Dendrobium Crumenatum Research Articles

Epiphytic Orchid Inventory and The Host In Bantarbolang Nature Reserve - Central Java

Bantarbolang Nature Reserve is located in the northern part of Central Java Province. The study aiming to verify the plant species of epiphytic orchids and the host tree in the area of Bantarbolang Nature Reserve was conducted in February to April 2019. The research method used in the research was explorative methods. Data were analyzed descriptively. It was recorded that there were 5 epiphytic orchid species, i.e. Rhynchostylis retusa, Aerides odorata, Cymbidium bicolor, Dendrobium crumenatum and Ascocentrum miniatum. The number of orchids found was 148 individuals, the most common species was Rhynchostylis retusa. The host trees are teak (Tectona grandis), putat (Barringtonia acutangula), bulu (Ficus annulata) and bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa) with characteristics of hard stems, cracked surface texture, rough, mossy and not easy to peel.

Molecular Identification of Several Orchid Species Based on OPA10 and OPA18 RAPD Marker

The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic characteristics of nine orchids plants collected by Biology Gardens of Mathematics and Science Faculty of UNY based on OPA10 and OPA18 markers, to detect their genetic relationship, and determining the exact RAPD markers for identification of intraspecies and interspecies orchids. The analysis was carried out by isolating DNA from the leaves of 9 species of orchids (Rhynchostylis retusa, Vanda tricolor, Dendrobium aphyllum, Dendrobium fimbriatum, Dendrobium moschatum, Dendrobium crumenatum, Dendrobium antennatum, Dendrobium anosmum Gigantea Alba and Dendrobium anosmum Gigantea) using TIANGEN DNA healing plant kit. Molecular identification was analysed based on the PCR-RAPD technique using OPA 10 and OPA18 primers. Electrophoregraph of PCR results are converted into binary data and analysed with NTSYSpc 2.02 software. The similarity index (kinship level) was analysed based on UPGMA dendrogram. The results of the analysis showed that there was genetic diversity in 9 orchid plants tested. Intra-species orchids show higher similarity than inter-species. Primer OPA 10, OPA18, and a combination of both shows polymorphism in intra-species orchids.

Karakterisasi Morfologi Anggrek (Orchidaceae) di Hutan Kecamatan Ngaliyan Semarang

Orchid is one ofthe flowering plants with a very high level of diversity, including the diversity of morphological characters it has. This study aims to determine the diversity of orchids (orchidaceae) seen morphologically in the Ngalian sub-district forest in Semarang city. The method used in this study is cruise method and characterization techniques. Analysis of research data was carried out descriptively and displayed in the form of tables and photos. Orchids in the teak forest cover 940 ha, spread in 4 villages, namely Wonosari village, Gondoriyo village, Podorejo village and Wates village. The results showed that there were 3 types of orchid plants (orchidaceae). The types of orchids include Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Bi., Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Rindl. and Dendrobium crumenatum (L.) Sw. The diversity of morphological characters in each species of orchid such as diversity in leaf color, leafshape, leaftip shape, stem color, root type etc.

Studies on the Perimeter : Protoxylem Ratios in Twelve Domesticated Orchid Species

The present study was aimed at ranking twelve domesticated orchid species based on ANOVA of their Perimeter : Protoxylem arch ratios. Two terrestrial orchids, Spathoglottis plicata Blume , Peristeria elata Hook and ten epiphytic orchids, Oncidium flexuosum Sims., Dendrobium crumenatum Sw., Dendrobium var. sonia, Arachnis flosaeris (L.) Rchb. f, Vanda sp., Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Rchb. f., Doritis pulcherrima var. marmorata, Acampe sp., Vanilla sp. and Epidendrum sp. were selected for the present study. The P: Px ratio was observed to correlate with the water adaptive efficiency of the orchids.

Plant inventory of Bogor Botanic Gardens collection that hosts epiphytic orchids

Abstract. Isnaini Y, Novitasari Y. 2019 Plant inventory of Bogor Botanic Gardens collection that hosts epiphytic orchids. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 59-65. Bogor Botanic Gardens is the Ex situ Conservation Center, which is located in the middle of the hustle and bustle of the city of Bogor and one of the tourist destinations for the people of Indonesia and abroad. The functions of the Botanical Gardens include conservation, research, education, tourism and environmental services. This study aims to determine the diversity of plant species cultivated in the Bogor Botanical Gardens which host the epiphytic orchids, as well as the diversity of orchid species. The research was carried out by observing, recording, and photographing orchids attached to the stems and or branches of trees that grow in the Bogor Botanical Gardens, both collection plants and greening plants, and standing plant. Observations were carried out throughout the Bogor Botanical Gardens except in the Orchidarium area and around orchid greenhouses and nurseries. The results showed that there were at least 172 trees hosting the epiphytic orchid consisting of 32 family, 81 genera, and 106 species. The dominant groups that host orchids in the region are Arecaceae, Lythraceae, Rubiaceae, and Moraceae. While orchids found as epiphytes in these plants are Acriopsis lilifolia, Bulbophyllum sp., Cymbidium bicolor, Cymbidium finlaysonianum Dendrobium crumenatum, Dendrobium sp., Dendrobium tetrodon, Eria retusa, Eria sp., Grammatophyllum speciosum, Phalaenopsis amabilis, Polystacia concreta, Polystacia concreta, and Thrixspermum sp. The results of this study are expected to provide information as educational material for all interested parties.

Diversity and conservation strategy of orchids under anthropogenic influence in Taman Wisata Alam Curug Setawing, Yogyakarta

Kurniawan FY, Setiaji A, Putri F, Suyoko A, Semiarti E. 2018. Keanekaragaman. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 4: 173-177. Yogyakarta has unique ecoregions with a high diversity of orchids. Forest in Taman Wisata Alam Curug Setawing (TWACS),Yogyakarta is located in a community protected forest area and keeps a high diversity of orchids. Relative to other plant families,orchids are subject to high levels of threat, such as over-collection, land clearing and climate change. In this study, we describe thediversity of orchids in newly opened tourist areas and their influencing factors and conservation strategies under anthropogenic areas.Ten imaginary plots of 20 m x 20 m each were established randomly by selecting points along the two trail in location. All collectedorchids are identified by matching the collection sample with orchid flora books. 15 species of wild orchids can be found in TWACS.Based on subfamily distribution, 73.33% of species including Epidendroideae, 20% Orchidoideae, and 6.66% Vanilloideae. Based ongrowth form, 46.66% of species belong to epiphytes and 53.33% terestrial orchids. Dendrobium crumenatum has the highest of IVIcompared to other species. Zeuxine sp. found only one individual because it is likely to enter the dormancy period. The study revealsthat to improve the population size, trees (mainly Albizia chinensis, Syzygium aromaticum, bamboo, Artocarpus heterophyllus, andAlbizia saman) should be planted in areas where the orchid species is recently missing through regular inventory.

Characterization of a <i>CONSTANS-like</i> Gene from Pigeon Orchid (<i>Dendrobium crumenatum</i> Swartz) and its Expression under Different Photoperiod Conditions

Characterization of a <i>CONSTANS-like</i> Gene from Pigeon Orchid (<i>Dendrobium crumenatum</i> Swartz) and its Expression under Different Photoperiod Conditions

INVENTARISASI KEANEKARAGAMAN ANGGREK (Orchidaceae) DI HUTAN RESORT WAY KANAN BALAI AMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS SEBAGAI SUMBER INFORMASI DALAM MELESTARIKAN PLASMA NUTFAH

Abstract: Orchid is one of the plants that have different characteristics in each species and its habitat. Orchids (Orchidaceae) or nation is a group that is protected by Government Regulations Number. 7 Th.1999. It is necessary to look at the type of data collections and save it, and look at the characteristics of tropical forests in the Resort Way Kanan. This research aims to inventory orchid the found in Forest Resort of Way Kanan. This research was conducted in December 2014 until January 2015, using purposive sampling method and using techniques Line transeck, cut the line following the path of the Post traking Right Way to the SRS (Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary), in this research using 4 stations between stations within 2km. The results of this study were obtained 23 species of orchids with 9 genera and 14 species include: the genus Dendrobium, Dendrobium creatceum, Dendrobium crumenatum, genus Grammatophyllum, Grammatophyllum scriptum BL, Agrostophyllum genus, the genus Cymbidium, Cymbidium chloranthum, Cymbidium hartinahianum, Calanthe genus, the genus Bulbophyllum, Arachnis sp, Angraecum didieri, Ascocentrum miniatum, Ascocentrum aureum, Coelogyne foerstermanni, golden shower Oncidium, Phalaenopsis amabilis, Spathoglottis sp. Having analyzed the data obtained it has a value equal to 46% of species density and relative density of 88.36% with a diversity index value of 1.3, based on the criteria of the Shannon-Wienner in Fachrul abundant species diversity can be expressed with the criteria being. The results of this study compiled into resources in conserving germplasm in the form of books and banner summary information, because there are some orchids are found in Forest Resort Way Kanan Balai Way Kambas National Park in Government Regulations Number. 7 Th.1999 is a protected species of orchids. Orchid is a protected plant species, therefore it is necessary for us to maintain and preserve it.

Ultrastructural and biochemical alterations during browning of pigeon orchid (Dendrobium crumenatum Swartz) callus

The phenomenon of browning can be a major limitation for orchid callus culture, causing a loss of regenerative capacity and subsequent cell death. This research was conducted to determine the effect of in vitro culture period (1–3 months) on the appearance of tissue browning. Biological alterations at the cellular and subcellular levels, as well as biochemical aspects, were examined. Callus derived from bisected pigeon orchid (Dendrobium crumenatum Swartz) protocorms were cultured on modified Vacin and Went solid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 1 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine. Callus that was not subcultured was collected at 1-month intervals and examined for structural (using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) and biochemical alterations associated with browning. Three-month-old unsubcultured callus cells were loosely arranged and major organelles were deformed, exhibiting nuclear envelope breakage, dysfunctional mitochondria, tannin-filled vesicles and swollen chloroplasts, relative to 1-month-old green callus, which served as the control. Ultrastructural disorganization involving the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts typified enzymatic oxidative browning. Browning 3-month-old callus had significantly higher polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and total phenolic content than control callus. The levels of PPO and total phenolics may serve as useful biochemical markers when selecting suitable callus for subsequent regeneration trials or for particle bombardment in genetic transformation experiments.

Isolation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene from Oncidium Gower Ramsey.

A full-length cDNA of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) family member from Oncidium, named OnACS1 (GenBank accession No. JQ822087) was cloned and characterized by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends technology. The full-length cDNA was 1586 bp, including a 1308-bp open reading frame, a 105-bp 5' untranslated region (UTR), and 173-bp 3' UTR, encoding 436 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of OnACS1 shares 85, 84, and 83% homology with ACS proteins of Cattleya bicolor, Dendrobium crumenatum, and Phalaenopsis hybrid, respectively. Prokaryotic expression and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that a specific band was produced and was consistent with the predicted protein size. A tissue-specific manner of OnACS1 expression was observed, and it was predominantly expressed in the gynostemium. The OnACS1 expression in the sepals and gynandria was upregulated by 1% ethephon treatment.

Frequency of endophytic fungi isolated from Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. (Pigeon orchid) and antimicrobial activity

Mangunwardoyo W, Suciatmih, Gandjar I. 2012. Frequency of endophytic fungi isolated from Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. (Pigeon orchid) and antimicrobial activity. Biodiversitas 13: 34-39. Endophytic microorganisms were found in orchid such as Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. (pigeon orchid), an orchid that sometimes used in traditional medicine. The fungi were isolated from roots, bulbouses, stems, and leaves of D. crumenatum collected from Tanah Baru Housing area, Botanical Garden Bogor, and Herbarium Bogoriense, respectively. Twelve species were identified from 60 samples obtained. Guignardia endophyllicola Okane, Nakagiri, and Ito (anamorph:Phyllosticta capitalensis P. Herm.) were the dominant endophytic mould. Screening of the anti-microorganism activity of the samples revealed that Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Ces. inhibited Candida albicans ATCC 2091 and Candida tropicalis LIPIMC 203. All specimens did not inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25022, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25023.

Optimisation of protoplast isolation protocols using in vitro leaves of Dendrobium crumenatum (pigeon orchid).

Protoplast isolation from in vitro leaves of Dendrobium crumenatum was carried out. Factors affecting protoplast isolation, sorbitol concentration, enzyme combinations and concentration and incubation time for isolation were studied. Results obtained showed that 0.5 M sorbitol was the most effective concentration to isolate the protoplast (25.62×104 protoplasts/g FW). High yield of protoplasts, 20.40×104 protoplasts/ g FW, could also be obtained by using combination of cellulase and pectinase instead of using the enzyme individually. In addition, efficacy of protoplast isolation was improved by 20.12×104 protoplasts/g FW, when 2% (w/v) cellulase and pectinase were used; while incubation for 4 h during the isolation process recorded highest protoplast yield, 28.66×104protoplasts/gFW. Based on the results obtained, we suggest that protoplasts isolation of D. crumenatum from in vitro leaves could be achieved using 0.5 M sorbitol with combination of 2% (w/v) cellulase and pectinase for both enzymes and 4 h incubation time. Key words: Dendrobium crumenatum, cellulase, pectinase, protoplast, sorbitol.

EX SITU ORCHID CONSERVATION - A CASE STUDY FROM THE SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS

Some 226 species of native orchids have been recorded in Singapore. Of these, 178 are considered to be extinct, 40 are critically endangered, one is endangered (Bulbophyllum vaginatum), two are vulnerable (Vanilla griffithii, Bulbophyllum trifolium), and only five are considered to be common (Arundina gramminifolia, Bromheadia finlaysonianum, Dendrobium crumenatum, Eulophia graminea, Spathoglottis plicata). The orchid conservation program at the Singapore Botanic Gardens aims to monitor existing species, explore ways to conserve their germplasm, and increase their number for subsequent re-introduction into appropriate habitats, including managed parks and roadsides. Thus far, we have successfully re-introduced Grammatophyllum speciosum, Bulbophyllum vaginatum, Bulbophyllum membranaceum, Cymbidium finlaysonianum and Cymbidium bicolor. A special designated area at the National Orchid Garden has been set up to showcase the rich diversity of native species. The Orchid Cryo-Seed Bank began several years ago and is showing some promising results. We have successfully stored seeds of several native species including Cymbidium finlaysonianum, Cymbidium bicolor, Grammatophyllum speciosum, Dendrobium crumenatum, Spathoglottis plicata, Bulbophyllum vaginatum, and Dendrobium anosmun.

Morphological and molecular detection of Fusarium chlamydosporum from root endophytes of Dendrobium crumenatum

Fusarium has a cosmopolitan distribution, with some species able to cause diseases in agricultural crops. A number of isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy roots of Dendrobium crumenatum (Orchidaceae) at Universiti Putra Malaysia campus. The isolates were primarily identified as Fusarium chlamydosporum based on morphological characteristics. The cultures were produced in a range of chicory pink to red and brown pigmentation. Only morphological studies of Fusarium can not give any guarantee at the species levels of identification but key the putative species names. Therefore, molecular studies based on gene sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were carried out. The amplified DNA was sequenced and aligned against the reference sequences, previously identified as Fusarium species. Results obtained have shown that all of the isolates putatively identified as F. chlamydosporum were in agreement with the ex-type strains of F. chlamydosporum gene sequences collected from the GenBank database. Thus, data from the present study suggested that the best conceivable connection between the morphological characters and the molecular characters are to use sequence based analysis of the ITS 1/2 regions of the rDNA of the original specimen at the same times as it could be removed any kind of controversial identification of F. chlamydosporum at the species level.

Differential expressions of putative genes in various floral organs of the Pigeon orchid (Dendrobium crumenatum) using GeneFishing

Nine Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were detected in the five floral organs of Dendrobium crumenatum and three DEGs of relatively high expression in the column, were significantly homologous to the small Heat Shock Protein (HSP) differentially regulated during pollen development and heat stress in tobacco (DEG3-8), pectin methylesterase enzyme (PME) which was a male-flower specific gene in Salix gilgiana (DEG6-1) and the 14-3-3 protein which was differentially expressed and upregulated in Malus x domestica (DEG9-9) during fruit ripening. Generally, the differential expressions of the DEGs in the column and other floral organs were distinct, indicating the suppressive role of column DEGs on other floral organ DEGs. Interactions between the other floral DEGs (excluding column DEGs) indicated pattern expression specificity to each floral organ. Following this investigation, further molecular expression investigations are required and essential to develop and establish an orchid floral ontogenic model. Key words: Dendrobium crumenatum, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs), floral organs.

Differential expressions of putative genes in various floral organs of the Pigeon orchid (Dendrobium crumenatum) using GeneFishing

Nine Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were detected in the five floral organs of Dendrobium crumenatum and three DEGs of relatively high expression in the column, were significantly homologous to the small Heat Shock Protein (HSP) differentially regulated during pollen development and heat stress in tobacco (DEG3-8), pectin methylesterase enzyme (PME) which was a male-flower specific gene in Salix gilgiana (DEG6-1) and the 14-3-3 protein which was differentially expressed and upregulated in Malus x domestica (DEG9-9) during fruit ripening. Generally, the differential expressions of the DEGs in the column and other floral organs were distinct, indicating the suppressive role of column DEGs on other floral organ DEGs. Interactions between the other floral DEGs (excluding column DEGs) indicated pattern expression specificity to each floral organ. Following this investigation, further molecular expression investigations are required and essential to develop and establish an orchid floral ontogenic model.

Regulation of flower development in Dendrobium crumenatum by changes in carbohydrate contents, water status and cell wall metabolism

The involvement of carbohydrates, water potential, cell wall components and cell wall-based enzymes in regulating flower development in Dendrobium crumenatum was investigated. Plants were subjected to cold treatment to release floral buds from dormancy, and the various parameters were investigated from young floral bud stage till flower senescence. