Dense Arrangement Research Articles

Three-Dimensional Coprime Array for Massive MIMO: Array Configuration Design and 2D DOA Estimation

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, it is critical to obtain the accurate direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. Conventional three-dimensional array mainly focuses on the uniform array. Due to the dense arrangement of the sensors, the array aperture is limited and severe mutual coupling effects arise. In this paper, a coprime cubic array (CCA) configuration design is presented, which is composed of two uniform cubic subarrays and can extend the interelement spacing with a selection of three pairs of coprime integers. Compared with uniform cubic array (UCA), CCA achieves the larger array aperture and less MC effects. And the analytical expression of Cramer–Rao Bound (CRB) for CCA is derived which verifies that the proposed CCA geometry outperforms the conventional UCA in two-dimensional (2D) DOA estimation performance in massive MIMO systems. Meanwhile, we propose a computationally efficient 2D DOA estimation algorithm with high accuracy for CCA. Specifically, we utilize array mapping to extract two uniform arrays from the nonuniform array by exploiting the relation derived from the signal subspace and the two directional matrices. Then, we operate a reduced dimension process on the uniform arrays and convert the 2D spectrum peak searching (SPS) problem into one-dimensional (1D) one, which significantly reduces the computational complexity. In addition, we employ the polynomial root finding technique with a lower complexity instead of 1D SPS to further relieve the computational complexity. Simultaneously, with coprime property, the phase ambiguity problem is solved, which results from the large interelement spacing. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is very computationally efficient without degradation of DOA estimation performance.

Geometric and Electronic Behavior of C60 on PTCDA Hydrogen Bonded Network

Self-assembled supramolecular networks are promising spacer layer for electronic decoupling from the metal substrate. However, the mechanism behind of how the intrinsic electronic structure of spacer layers affects the adsorbate is still unclear. Here a hydrogen bonded network composed of n-type semiconducting molecules 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride(PTCDA) is prepared under ultra-high vacuum to serve as a spacer layer for functional organics C60 on Au(111). The geometric and electronic information of C60 was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STM/STS) at 5 K. Effective decoupling from the metal surface yields an energy gap of 3.67 eV for C602nd, merely considering the HOMO-LUMO peak separation. The broadening of resonance peaks in STS measurements however indicates unneglected interlayer interactions in this hetero-organic system. Moreover, we scrutinize the nucleation sites of C60 on PTCDA layer and attribute this to the decreased diffusion capability on a less dense molecular arrangement possessing inhomogeneous spatial distribution of unoccupied molecular orbitals.

The effects of surface topography and non-uniform wettability on fluid flow and interface slip in rough nanochannel

The flow of argon liquid in an asymmetric nanochannel with smooth and rough wall is investigated by molecular dynamics method. Considering the relationships of related factors which include characteristic dimensions, the number and the dense arrangement pattern of nanostructure, the effects of surface topography on fluid flow and interface slip are probed. The results show that the variation of the surface topography height has a significant influence on the fluid flow and interface slip. However, the effect of the variation of topography width is greatly related to the number and dense arrangement pattern of nanostructure. Surface topography causes an increase in interfacial resistance and more reduction in velocity slip at the rough wall, which even results in the forming of sticky boundary condition. The effect of non-uniform interface wettability of rough wall on the flow behavior and slip at the solid–liquid interface is investigated as well. The results show that the influence of non-uniform interface wettability on the flow in the hydrophobic channel is more obvious than that in the hydrophilic channel. Hydrophobic substrate with hydrophobic nanostructures has a smaller interfacial hydrodynamic resistance than that with hydrophilic nanostructures, which makes the average velocity and velocity slip become greater. Obviously, non-uniform interfacial wettability strengthens the effect of surface topography on the fluid flow and interface slip. It is possible to achieve effective velocity slip and obtain drag reduction by applying the non-uniform wettability of nanostructures under the same surface topography.

