Denture Cleansers Research Articles

In vitro comparative assessment of the denture cleansers effectiveness on the surface hardness of permanent silicone denture line

The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the impact of various denture cleaners on the surface hardness of permanent silicone denture lines. In the present study, 124 specimens were included comprising of soft liners made of permanent silicone, which were made from the 15 mm x 10 mm custom metal mold dimensions, where 62 samples were made of Molossil™ and 62 other of Voco™ which are commercially available liners for permanent dentures. These samples were then divided into 4 groups of equal specimen numbers (n=32) depending on the cleansing treatments. Group I specimens were cleaned with water daily, and Group II Polident™ Group III was given SecureTM denture cleaning solution, while Group IV was given PeriogardTM denture cleaning solution. The samples were assessed at 1st week, 1st month, and 6th month after cleanser use. The study results showed that at the 6th-month follow-up after the use of denture cleansers, all of the samples had considerably increased surface hardness compared to the baseline. Statistically significant results were seen with Periogard™, Secure™, and Polident™ compared to Group I controls. In Voco™ denture liners, minor changes were seen compared to Molossil™ soft liners with time in all the groups. The results of this investigation are significantly well cleansing action is seen with Voco™ soft denture lining material compared to Mollosil™ soft denture lining material, and surface hardness is least affected by Polident™ denture cleanser compared to Secure™ and Periogard™ denture cleansing agents.

Transversal Strength of Heat Cured Acrylic Resin in Immersion of Extract Annona muricata L. Effervescent

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Heat cured acrylic resin is one of the most widely used denture bases. Patients need to keep the removable denture clean so they don’t adversely affect the patients. Natural ingredients such as soursop leaves (Anonna muricata L.) are known with its benefits so they can be used as a denture cleanser. This research aimed to study the transversal strength of heat cured acrylic resin in immersion of extract Anonna muricata L. effervescent with various concentrations (25%, 35% and 45%). Methods: 24 samples of heat cured acrylic with size of 65mm x 10mm x 2,5mm randomly divided in 4 groups. The control group, the 25%, the 35%, and the 45% immersed in 15 minutes 3 time a day for 10 days. The transversal strength measured by Universal Machine Test (Shimadzu) and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis. Results: The average transversal strength of the control group showed 118,59 MPa, 25% group showed 114.35 MPa, 35% group showed 117.28 MPa, and 45% showed 111,32 MPa. Based on Kruskal-Wallis, there are no significant differences with a significant value p>0,05 (p=0,886). Conclusion: The highest tranversal strength was found in control group whilst the lowest transversal strength found in group of 45% concentrations. Immersion of heat cured acrylic resin in 25%, 35% and 45% concentration of extract Anonna muricata L. effervescent did not affect the transversal strength of the material.

Antifungal effects of eugenol on Candida albicans adherence to denture polymers.

The study's objective is to assess the adherence of C. albicans in different types of denture polymers and the effectiveness of eugenol and commercialized denture cleansers in the removal of C. albicans. Three types of denture base polymers (Lucitone® 199 (High-Impact PMMA), Impact® (conventional PMMA) and Eclipse® (UDMA)) and two hard denture reline materials (Kooliner® and Tokuyama® Rebase II Fast) were used in this study. Three hundred samples were prepared (6 × 2 mm disc shape) and divided into five groups of denture polymers (n=60) and further subjected into five treatment groups (Polident®, Steradent, distilled water, eugenol 5-minutes, and eugenol 10-min). Three samples were extracted from each treatment group for baseline data (n=12). Baseline data were used to calculate the initial number of C. albicans adherence. A 0.5 ml immersion solution from each specimen was cultured on YPD agar and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. Visible colonies were counted using a colony counter machine (ROCKER Galaxy 230). The result showed that the denture base polymer significantly affected the initial adherence (p=0.007). The removal of C. albicans was also considerably affected by the denture base polymers and denture cleansers (p<0.05). Lucitone®, Tokuyama®, and Kooliner® denture base polymers immersed for 3 min in eugenol showed the best results of removal. This study's overall results showed that all denture polymers used as denture bases had an effect on C. albicans initial adherence and removal from the denture base, and eugenol is comparable to commercialised denture cleansers in reducing the number of attached C. albicans on denture base polymers.

