Denim Research Articles

Poland in Blue: The Phenomenon of the Denim Clothing Industry in Polish Society During the Socialistic Period

In the People’s Republic of Poland 1 , blue jeans were much more than just an element of clothing. They have become a symbol of freedom, a generational rebellion, and an aspiration for the world on the other side of the Iron Curtain. Aid parcels sent by relatives, mainly from the USA and also from Great Britain, Canada, and Australia played a significant role in getting to know denim clothing in socialist Poland. In the second half of the 1960s, the domestic production of substitute denim-like materials 2 , including denim-like trousers, was started. They were a response to the demand, in particular, of groups of young people for products made of this type of material. The new improvements and material inventions were supervised by the association of clothing industries and research laboratories, which played an essential role in the creation of materials for domestic production (Kortan 1981). A group of active Polish textile and fashion designers contributed to promote comfortable denim clothing from the West. This article presents the role of the denim clothing industry in Poland during the socialist period (1952–1989), considering the cultural context and the impact of this clothing on discovering alternative forms, replacing the originals from capitalist countries. It should be noted that in the People’s Republic of Poland, new types of textile materials were developed and improved so that they corresponded, at least in part, to materials from the West and filled in product gaps. To this end, proprietary commercial versions of fabrics used to produce garments, including the jeans discussed in this publication, were made of a textile known as in Polish word “Teksas” a denim substitute. Researching archival materials and showing achievements in the field of textiles and fashion fills the gap in research on cultural significance of fashion, textile materials and the production of denim and clothing from domestic fabrics of the socialist era.

THE DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A WEARABLE TEXTILE YAGI-UDA ANTENNA DESIGN FOR SECURITY AND RESCUE PURPOSES

Advancements in technology have generated an escalating demand for robust mobile communication systems, highlighting the importance of wearable applications in diverse sectors such as biomedicine, military, and rescue services. This research underscores the crucial role of wearable antennas in addressing this growing need, with a specific focus on their design and development for applications within the Internet of Things (IoT). The primary objective is to establish resilient communication links capable of operating across various environments and weather conditions. Within this context, the investigation delves into the utilization of microstrip Yagi-Uda antennas renowned for their directivity, lightweight construction, low profile, and cost-effectiveness. The study introduces the simulated and fabricated design of a wearable Microstrip Yagi-Uda antenna optimized for operation at 2.45 GHz, applicable in health and rescue services. The antenna was analyzed by applying jeans textile as a substrate material and reached the return loss of -20.1 dB with an 8.5 dB gain. Jeans material as a substrate showed appropriate results to be applied in a wearable antenna.

A hexagonal shape fractal flexible UWB antenna based on jeans material for healthcare applications

This work aims to provide a compact, flexible, lightweight ultra-wideband antenna design with enhanced bandwidth for medical applications. The proposed antenna features fractal geometry and is made by iterating a hexagonal slot within a circular copper construction. The basic radiator’s partial ground plane is defective with a slit at the centre and a down ramp on both sides of the plane. A stub in the feed line improves impedance matching and provides enhanced −10dB bandwidth of 10.6 GHz (1.9 GHz to 12.5 GHz). The antenna is built on a black jeans textile substrate of dielectric constant 1.7 and size of 48 mm × 36 mm × 1.7 mm . The maximum gain of 6.75 dB at the frequency of 2.3 GHz is reported. In the operational band, the developed antenna provides steady radiation properties. Furthermore, the antenna has been verified for use in practical applications by setting up the proposed antenna as a receiver with an NRF24L01 wireless transceiver module and given coverage up to 50 feet in an open environment. The designed prototype is analysed for flexibility with different bending radii. A SAR analysis is also carried out for 1 gram and 10-gram of tissue along with the extensive time domain analysis for wearable UWB applications.

Development of Wearable Textile MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Band New Radio 5G Applications.

