kadın 20’si erkek olmak üzere 43 gönüllü bireye 356 adet restorasyon yapıldı. Kompozit restorasyonlar, başlangıç, 6., 12., 18., 24. aylarda modifiye USPHS kriterlerine göre değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel değerlendirme için “Pearson Chi-square”, “Fisher Exact” ve “Cochran Q” testleri kullanıldı (p<0.05). Bulgular: 24 ay sonunda 38 hastada 316 adet restorasyon değerlendirildi. Tüm modifiye USPHS kriterleri için restorasyon grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Her grubun kendi içinde, kenar uyumu, kenar renklenmesi, anatomik form ve hassasiyet kriterlerinin zaman içindeki değişimi anlamlıyken (p<0.001); retansiyon, renk uyumu, sekonder çürük, yüzey yapısı, kriterlerinin değişimi anlamlı bulunmadı (p>0.05) Sonuç: Bu çalışmada her iki rezin kompozitin başlangıç okluzal çürüklerin tedavisinde klinik olarak kabul edilebilir bir performans gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar kelime: Nanokompozit, Başlangıç Okluzal Çürük, Klinik Performans, Dıagnodent Pen. CLINICAL PERFORMANCE OF TWO DIFFERENT NANO COMPOSITES IN INITIAL OCCLUSAL CARIES : TWO YEARS RESULTS ABSTRACT Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the two-year clinical performance of one condansable nano composite and one flowable nanocomposite in minimal occlusal cavities. Material and methods: Patients were selected from who visiting the Hacettepe University School of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry for the teratment of occlusal caries (age range 18-30 years). At the beginning of treatment, teeth were diagnosed by visual inspection with a mirror and lesions were evaluated with periapical and bitewing radiographs. After that to achieve standardization measurements were made with the DIAGNOdent Pen. 20 male and 23 female subjects participated to study. A total of 356 occlusal cavities were restored with condansable nano composite (Quixfil, Dentsply) and flowable nano composite (SureFil SDR Flow, Dentsply) according to manufacturers’ instructions. All restorations were placed by one operator. The restorations were evaluated clinically within 1 week after placement and after 6., 12., 18., 24. months using modified USPHS criteria by one examiner. Statistical analysis was completed using Pearson Chi-square, Fisher- Exact and Cochran Q tests (p<0,05). Results: At the end of 24 months; in 38 patients 316 restorations were evaluated. No statistically significant differences were found between two resin composites (p>0.05). There were significant differences between time zones with each restoration group for marginal adaptaion, marginal discoloration, anatomic form, post operative sensitivity (p<0.001). Interms of Retantion, color match, seconder caries, surface texture no significant differences have been found in each restorative materials groups (p>0,05). Conclusion: It was concluded that; different types of resin composites demonstrated acceptable clinical performance in initial occlusal caries. Keywords: nanocomposite, initial occlusa caries, clinical performance, DIAGNOdent Pen

Psychosocial impacts, perceived stress, and learning effects during the transition from preclinical to clinical dental education: Validation and translation of a questionnaire

During the first experiences of clinical treatment, dental students face various challenges. The purpose of the study is to standardize the questionnaire as a suitable tool for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of psychosocial impact, stress levels, and learning effect of dental students during the transition from preclinical to clinical education in Persian. In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire including three areas of psychosocial impact, perceived stress, and learning effect was systematically translated. In the group of experts, face validity was examined. Then, the content validity ratio (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI) were determined. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method and the Cohen's Kappa coefficient. In a cross-sectional study, the psychosocial impact, stress levels, and learning effect of all students newly admitted to the endodontic, prosthetics, periodontics, and restorative dentistry departments of Shahid Beheshti Dental School (128 people) were measured. Mann-Whitney and Spearman-Rho were used for statistical analysis (P = 0.05). During the CVR and CVI evaluation, 12 statements were removed from the questionnaire, and one statement was changed. All valid statements of the questionnaire were considered reliable. The initial questionnaire was finally developed in the form of 27 items. Interest in clinical treatment and collaboration between students and faculty had the greatest psychosocial effects. The highest level of stress among students was seen in the endodontic ward (mean = 3.8). The greatest effect of learning was seen in different sections in infection control (mean >4). This study provided a standardized tool in Persian to evaluate the psychosocial impacts, perceived stress, and learning effect of dental students during the transition to clinical education and focused on the first clinical treatment experiences. One important psychosocial factor was collegiality between teachers and students. The ability to communicate well with the patient is thought to reduce stress.

The transitional care pathway following traumatic dental injuries: Patient perspectives.

The nature of complex traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) often means that management continues through paediatric to adult dental services. Evidence suggests that failure in transitional care can have detrimental impacts on health. There is limited evidence regarding patients' experiences of transitional care pathways (TCPs) in dentistry. The aim of this study was to investigate the views and experiences of the TCP from paediatric to adult care for individuals who have experienced TDIs. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken. Ethical approval was granted by the Health Research Authority and sponsored by the University of Liverpool. Inclusion criteria included individuals aged 16 to 21years old who had received care in both paediatric and adult restorative dentistry departments at Liverpool University Dental Hospital following a TDI. Five purposively sampled patients were interviewed. Thematic analysis was undertaken using NVivo. Thematic analysis identified 5main themes with regard to transitional care experience: patient-clinician communication, impact of dental trauma, feelings of uncertainty, patient personal development and transitional care planning. Feelings of uncertainty with regard to the long-term prognosis of traumatized teeth were highlighted. Clear communication and involvement of young people in decision-making was identified as a vital factor to facilitate a successful TCP experience. The involvement of young people in decision-making is essential for a successful TCP. Consideration should be given to development of TCP guidance, to allow for the provision of timely and consistent information regarding the process. Despite this, there needs to be adaptivity within the TCP to create a successful TCP for every young person.