Effect of denture cleansers on color stability and surface roughness of denture bases fabricated from three different techniques: Conventional heat-polymerizing, CAD/CAM additive, and CAD/CAM subtractive manufacturing.

Denture base materials are commonly exposed to different denture cleansers which can affect their essential properties. This study aimed to assess the effect of denture cleansers on color stability and surface roughness of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases fabricated from different techniques: Conventional heat-polymerizing, CAD/CAM additive and CAD/CAM subtractive. In this in vitro study, 24 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated by the mentioned methods for each group. The initial color and surface roughness of specimens were recorded. The specimens were randomly divided into three subgroups (n = 8): a control subgroup (distilled water), and two experimental subgroups of bioactive oxygen tablet (Corega) and 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. Then they were immersed in the solutions simulating 180 days of clinical use. Color change (∆E) was measured by a spectrophotometer according to the CIE L*a*b* color space and the American National Bureau of Standards (NBS = 0.92 × ∆E). Final surface roughness was recorded by a profilometer and its change was calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for statistical analyses (α = .05). The conventional and CAD/CAM subtractive groups showed an increase in surface roughness following immersion in hypochlorite solution (p < .05). After immersion in the solutions, the highest surface roughness was noted in the conventional group, and the lowest in the CAD/CAM additive group. The CAD/CAM additive group experienced a significant color change in hypochlorite solution (p < .05) and showed the highest color change while the CAD/CAM subtractive group showed the lowest color change in all denture cleanser solutions. Although the CAD/CAM additive denture base resins had the lowest surface roughness after exposure to denture cleanser solutions, they showed significant color change, which should be taken into account. Using hypochlorite as a denture cleanser should be cautioned due to its negative effects on the surface roughness and color stability of denture base materials.

Novel Denture Cleanser Formulated From Virgin Coconut Oil and The Anionic Emulsifier Against Candida albicans Biofilms Formed on 96-Wells Plate and Acrylic Resin Surfaces

Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the inhibitory effect of coconut oil denture-cleansing (CDC) formula against Candida albicans biofilm formed on 96-wells plate and acrylic surfaces at various immersion times and to determine the effects on physical properties of heat-cured acrylic surfaces. A total of twenty-seven CDC formulas were prepared. All CDC formulas were evaluated the stability and anticandidal activity by freeze-defrost cycles and broth microdilution assays, respectively. The formula 22th (F22) containing 0.3 g of anionic emulsifier at a ratio 40:60 of virgin coconut oil to distilled water showed the highest stability and anticandidal activity. The percent inhibition against C. albicans biofilm formed on 96-well plate and acrylic resin surfaces of the F22 after 8 hours of immersion were 86.87 ± 0.65%, and 91.19 ± 1.81%, respectively. However, the F22 had significantly lower inhibitory activity than 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (P &lt;0.05). Furthermore, flexural strength of acrylic resin specimens was determined using a 3-point bending test and surface roughness was measured with a profilometer. The flexural strength and the change in surface roughness of F22 were not significant different compared with chlorhexidine and distilled water after 8 hours immersion for 30 days (P &gt;0.05). In conclusions, F22 which containing 0.3 g of anionic emulsifier at the ratio of coconut oil to distilled water at 40:60 exhibited the potent inhibitory activity to Candida albicans biofilms and had no significant effect on the flexural strength and surface roughness of acrylic resins after immersion for 30 days. Keywords: Denture cleanser, Coconut oil, Anionic emulsifier, Biofilm, Candida albicans, Acrylic resins

Perbedaan durasi perendaman ekstrak biji alpukat (persea americana) dan aquades pada resin akrilik heat cured