In this paper, an irregular octagonal two-port MIMO patch antenna is designed specifically for New Radio (NR) 5G applications in the mid-band sub-6 GHz. The proposed antenna comprises an irregularly shaped patch antenna equipped with a regular 50-ohm feed line and a parasitic strip line antenna, and is partially grounded. Jeans material serves as a substrate with an effective dielectric constant of 1.6 and a thickness of 1 mm. This material is studied experimentally. The proposed antenna design undergoes analysis and optimization using the ANSYS HFSS tool. Furthermore, the design incorporates the influence of the slot on both the ground plane and the parasitic strip line to optimize performance, enhance isolation, and improve impedance matching among antenna elements. The dimensions of the jeans substrate are 40 mm × 50 mm. The simulated impedance bandwidth ranged from 3.6 GHz to 7 GHz and the measured bandwidth was slightly narrower, from 4.35 GHz to 7 GHz. The simulation results demonstrated an isolation level greater than 12 dB between antenna elements, while the measured results reached 28.5 dB, and the peak gain for this proposed antenna stood at 6.74 dB. These qualities made this proposed antenna suitable for various New Radio mid-band 5G wireless applications within the sub-6 GHz band, such as N79, Wi-Fi-5/6, V2X, and DSRC applications.

Automatic Generation Technology of Scrap Denim Clothes in Quilting Art Patterns by Integrating Computer Vision.

The combination of computer vision and advanced Fuzzy C-Means algorithms, such as Hybrid OK-Means Fuzzy C-Means (HOFCM), provides a revolutionary way to automatically generate technology of Scrap Denim Clothes in Quilting Art Patterns. The research focuses on the creation of an automatic generating technique specifically designed for making quilting designs from scrap denim clothing. This study investigates the effectiveness of HOFCM in improving the process of creating quilted art patterns from discarded denim materials. Extensive experimentation and analysis have shown that HOFCM dramatically decreases computational time while improving clustering solution quality, particularly when dealing with huge, high-dimensional datasets like scrap denim cloth analysis. The study emphasizes HOFCM's potential to speed up the quilting art pattern generation process, providing designers and artists with a more efficient and precise way to transform old denim clothing into visually appealing designs. The findings highlight HOFCM's transformative impact on automatic generation technology for quilting art patterns, paving the path for innovation and originality in textile art and design. HOFCM significantly lowers time by up to 93.94% compared to regular Fuzzy C-Means on four real and one synthetic datasets. The worst-case scenario resulted in a 2.51% reduction in solution quality.

Mnogoslojno krojenje tekstilnih materijala laserom

Multi ply fabric cutting by laser is very challenging because of low thermal conductivity of textile materials. A laser beam can through-cut only limited number of fabric plies placed one above another. In experiment the conditional spread of ten 100% cotton fabric plies was cut by a laser beam to see how cutting speed influences cutting quality. It was established that using a 100 W laser beam all 10 plies could be cut only by lower speeds 30-45mm/s. In the laser cutting process the cut edges of material got coloured. The smaller was processing speed, the wider coloured edges were obtained. After sample washing edge colouring disappeared. Additional laundry process will not be needed processing garments which are dyed as a ready goods or manufacturing denim clothing when vintage look is obtained during washing process.

Design and Analysis of Fabric Antenna for Medical and Wireless Applications

This study aimed toward the wearability of the antenna by inspecting the probability of designing and fabricating a wearable microstrip antenna operating from 2 to 6 GHz, centered at 2.5 GHz and 5.3 GHz. The antenna is fabricated from jeans material with dielectric constant εr = 1.7 and a thickness of 1 mm. The proposed design is simulated on High-Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS) version 2015, followed by fabrication using a 50-µm copper film on a jeans substrate. Anritsu MS2038C VNA Master then tests the fabricated design. Also, specific absorption rate (SAR) values are computed for medical applications to account for tumor detection in human breast tissue.