A Machine Learning Auxiliary Approach for the Distributed Dense RFID Readers Arrangement Algorithm

This paper is an extended version of the work published. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is widespread in industries such as supply-chain management and logistics due to its low-cost feature. In many real-world problems, one often needs to leverage a considerable amount of RFID readers to cover a large area. Many graph-based dense RFID readers system anti-collision algorithms were proposed to address the collision problems. However, state-of-the-art collision avoidance algorithms are centralized algorithms. In a dense RFID system, the graphs generated by the centralized algorithms could be very complicated. Therefore, a centralized algorithm increases the computational workload of the central server. We proposed a distributed anti-collision algorithm based on the idea of a centralized collision avoidance algorithm called MWISBAII. In our later research, we found that due to the lack of global information, there is a gap between the performance of our distributed algorithm and the centralized MWISBAII. To narrow this gap, we introduced machine learning into the proposed algorithm. The machine learning model is an empirical model that mitigates the deficiency of the lack of global information. The experimental results show that the proposed distributed algorithm with machine learning can get almost the same performance as the centralized MWISBAII in different experimental settings.

Microscopic Mechanism of Cement Improving the Strength of Lime‐Fly Ash‐Stabilized Yellow River Alluvial Silt

Silt is a kind of soil with poor engineering performance. Lime‐fly ash‐ (LF‐) stabilized silt has the problem of low early strength. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of cement on improving the strength of LF‐stabilized silt and reveal the microscopic mechanism. A fixed percentage of LF (18%) plus different percentages of cement (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) were mixed with Yellow River alluvial silt (YRAS). Soil samples for tests were artificially made by compaction in the laboratory. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed on soil samples cured for 7 d, 28 d, 60 d, and 90 d. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) tests, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were performed on soil samples cured for 7 d and 28 d. UCS results showed that the early strength of LF‐stabilized YRAS developed significantly after adding cement. UCS also increased with the increase in cement content and curing time. SEM results revealed the differences in microstructure of LF‐stabilized YRAS before and after adding cement. Before adding cement, the main microstructure characteristics included small soil particles, large number of pores, and loose particle arrangement. After adding cement, the main microstructure characteristics included large bonded particles, small number of pores, and dense particle arrangement. The EDS results showed that, after curing for 28 d, the elements of gels in stabilized YRAS had changed, mainly including appearance of C and a significant increase of Ca. MIP results showed that the pores with a size of 1 μm∼10 μm accounted for the largest proportion in stabilized YRAS. The product (mainly C‐S‐H) of cement hydration mainly filled the pores with a size larger than 10 μm at the early stage. Combining strength results and microresults, the micromechanism of cement improving the strength of LF‐stabilized YRAS was discussed.

MIMO Cross-Layer Secure Communication Algorithm for Cyber Physical Systems Based on Interference Strategies

In this paper, a detailed analysis of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) cross-layer secure communication algorithms in information-physical systems is investigated employing an interference strategy. A three-stage data-assisted channel estimation method is proposed in this paper for the acquisition of channel state information for complex jamming channels in large-scale MIMO two-layer systems. To implement the data-assisted scheme, assuming that there are no errors and no delay in the system, if the data detection and decoding data sequences are completed at a small cell base station, they are sent to the macro base station via a wired backhaul. Due to the sparsity of the channel at the macro base station after user grouping, a channel estimation algorithm based on optimal block orthogonal matching tracking(s) is proposed in the case where the downlink channel at the macro base station utilizes the decoded uplink data and known training sequences. The simulation results show that the data-assisted method proposed in this paper is effective in improving channel estimation accuracy. A machine learning algorithm is directly used to classify the channel difference or channel matrix to obtain the authentication results. In this paper, the scheme is first simulated using channel data from dynamic communication scenarios, its feasibility is analyzed, and the parameters in the scheme are compared, and the optimal scheme is the bagging tree authentication scheme using a 128-dimensional channel matrix as input. To address the interference problem caused by the dense arrangement of SAPs in heterogeneous networks and the unbalanced network load, large-scale MIMO techniques are introduced to reduce the downlink interference caused by the microcell boundary expansion in heterogeneous networks.

Structure and corrosion resistance of the layers formed on chromium-nickel steel by electron beam processing

The influence of structural transformations occurring during non-vacuum electron-beam surfacing of amorphous boron powder and the corrosion resistance of surface layers of chromium-nickel austenitic steel are investigated. It is shown that during surfacing a cladding with a dense arrangement of borides is formed. X-ray phase analysis showed that the modified layer almost completely consists of borides FexBy, CrxBy or complex borides (Cr, Fe)xBy located in the austenitic matrix. In this work, it was found that layers with the obtained structure provide an increase in the corrosion resistance of the surface of 12Kh18N9T steel by 1.5 times, while also providing high wear resistance.

Data-Driven Based Tiny-YOLOv3 Method for Front Vehicle Detection Inducing SPP-Net

In order to solve the problem of low recognition rate and low real-time performance of vehicle detection in complex road environment, a data-driven forward vehicle detection algorithm based on improved tiny-YOLOv3 is proposed. Based on tiny-YOLOv3, the context feature information is combined to increase the two scale detections of tiny-YOLOv3 to three. The spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module is added to increase the number of feature channels to improve the network feature extraction ability. According to the dense arrangement of vehicles on the horizontal axis in the road image ahead, we change the grid size of tiny-YOLOv3 and increase the number of candidate boxes on the horizontal axis. In addition, combined with the characteristics of the vehicle size in the road image ahead, K-means clustering method is used to select the appropriate number and size of target candidate boxes. We obtain the optimal detection model by multi-scale training of the improved network. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the improved algorithm on the KITTI datasets is 91.03%, which is 7.12% higher than that of tiny-YOLOv3. And the detection speed of improved network is 144 frames/s, which meets the real-time requirements.

Construction of Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays in a Cu-Cu2O Film Electrode for High Efficiency in Heat Dissipation.

Thermal engineering dramatically impacts the efficiency of microelectronics, but the corresponding technology lags far behind the need. For energy-efficient thermal management, a Cu-Cu2O film with highly ordered core-shell nanowire arrays and a good self-protection property was successfully fabricated using the magnetron sputtering method. The dense arrangement of nanowires in the films enhances the electronic transport property (220 mΩ sq-1), while the modified stable Cu2O layer maintained its perfect heat dissipation property, along with long-term thermal stability. The core-shell and nanogaps structure imparted an anisotropic thermal conductivity, where the out-plane electronic thermal conductivity (321 ± 16 W m-1 K-1) was 33.6 times higher than the in-plane value. To study the role of anisotropic properties in heat dissipation, a boiling experiment and thermal simulation were undertaken. The Cu-Cu2O core-shell electrode was beneficial to elevate the heat transfer coefficient, which would cause a fast directional transport and reduction of interfacial superheating. We demonstrated that an advancement of microelectronics could be achieved by integrating Cu electrodes with an ordered architecture.

Ionic Actuators as Manipulators for Microscopy.

Non-destructive handling of soft biological samples at the cellular level is becoming increasingly relevant in life sciences. In particular, spatially dense arrangements of soft manipulators with the capability of in situ monitoring via optical and electron microscopes promises new and exciting experimental techniques. The currently available manipulation technologies offer high positioning accuracy, yet these devices significantly grow in complexity in achieving compliance. We explore soft and compliant actuator material with a mechanical response similar to gel-like samples for perspective miniaturized manipulators. First, we demonstrate three techniques for rendering the bulk sheet-like electroactive material, the ionic and capacitive laminate (ICL), into a practical manipulator. We then show that these manipulators are also highly compatible with electron optics. Finally, we explore the performance of an ICL manipulator in handling a single large cell. Intrinsic compliance, miniature size, simple current-driven actuation, and negligible interference with the imaging technologies suggest a considerable perspective for the ICL in spatially dense arrays of compliant manipulators for microscopy.

Friisialusitanica gen. et sp. nov., a new podocarpaceous ovuliferous cone from the Lower Cretaceous of Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal

A new small elongate ovuliferous cone, Friisia lusitanica gen. et sp. nov., assigned to the Podocarpaceae is described from the Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian – lower Albian) of Catefica site near the locality of Torres Vedras in the Estremadura region, western Portugal, based on a single specimen. The new fossil cone Friisia lusitanica shows decussate ovuliferous complexes bearing axillary one inverted seed covered by a structure interpreted here as epimatium. Bracts of ovuliferous complexes are generally epistomatic. Adaxial cuticle of the bract shows stomata surrounded by thickenings interpreted as Florin rings. In its dense decussate arrangement of ovuliferous complexes it is quite similar to Microcachrys tetragona (Podocarpaceae), shrubby conifer from wet forests of Tasmania which has however ovuliferous complexes arranged in whorls. The description of the new fossil provided here is the first report of podocarpaceous ovuliferous cone from the Lower Cretaceous of Portugal and Europe adding important information to our knowledge of the diversity and geographic distribution of conifers assigned to Podocarpaceae.

Fretting friction properties of laser surface texture microfilaments

PurposeThis paper aims to improve the wear resistance of metal rubber microfilaments and the service life. The effect of surface texture by laser processing on the fretting friction properties of metal rubber microfilaments was studied.Design/methodology/approachThe LQL-F20A laser marking machine was used to fabricate a ring groove array with equal spacing and dense arrangement on the surface of metal rubber microfilaments. The test was carried out with a self-made micro-dynamic frictional tester. The topography of the microfilaments was observed by scanning electron microscopy and analyzed.FindingsIt has shown that laser surface texturing can improve the wear performance of microfilaments. Under the same experimental conditions, the microfilaments of textured surface has a smaller depth of wear than un-textured specimen. The wear resistance increases with the increase of texture density. The friction coefficient of textured specimen is significantly reduced compared with un-textured specimen, and the surface texture density of microfilaments has little influence on the friction coefficient after stabilization. In the stage of stable fretting wear, the wear depth will be more with the increase of the load.Originality/valueThere is little research on metal rubber microfilaments tribological properties. In this paper, the effect of laser texturing of microfilaments on micro-dynamic friction properties was studied by friction machine to provide a reference for the application of metal rubber in aerospace, medical and other fields.

Flow Field on Helodeck of a Frigate: A Review

The various functions desired from a frontline warship such as a frigate, corvette or a destroyer, coupled with the requirement of very high speeds and economic viability restricting the size, necessitates a very dense arrangement of weapons and sensors on the top deck and superstructure. Accordingly, Navies across the world have faced several problems with respect to functions for which a good aerodynamic design for these structures is essential. Major issues include smoke nuisance created due to impinging of the ship's exhaust gases on to the top deck leading to possible suction by engine intakes and high turbulence in the ship's air-wake leading to ship aircraft interface concerns. The flow field on the helodeck is extremely complex due to its geometry and interaction with the wake of the ship’s superstructure. A knowledge of this complexity is essential for ensuring safe helo operations on the helodeck. The problem of ship helicopter interaction has hogged the lime light in recent times, due to rising demand for design of warships for increased stealth, especially in the past two decades. Consequently, several researchers in countries with advanced Navies have invested considerable resources towards evolving both experimental and numerical solutions for the problem. However, given the military nature of the operations, open literature on the subject containing details of such research, which can be used as reference material for present work, are limited. Considering the complexities involved in the problem, an attempt has been made in this paper to holistically review the widely scattered and limited literature in this field. A good amount of literature on marine helo applications emerge from the offshore industry. Keeping in mind that the fields of warship design and offshore structures are dissimilar and have their peculiar problems, informed conclusions have been made in drawing lessons from available literature.

Exploring the highly dense energetic materials via regiochemical modulation: A comparative study of two fluorodinitromethyl-functionalized herringbone trifuroxans

Abstract Maximization of the energy capability of energetic materials by organizing energetic moieties into dense arrangements is of great significance. In this study, two novel high-energy regioisomers, 3,4–bis(3–fluorodinitromethylfuroxan-4-yl) furoxan (BFTF-1) and 3,4–bis(4–fluorodinitromethylfuroxan-3-yl) furoxan (BFTF-2), were synthesized by employing controllable synthetic strategy. The constitutional isomers were thoroughly characterized using multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Notably, BFTF-1 shows the highest crystal density (ρ: 2.00 g cm−3, 296 K) among fluorodinitromethyl-functionalized CHNOF compounds reported thus far and outstanding detonation performances (D: 9509 m s−1, P: 42.6 GPa), which are significantly higher than that of BFTF-2 (ρ: 1.91 g cm−3, D: 9196 m s−1). The remarkable differences in inter- and intra-molecular interactions of BFTF-1 and BFTF-2 provide unequivocal evidence that the synergistic actions between fluorodinitromethyl and furoxan play a key role in crystal stacking, eventually causing a significant difference in density. This research demonstrates that regiochemical modulation via reasonable design could be a powerful tool to enhance the density and detonation property in the development of new energetic materials.

Evidence of metamaterial physics at the geophysics scale: the METAFORET experiment

Abstract The METAFORET experiment was designed to demonstrate that complex wave physics phenomena classically observed at the meso- and micro-scales in acoustics and in optics also apply at the geophysics scale. In particular, the experiment shows that a dense forest of trees can behave as a locally resonant metamaterial for seismic surface waves. The dense arrangement of trees anchored into the ground creates anomalous dispersion curves for surface waves, which highlight a large frequency band-gap around one resonant frequency of the trees, at ∼45 Hz. This demonstration is carried out through the deployment of a dense seismic array of ∼1000 autonomous geophones providing seismic recordings under vibrating source excitation at the transition between an open field and a forest. Additional geophysical equipment was deployed (e.g. ground-penetrating radar, velocimeters on trees) to provide essential complementary measurements. Insights and interpretations on the observed seismic wavefield, including the attenuation length, the intensity ratio between the field and the forest and the surface wave polarization, are validated with 2D numerical simulations of trees over a layered halfspace.

RDTS-Based Two-Dimensional Temperature Monitoring with High Positioning Accuracy Using Grid Distribution.

A novel two-dimensional (2D) positioning method based on Raman distributed temperature sensing (RDTS) has been reported to dramatically improve positioning accuracy. Using a well-designed 2D distribution of optical fiber and corresponding algorithms, the heat source can be accurately located without crosstalk; however, there is a tradeoff between sensing distance and positioning accuracy. In our experiments, an RDTS system with a spatial resolution of 0.8 m along a 3 km multimode fiber (MMF) is used with specific 2D routing rules and corresponding algorithms. A positioning accuracy of about 0.1 m is obtained without hardware modification, which could be improved through the dense arrangement of fiber; however, this would sacrifice the sensing length. This solution can be used for both flat surfaces and curved surfaces such as pipes or tank surfaces. This scheme can also be extended to three-dimensional positioning using a delicate routing design of sensing fiber.

Configuration of wind farm in Kaberten region: wind potential and optimal capacity

The configuration of a wind farm depends mainly on the wind potential and the disposition of the wind turbines in this park. The windiest site is the most favorable for a future installation of wind turbines for the production of electricity, also, in this same site, a too dense arrangement would lead to considerable of power losses under the effect of wake. In this context, it is presented a research work that consists of determining the installation conditions of a wind farm; evaluating the wind farm through measurements of wind speed and the location of wind turbines in the park to minimize the effect of wind turbine interference. In order to do this, an evaluation study of the wind potential for the implementation of a wind farm based on the quantification of the wind in speed and directions firstly proposed. Secondly, a method for optimizing the positioning of wind turbines in a wind power farm is used based on the introduction of the Jensen wake model and the application of the iterative pseudo-random distribution approach of the turbines in the site. Simulation results are presented and discussed using data from the Kaberten site in Algeria and the characteristics of the GAMESA G52 wind turbine.

EXPERIENCE IN PRESERVING THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF STONE FRUITS USING THE BORDER HEDGING TECHNOLOGY

Conservation of the world’s plant genetic resources is one of the most significant and relevant problems of mankind. At Krymsk Experimental Breeding Station of VIR, where the largest stone fruit plant genetic diversity in Russia is assembled (more than 5 thousand genotypes: cultivars and species, wild forms, distant hybrids and polyploids), a collection maintenance technology of ‘border hedging’ has been developed and successfully used. This method makes it quite economical (in terms of space reduction, simplification of the system of care for the storage garden, and decreasing the use of chemical protection agents) to maintain a large number of live accessions ex situ. The border hedging technology is based on a propagule nursery system that enables plants to grow longer than in conventional gardens, constantly keeping them in a state of active growth. The basic elements of this technology are dense arrangement of plants (intervals for high-growing plants: 4.0–5.0 m between rows, and 1.0–1.5 m in a row; for low-growing ones: 2.5 m between rows, and 0.5–1.0 m in a row) and annual pruning of shoots at a height of 1.0–1.2 m. Years of experience in using a denser planting pattern for collection garden maintenance helped to identify a number of most significant factors in this system, which make up the scientific basis of the technology for optimally efficient preservation of genotypes and their genetic compliance (representativeness). Among them are biological features of the in situ plant growth habit, including vigor, selection of rootstock or decision on own-root cultivation, layout of the plot, and maintenance system. If it is necessary to study the accessions in the garden where they are preserved in order to make their initial evaluation (approbation, morphological description, study of crop structure, biochemical or biotechnological assessment, analysis of resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors), the plants should not be pruned for 1–2 years. Upon completion of these works, the trees are coppiced again.

Preparation of octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified cassava starch by the ultrasonic‐assisted method and its influence mechanism

As an effective physical method for starch modification, ultrasonic treatment can significantly improve the chemical activity and quality of starch, but its mechanism needs to be further investigated. In this paper, ultrasonic-modified cassava starch and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified cassava starch with low degree of substitution were prepared under ultrasonic conditions. The effects of ultrasound on the structure and properties of native cassava starch and the quality of OSA-modified cassava starch were studied. The results showed that the crystallinity decreased from 30.7% to 26.4%, the reaction efficiency increased from 62.28% to 66.20%, and other characteristics also changed after 1 min of ultrasonic treatment. While the structure and properties of cassava starch changed differently after ultrasonic treatments for 8 min and 32–60 min. Consequently, these changes showed that ultrasonic treatment had a significant mechanochemical effect on starch granules. The quality of OSA-modified cassava starch was improved significantly and its influence mechanism was analyzed by the mechanochemistry theory. Practical applications During the esterification of starch, the dense arrangement of crystalline regions limits the reaction of esterifying agents with starch granules. This study showed that ultrasound exerted strong mechanical forces on starch granules, which promoted the production of free radicals and increased the free energy of starch molecules. Besides, the increase of mechanochemical active sites in starch granules was conducive to the homogeneous reaction of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and starch molecules. Therefore, the quality of OSA-modified cassava starch prepared by ultrasonic-assisted treatment was significantly improved. This study provides a reference for the application of ultrasonic technology in other fields and also lays a theoretical basis for the industrial development of high performance-modified starch.

Dynamics of ultrastuctural changes in the secretory apparatus of thyrocytes in the conditions of an experimental blastomogenesis.

Background. Secretion of thyroid hormones considerably decreases at development of tumoral pathology of various localization and significantly affects efficiency of treatment and the forecast of a disease. Development of a hypothyroid state can be connected with disturbance of secretory activity thyrocytes of a thyroid gland and contributes to the development of system thyroid deficiency. Definition of structural bases of development of thyroid deficiency at tumoral pathology at the subcellular level in distance interaction of a thyroid gland and a tumor will allow to define molecular and cellular mechanisms of interaction of an organism and a tumor in the a blastomogenesis. Objective. The purpose of the research was studying of a state and dynamics of changes of a lamellar complex of thyrocytes in the course of distance interaction with a tumor in an experiment. Methods. As the experimental model of tumor we have used a model of the slightly differentiated solid adenocarcinoma of Guerin. Experiment carried out on the rats - the males of the line of Vistar as far as the mass 120 - 160 g. animals were divided beside 2 groups. First group - control. To the second group - translanted the strain of the cells of Guerin's carcinoma by hypodermic injection beside the region thighs. Animals derived based on the experiment on 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Cytotopographical and ultramicroscopic studying of dynamics of changes of dictyosomes, their distribution in cytoplasm of thyrocytes and a condition of structural components of a lamellar complex is carried out. Results. On the 2nd week of an experimental blastomogenesis reduction of number of cisterns of a lamellar complex to 3 - 4 is observed, cis - cisterns are considerably expanded, distances between cisterns are increased when comparing with control group, length of cisterns of trans - compartment is reduced when comparing with control group. On the 4th week of growth of a transplanted tumor the significant changes of a lamellar complex connected with fragmentation of cisterns, loss of polarity of dictyosomes and lack of vesicles and vacuoles around a lamellar complex are noted. On the 12th week of growth of a carcinoma of Guerin in thyrocytes reduction of length of cisterns of a lamellar complex, their mutually parallel and dense arrangement, lack of ampullar expansions, insignificant increase in volume of cisterns of trans - compartment dictyosome is observed. Conclusion. Changes of ultrastructure of a lamellar complex of Golgi of thyricytes of a thyroid gland in the course of distance interaction with the transplanted tumor demonstrate early disturbance of processes of secretion and vesicular transport with possible development of apoptosis due to activation of a caspase system.