Background: Tooth loss has a negative impact on a person's quality of life such as pain, dissatisfaction with appearance and poor speech ability. Loss of teeth either partially or completely can be treated using dentures. One of the most commonly used dentures is polymethyl methacrylate. Acrylic resin has advantages such as good aesthetics and disadvantages can absorb liquids which can cause dimensional changes. Continuous use of acrylic resin can cause inflammation of the mucosal tissue such as denture stomatitis. Prevention of denture stomatitis by keeping dentures clean and cleaning dentures regularly. Denture cleaning can be done by using a toothbrush, soaking dentures in a disinfectant solution or both. The ideal denture cleaning agent has characteristics that do not damage the materials used in the manufacture of dentures including polymers. The use of safe cleaning agents derived from plants, one of which is avocado. Avocado seed extract (Persea americana) effectively inhibits microorganisms found in the oral cavity. Objective: To determine the effect of soaking in avocado seed extract (Persea americana) on dimension changes in heat cured acrylic resin. Methods: This type of research was a laboratory experiment with a group pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted on 32 rectangular specimens with a size of 20 x 10 x 3 mm. 32 specimens were divided into 2 groups, the first group with distilled water and the second group with avocado seed extract. Results: Data were collected using Friedman's test and Wilcoxon's follow-up test. It showed that there was a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in acrylic resin soaked in distilled water and avocado seed extract (Persea americana) after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of immersion. Conclusion: There are differences in soaking in avocado seed extract (Persea americana) and distilled water against heat cured acrylic resin.

Dampak pemberian instruksi pembersihan gigi tiruan lengkap dengan menggunakan leaflet terhadap kualitas hidup lansia (kajian di panti wreda kasih bapa, pontianak tenggara)

Patient instruction is a crucial factor that could affect the outcome of complete denture treatment. Leaflet is one of the written media that is frequently utilized to provide information and instruction. Effective instruction will help patients maintain good behavior towards cleaning their dentures thus affecting their quality of life. This study aims to determine the impact of written instructions with the use of leaflet regarding complete denture cleaning on the oral health related quality of life in elderly patients. 36 elderly patients are interviewed and instructed with leaflet. The quality of life is assessed with OHIP-EDENT questionnaire. Data is collected twice, before the patients were given the instructions 1 month after the patients were given the instructions. Before receiving written instructions, most of the patients have a moderate quality of life (86,11%). After receiving instructions most of the patients have good quality of life (55,56%). Statistical test showed significant impact of leaflet instruction regarding complete denture cleaning on the oral health related quality of life of elderly patients. There is a significant impact of written complete denture cleaning instructions on the oral health related quality of life on elderly patients.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca L) Terhadap Candida albicans dan Streptococcus mutans Sebagai Pembersih Basis Akrilik Gigi Tiruan Lepasan

Background: Banana peels are always thrown away because they are considered items that cannot be eaten or reused, but recent study prove that it contains effective ingredients that can be used as antibacterial and antifungal agent. Kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L) can kill and inhibit certain types of bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca L) as a denture cleanser on the removable denture acrylic plate. Methods: This is an experimental laboratory using 48 denture acrylic plates, size 10x10x2 mm. Kepok banana peels were extracted by maceration technique to concentration of 25%, 50% and 75% and used aquadest as control group. Moreover, 24 acrylic plates in each group that cultured by Candida albicans ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 10231 dan dan Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were soaked into four solutions (6 plates in each treatment), then total colony was counted by the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The data was analyzed by computerized by one-way Annova with posttest only-control group design. Results: Reducing the amount of Candida albicans was most effective at a concentration of 75% with an average of 62.33 ± 25.91 (p=0.000), meanwhile the 50% concentration was the most effective on Streptococcus mutans with an average of 0.43 ± 0.41 (p=0.035). Conclusion: Kepok banana peel extract had an good effect on reducing the number of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans colonies on the removable denture acrylic plates.

Sargassum polycystum and Turbinaria conoides Seaweed-based Novel Denture Cleanser: An In Vitro Study.

The study ventures into evaluating the antifungal and antibacterial efficacy of commercially available denture cleanser with Sargassum polycystum, Turbinaria conoides seaweeds, and the combination of seaweeds. Poly(methyl methacrylate) disks measuring 10 × 2 mm were fabricated. The samples are divided into four groups of 21 samples each. The denture base was coated with Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans individually. Group I was treated with Fittydent, group II (S. polycystum and T. conoides seaweeds combination), group III (S. polycystum), and group IV (T. conoides). The colony-formation units present on the surface of the denture were evaluated before and after treatment with different denture cleansers using the serial dilution method. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and post hoc Bonferroni analysis. At 10-5 dilution, T. conoides (group IV) was statistically significant in reducing both C. albicans and S. mutans. At 10-10 dilution, T. conoides (group IV) and S. polycystum and T. conoides combination (group II) had high antibacterial efficacy and were statistically significant. Fittydent (group I) had higher antifungal efficacy and was statistically significant in comparison to S. polycystum (group III) alone. At 10-10 dilution, the T. conoides (group IV), S. polycystum, and T. conoides combination (group II) showed no evidence of a significant difference in comparison to Fittydent (group I). Fittydent had higher antibacterial efficacy and was statistically significant in comparison to S. polycystum (group III) alone. Sargassum polycystum and T. conoides combination and T. conoides were found to have higher antibacterial efficacy in comparison to commercially available denture cleanser and also were found to have equal antifungal efficacy in comparison to commercially available denture cleanser.

Fatigue Resistance of Two Different Materials Used as Retentive Attachments in Implant Supported Overdenture after Immersion in Denture Cleansing Solution: An In Vitro Comparative Study

Aim: This in vitro study compared the fatigue resistance of two polymeric materials (Nylon and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) used as retentive attachments in implant-retained overdentures after immersion in denture cleansing solution. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 samples (N=24), of which 12 capsule-shaped samples of commercially available nylon material from ADIN dental implants, India, and similar sized and shaped 12 PTFE (medical grade) capsules custom fabricated from AAA Industries, Mumbai was obtained. Six samples of each material were immersed in distilled water and six samples in Clinsodent denture cleanser, simulating an 8–h daily immersion of the denture for a period of 2 years. After completion of the immersion protocol, samples were subjected to 2900 fatigue cycles using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM), simulating 4 cycles per day of removal and insertion of the overdenture for a duration of 2 years. Before and after immersion, the wear of the samples was assessed for internal and external diameter changes using the Sipcon Inspection System. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was tested by applying the paired-t test, Fisher analysis of variance, and Tukey’s honest significant difference test, with a probability value less than 0.05 used as statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed after immersion in denture cleanser for nylon and PTFE. The greatest fatigue for ID, IHL, and IVL was demonstrated in nylon immersed in Clinsodent at p = .000. ED and EHL of PTFE in distilled water showed greater deformation than others ( p = .000). Conclusion: PTFE attachments have shown better fatigue resistance after immersion in Clinsodent denture cleanser. Nylon material immersed in distilled water as well as in Clinsodent cleanser showed greater deformation after fatigue cycles.

Dental materials and oral care products that can cause contact allergies

Various restorative and prosthetic materials, dental implants, medicines and cosmetic materials, such as toothpaste and denture cleaning products, are used in oral care. In principle, these materials can cause contact allergies, which can manifest as lichenoid reaction, cheilitis and angioedema. It is usually a local reaction of the oral mucosa and surrounding tissues, but a systemic reaction can also occur elsewhere in the body. If a patient develops complaints from dental materials that could be due to an allergy, it makes sense to investigate this allergologically, although these do not yet show full specificity or sensitivity. After a positive allergological examination, it is possible to examine more specifically whether the patient's complaints match the test result and it can be decided whether it is sensible to replace the dental material and, if so, which material could be an alternative. After removal of the causative allergens, the complaints should disappear completely.

Influence of Denture Cleansers on the Retention Loss of Attachment Systems Retained Implant Overdenture.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different denture cleansing solutions (DCSs) on the retention of Locator and Locator R-Tx attachment systems of implant retained overdentures (IRO). Two part acrylic resin blocks were fabricated, upper part contained metal housing and plastic inserts and lower part contained implant analogs and abutments. Eighty pink plastic inserts (40/attachment, 10/solution) were immersed in Corega, Fittydent, sodium hypochlorite, and water for a time simulating upto 1-year of clinical usage. Acrylic blocks were held on a universal testing machine for a pull-out test to record the dislodgement force. Measurements were conducted after 6 months (T1) and 12 months (T2). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test was used to analyze the results (α = 0.05). For both attachments, retention significantly decreased after immersion in different solutions at T2 (P < 0.001). Locator R-Tx attachment in NaOCl showed a significant decrease in retention compared with other solutions at T1. At T2, there was a significant decrease in retention for all DCS compared with water (P < 0.001). Locator R-TX showed higher retention values per solution compared to Locator attachment (P < 0.001). In terms of retention loss %, NaOCl recorded the highest (61.87%) loss, followed by Corega (55.54%) and Fittydent (43.13%), whereas water demonstrated the best retention (16.13%) in both groups. Locator R-TX has better retention with different DCS immersion. The loss of retention varied with different types of DCS and NaOCl recorded the highest retention loss. Therefore, denture cleanser selection must be guided by the type of IRO attachment.

A comparative evaluation of effect of denture cleansers on color stability, surface roughness and hardness of polyamide denture base material.

Different denture cleansers have an effect on color and different surface properties of polyamide denture base material. Thus, selecting a denture cleanser solution for polyamide denture base materials should be based on the properties of the denture cleanser itself. The present in vitro study is aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of different denture base cleansers on color, surface roughness and hardness of polyamide denture base material. Thirty specimens of commercially available polyamide denture base material were fabricated and divided into three groups of 10 each. Specimens from each group were immersed in different denture cleansers (sodium perborate, thyme oil and ozonated water) for 10 mins per day for 180 days. Initial and final color, surface roughness and surface hardness of each specimen were measured and the difference was calculated. Data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using One way ANOVA for pair wise comparison. Polyamide denture base resin exhibited some degree of change in color, surface roughness, and surface hardness in all denture cleansers but was not statistically significant. The choice of denture cleanser for different denture base resins should be based on the chemistry of resin and the cleanser, denture cleanser concentration and duration of immersion.

THE EFFECT OF IMMERSION IN 50% CONCENTRATION OF KASTURI LEAF EXTRACT (MANGIFERA CASTURI) ON THE DISCOLORATION OF HEAT CURED ACRYLIC RESIN

ABSTRACTBackground: Heat cured acrylic resin and alkaline proxide are the most used material for denture base and denture cleaner. However, the cost of denture cleanser and its discoloration effect after long term use became the major disadvantages of this material. Kasturi leaf extract, in 50% concentration, had been proven to have antibacterial and antifungal effect, such as a denture cleanser properties.. Objective: This study was to determine the discoloration effect of immersing heat cured resin acrylic in to 50% Kasturi leaf extract solution compared to alkaline peroxide and distilled water. Material and Methods: This study used 24 samples of heat cured acrylic following ADA specification no 17, with 15 milimeters diameter and 2 millimeters of thickness. The 50% Kasturi leaf extract treatment group and the control group alkaline peroxide and aquades. Each group consisted of 8 samples which measured the discoloration before and after being immersed for 5 days. The discoloration of the sample was tested using a series of digital analysis tools. The results obtained then converted into the equation of ΔE= [(ΔL)2 + (Δa)2 + (Δb)2]1/2. Results: One Way ANOVA and Post Hoct Bonferroni statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference (p &lt;0.05) between the immersion groups in 50% Kasturi leaf extract (6.75 ± 1.31), alkaline peroxide (3.29 ± 0, 57) and distilled water (2.04 ± 0.60). Conclusion: A 50% solution of Kasturi leaf extract has an effect on the discoloration of heat cured type acrylic resin. Keywords: Discoloration, Heat cured acrylic resin, Kasturi leaves

THE IMMERSION EFFECT OF 50% KASTURI (Mangifera casturi) LEAF EXTRACT ON COLOR CHANGES OF THERMOPLASTIC NYLON DENTURE BASE

ABSTRACTBackground: The most commonly used denture cleanser is alkaline peroxide. Long-term use of alkaline peroxide caused color change on denture base. One of which can be used as an alternative ingredient is kasturi leaf (Mangifera casturi). 50% kasturi leaf extract has antifungal properties against candida albicans. 50% kasturi leaf extract can be used as an alternative natural denture cleanser. Purpose: To know the immersion effect in 50% kasturi leaf extract on color changes of thermoplastic nylon. Methods: This study was true experimental with pretest dan posttest with control group design. 24 samples used simple random sampling with 8 samples in each groups. The sample is round sized 20mm in diameter and 3mm thickness. The treatment divided into 3 group, 50% leaf extract as treatment group, alkaline peroxide as positive control group, dan aquadest as negative control group. The color change was measured before and after immersion for five days using digital analysis tools with CIELab system. Results: One Way ANOVA dan Post Hoc Bonferroni statistical test showed significant differences (p&lt;0,05) between the immersion groups in 50% kasturi leaf extract (6,25 ± 1,90), alkaline peroxide (4,00 ± 0,99), and aquadest (2,19 ± 0,71). Conclusion: The 50% kasturi leaf extract has effect on color changes of thermoplastic nylon denture base. The color changes in 50% kasturi leaf extract is higher than alkaline peroxide and aquadest. Keywords : Color changes, Kasturi leaf, Thermoplastic nylon

An Inhibition effect of immersion in effervescent garlic ethanol extract (Allium sativum L.) against Staphylococcus aureus growth on heat cured acrylic

Denture stomatitis is an infection of the mucosa caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) accumulating on the denture. Garlic (Allium sativum) contains antibacterial compounds that can be used as an alternative denture cleanser. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition effect of immersion in effervescent garlic ethanol extract (Allium sativum) against Staphylococcus aureus growth on heat cured acrylic dental plate. This research was a laboratory experiment in vitro using 40%, 50%, and 60% effervescent garlic ethanol extract. The samples were 12 pieces (n = 12) of heat cured acrylic plates which were divided into 3 treatment groups then incubated in S. aureus suspension for 24 hours and then immersed in an effervescent garlic ethanol extract for 6 hours. Bacterial colonies were counted using a colony counter and the data were analyzed using the One-way ANOVA and LSD Post hoc tests. The statistical analysis showed that the number of S. aureus colonies decreased along with an increased concentration of garlic ethanol extract. The results of the analysis showed that the 60% effervescent garlic ethanol extract had a significantly lower mean number of colonies compared to the 40% and 50% effervescent garlic ethanol extracts (p ≤ 0.05). This research concluded that effervescent garlic ethanol extract prevented the growth of S. aureus on the heat cured acrylic dental plate.

Prevalence of Denture Stomatitis in Patients Using Denture in Sari City, Iran, in 2020-2021

Background and Purpose: Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory condition in the oral mucosa which develops under the removable denture and affects a considerable percentage of denture users. Due to insufficient studies on this issue in Iran, we investigated the prevalence of denture stomatitis in patients using dentures. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 130 patients referred to the dental school clinic and other dental clinics in Sari City, Iran, were examined using the census method. Demographic information about the patients, such as age, sex, systemic problems, and type of denture stomatitis (based on Newton’s classification), were recorded. The denture was also clinically examined for its suitability in the mouth. After entering the data in SPSS, version 20, the study variables were analyzed through bivariate correlation, descriptive analysis, and frequency analysis. Results: A total of 130 patients using dentures (85 male, 45 female) were studied. About 26.2% (n=34) of the patients had denture stomatitis, of whom 58.8% (n=20) were type II and 41.2% (n=14) were type III. There were significant differences between denture’s age (P&lt;0.001), patient’s age (P=0.049), denture use during the day (P=0.002), diseases (P&lt;0.001), denture cleaning frequency (P&lt;0.001), and duration of denture use (P&lt;0.001). Cigarette (P=0.093) and alcohol consumption (P=0.905), and sex (P=0.349) were not significantly associated with the prevalence of denture stomatitis. Conclusion: The results of the current study presented a high prevalence of denture stomatitis in patients using dentures. Also, the denture’s age, patient’s age, cleaning frequency, duration of denture use, and appropriate denture significantly affected the prevalence of denture stomatitis.

Telaah Pustaka: Berbagai Metode dan Bahan Pembersihan Gigi Tiruan Lepas

Cleaning of removable dentures is an important step to prevent cross-contamination and contribute to the health of the patient, the lifespan of the dentures, and the patient's overall quality of life. Bad dentures have undesirable effects such as bad breath, stains and biofilms, and calculus accumulation in the dentures which can lead to denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, and poor oral health. A dentist is responsible for educating the patient after denture insertion so it will increase the knowledge of the denture wearer how to maintain the cleanliness of the denture properly. There are two methods for cleaning removable dentures, mechanically and chemically. Mechanical cleaning is done by removing plaque using a brush or ultrasonic cleaning. Meanwhile, chemically using chemical cleaning products such as hypochlrorite, peroxide, neutral peroxide dengan enzyme, enzyme, or acids. Recommended method for cleaning dentures is a combination method combining mechanical and chemical method.

Effect of cigarette smoke and denture cleansers on the surface properties and color stability of CAD-CAM and conventional denture base resins.

This study aimed to evaluate the hardness, roughness, and color stability of heat- and microwave-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide, and CAD-CAM PMMA resins when exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and immersed in a denture cleanser (DC). Specimens of each resins were divided into four subgroups (n=10). The DC and CS+DC specimens were immersed in a DC; the CS and CS+DC specimens were exposed to CS; and the control (C) specimens were kept in distilled water. Hardness, roughness, and color measurements were performed. DC and CS significantly affected the roughness and color of all resins (p<0.05). However, these did not affect the hardness of the CAD-CAM PMMA resin (p>0.05). The CAD-CAM PMMA resin presented the lowest roughness, highest hardness, and lowest ΔE00 values. While the roughness of all resins exposed to CS when immersed in DC decreased, the ΔE00 values of the conventional PMMAs also decreased. Although this decreases were not significant, it may be advisable to use DC for smokers to decrease discoloration and roughness especially for conventional PMMAs resins.

Effect of nano-ceramic coating on surface property and microbial adhesion to poly(methyl methacrylate).

To improve surface properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using nano-ceramic coatings and assess microbial adherence after long-term use of a chemical cleanser. Thirty-six PMMA samples were fabricated, polished and coated with a nano-thin TiO2 or mixed TiO2 /ZrO2 , with uncoated samples as controls. Six samples in each group (n=12) were soaked in Polident denture cleaner 180 times for 30 min, while six were soaked in deionized water. Surface roughness of PMMA before and after being soaked in Polident was assessed. All samples were subsequently exposed to Candida albicans for 6h and the adherent cells were determined by viable colony count. Two-way analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis. No significant difference in surface roughness was noted between the uncoated and coated PMMA before soaking. After soaking, surface roughness of the uncoated PMMA increased from 0.164 to 0.532 μm (p < .05). No significant change was observed for TiO2 -coated (0.105-0.143 μm) or TiO2 /ZrO2 -coated PMMA (0.104-0.141 μm). Attachment of C. albicans to PMMA soaked in water showed significantly less attachment to both TiO2 -coated (1.4 × 103 cfu/ml) and TiO2 /ZrO2 -coated PMMA (1.6 × 103 cfu/ml) than to the uncoated PMMA (2.6 × 103 cfu/ml). After soaking in Polident, the uncoated PMMA had significantly less C. albicans attachment than coated samples. Less attachment was noted on the TiO2 /ZrO2 -coated PMMA then the TiO2 -coated samples (p < .05). Nano-ceramic TiO22 /ZrO2 coating of PMMA denture base material alters surface properties thus reduces oral microbial adhesion. It represents a promising alternative to the chemical disinfection for PMMA denture materials.