The Culture and Spiritual Expression of Denim Garments in Different Industries

Jeans, as one of the most popular clothing in the world, have been actively appearing in the public eye, especially in the film industry and fashion industry. Jeans and other denim garments are no longer just a kind of clothing, they are more like a cultural or spiritual symbol. This article is dedicated to interpreting the culture and spiritual expression of denim garments in different industries. This paper uses the case analysis method and researches the fashion and movie industries. The research shows jeans and denim clothing symbolize the spirit of Western cowboys in the film industry. Movies rely on jeans to showcase the characters freedom, wildness, and bravery. In the fashion industry, jeans have always been a popular item, symbolizing fashions free and lazy side.

Development of a wearable resonator mask for breathing rate monitoring

As one of the processes of patient care, diagnosis, and monitoring are the most important steps in the medical field. Sleep apnea is a problem that affects about 25 million Americans, and 80% of them go untreated because it is not identified. Monitoring has a big role in making patient treatment decisions. So this research aims to produce a wearable resonator mask that can work as a breathing rate monitor. The proposed resonator will use the relative humidity generated during the respiration process. The resonator uses a textile jeans material that is flexible, comfortable, and fits on a mask. Testing is carried out in 3 different positions; lying down, sitting, and standing. There is a difference in the percentage of RH produced from each position based on the difference in the frequency range produced. The proposed resonator operates well at 3.9 GHz.

Ballistic armor—a study on the impact of air gun pellets on jean cloth

BackgroundBallistics deals with the study of projectile propulsion, flight, and impact in any medium. Different garment materials can have varying effects when it comes to the penetration of pellets into the body. Body armor has been around for a long time. Dhal, a curving strip of rhino hide, was possibly the first armor in India, used for sword fighting or defense against arrows and spears. It gave way to steel armor, which protected the body’s essential organs from spear and arrow strikes.The current study is primarily concerned with how jeans material, when employed as body armor, contributes to the inquiry. The present study also examines how airgun pellets fired at various ranges affect jeans clothing wrapped around gel blocks.ResultsThe study concluded that when fired at varied ranges, there was no significant variation in the diameters of the entry holes on clothing material. The gel block covered with jeans clothing was not found to be more damaged.ConclusionsThe findings also indicate that pellets had larger track lengths regardless of the range from which they were fired.

2.4 GHz Compact Textile Antenna for Body Wear Application and Monitoring of Health Parameters

Background: This paper has described a textile-based body-worn antenna. When compared to standard flat and stiff antennas and circuits, this technology delivers superior mechanical and radio frequency performance. Textile antennas have several advantages, including small size, lightweight, ease of fabrication, and low cost. As a result of these advantages, textile antennas are gaining popularity these days. Objective: There are different applications of textile antennas, but the main application or aim is to wear them comfortably and observe different body signals for analysis of different health parameters, like temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, etc., as the compactness of the antenna bending losses is less. Methods: In the design of an antenna, jeans fabric is employed as the substrate because this material is sturdy, stiff, of little density, accessible, and inexpensive with electromagnetic properties ℇr = 1.6 and tan ẟ = 0.01, and copper is used for the conducting patch and ground. Result: This antenna operates in the industrial, scientific, and medical radio (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz with patch dimensions of 25 x 20 mm, making it proper for body-worn purposes. Because the antenna is so small, it can be readily mounted on an arm for health parameter monitoring with minimal bending. In sweaty conditions, it also operates in the ISM band. Conclusion: The simulation, fabrication, and body wear results are all included in the results section. As a result, these novel fibre antennas are useful to incorporate into shirts and coats for easy health monitoring with minimum loss.

Born This Way Foundation announces first global campaign for youth mental health

Lady Gaga's Born This Way Foundation just announced their first ever global campaign for youth mental health by partnering with the philanthropic arm of Australian‐born fashion brand, Cotton On, to raise $5 million for global mental health, a news release stated. Born This Way Foundation has worked for “10+ years with and for young people to build the kinder, braver world we know is possible,” according to its website. The two organizations created a range of limited‐edition products (a denim jacket, T‐shirts, tote bags, etc.) available from Sept. 1 to Oct. 10, with Cotton On donating 100% of the net proceeds to Born This Way Foundation. As a part of that commitment, Born This Way Foundation and Cotton On Foundation — the clothing manufacturer's philanthropic arm — will commit $1.5 million in grants to local youth mental health nonprofits around the world. Between Sept. 1st and Oct. 10, young people are encouraged to nominate the local nonprofits in their communities that make a difference in their lives. Grants of up to $150,000 each will be distributed to selected organizations in 10 countries: Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This campaign will also uplift the ‘Be There Certificate,’ a free, online mental health course for young people, created by Jack.org and Born This Way Foundation.

Influence of the relative humidity on the blood drip stain formation on jeans fabrics

The impact of whole human blood drops on jeans fabrics is studied as a function of the impact velocity U0, room relative humidity RH, and spacing S between the fabric and backing substrate. Experiments are performed with blood drops of the same initial diameter of D0 = 3 ± 0.08 mm and temperature of 37∘C. Whole human blood is collected from the same donor. The impact dynamics of blood drops is described as a function of U0 and S, and it is shown that the spacing has an effect on the splashing limit and the surface area of the drip stains. At RH = 30%, the drip stains (parent stains) after impact do not wick the fabrics. Moreover, the area of the drip stains increases with the impact velocity until a critical value (U0 = 3.3 ± 0.1 m∕s), where it becomes constant. A modified correlation is proposed to predict the drip stains area. At RH = 70%, the drip stains after impact wick the jeans fabrics. The area of the drip stains after impact is dependent on the impact velocity while the final area after wicking is not. Further, the contribution of the wicking, to the formation of the drip stains, decreases with the impact velocity. These findings show the importance of taking into account RH in future research work and in the analysis of the drip stains at crime scenes.

Wideband Fabric Antenna for Ultra Wideband Applications using for Medical Applications

Traditional cancer detection imaging techniques suffer high costs, high false negatives, high false positives,and pain. The microwave imaging techniques overcome the limitations, which depend primarily on antenna design. If an antenna is wearable and implantable, the imaging system gives better results with less pain and cost. A wide band fabric antenna that operates at the ultra-wideband frequency with a low specific absorption rate (SAR) on breast phantom is verified. The proposed design has Jeans material as a substrate and the copper patch as a radiating element. The patch is designed in a circular shape with an M-type slot to suppress the spurious modes. The designed antenna model is commonly used for monitoring microwave imaging and has dimensions of 28X30X1.6 mm3. The proposed antenna design covers 2.3-8 GHz frequency with a broadside radiation pattern. The gain over the operating frequency is about 2.3-4.5 dB, and the efficiency is 55 %–79 %. The antenna model was designed and simulated in CST microwave studio. The performance of an antenna is tested on breast cancer to detect the presence of tumor cells in the breast. The antenna analysis on the phantom was done by considering the tumor location and corresponding results are presented. By varying the sizes of the tumor the antenna performance is analysed. The simulated SAR values of the proposed antenna design on breast phantom are under the limits of FCC.

The effectiveness of apron usage made of convection waste material in reducing ultraviolet light exposure towards skin irritation on welders

Welding is a job having a high risk for health for the workers. In non-formal industries, many workers ignored their health when conducting welding job. The problem in non-formal industry is the problem of business capital. Therefore, non-formal workers ignore their health because they could not afford personal protective equipment. Apron is one of the personal protective equipment for UV exposure. Utilizing jeans waste as the material of apron is an alternative to resolve the capital problem of non-formal workers and as an effort to recycle unused waste. The initial stage is to test the effectiveness of jeans waste by testing UV exposure between the workers who wore apron and who did not. Measurements were carried out using a UV light meter tool named Lutron. The result showed that jeans were highly effective in reducing UV exposure from welding activities. Therefore, apron made of jeans material can protect against skin irritation from exposure to UV rays caused by welding activities.

The Sign o’ the Times denim jacket: Exploring fan-generated clothing, identity and community within Prince fandom

With 2020’s deluxe release of Prince’s magnum opus Sign o’ the Times, fans were reintroduced to the era’s distinct sartorial blueprint of peach and black, denim and fringe. Unexpectedly, the Sign o’ the Times signature look is largely regarded as the oversized customized denim jacket worn by Prince throughout the concert film and live performances. Not just your typical denim jacket, the garment is adorned with decorative safety pins, buttons, graphic appliqués, fringe and various glittering embellishments. Like Purple Rain’s studded trench coat, the denim jacket is now forever affiliated with Sign o’ the Times, active throughout our shared popular culture conscious. Within the expansive wardrobe of the musician, the denim jacket remains a unique cultural artefact, not only for the unexpected utilitarian fabric choice but also for the garment’s coded signifiers of the counterculture, liberation and community. An object study of the denim jacket will examine the strategies employed in Prince’s shared visual language, transmedia storytelling and fan-generated clothing. Through an interdisciplinary investigation informed by theoretical work in fashion, media, film and cultural studies, the article seeks to examine how Prince’s bespoke denim jacket both fuels consumption and facilitates placemaking and community building both in physical and digital contexts still to this day.

Mixing Between Jeans and Lace Fabrics to Design Wedding Dress Using Designing-on-the Mannequin Technique

Modelling or shaping on mannequin is a science and an art that has its scientific origins, in addition to the skill required to be acquired to master it. It depends on the individual's ability to innovate, his analytical ability and his skill in work that is characterized by quality, beauty and perfection to produce designs that perform their utilitarian and aesthetic functions. By modelling on mannequin, it is possible to add a shape and surface texture different from the shape and surface of the original material because the modelling method has great potential in this field by making suitable formation of the cloth on the mannequin. Rather, it can make more than one shape and more than one surface appearance for one type of cloth using modelling. This research seeks to analyze and characterize the aesthetic values in the use of jeans fabrics, in the innovative designs of international fashion designers; identify the relationship resulting from mixing jeans and laces in the design of the wedding dress using shaping on mannequin technique; measuring the degree of acceptance among specialists, and Saudi girls of age category (18-25) to the idea of wedding dresses made of lace and jeans fabrics. The research sample included a group of (14) faculty members specialized in the field as well as a group of (60) Saudi girls whose ages range between 18-25. Two questionnaires were used as a tool to measure the sample's attitudes towards the designs. It was found that the design has achieved great success in terms of concept and method of implementation and achieved a good mix of jeans and laces (tulle and lace) in a beautiful way.

Style up your winter look with a vintage denim jacket!

Style up your winter look with a vintage denim jacket!

Effect of ozone washing on the antibacterial property of hemp yarn

With the development of people's concept of clothing, functional textiles have entered people's field of vision, and hemp fiber has attracted widespread attention due to its natural antibacterial properties. In order to maintain the natural antibacterial properties of hemp, this article uses hemp yarn as the raw material to explore the influence of ozone washing on the antibacterial properties of hemp in the finishing process of denim clothing. The results show that three factors affect the antibacterial performance of the yarn: the time of ozone treatment, the moisture content of the yarn, and the pH value. When the yarn moisture content is controlled to 60%, the pH value is set to 7, and the ozone treatment is 20 min, the antibacterial effect is the best, and the antibacterial rate reaches 89.7%. Supplemental data for this article is available online at

Innovative Research on Denim Elements in Modern Fashion Clothing

Centering on the artistic characteristics analysis of denim elements in modern fashion clothing, this paper studies and interprets denim clothing through the popular characteristics and performance of denim elements in modern clothing, analyzes the design modes of denim clothing and the future trend of clothing style from the point of the view of clothing aesthetics, and integrates modern denim elements into modern fashion clothing, thus provides a new way of thinking for denim clothing design and its development direction.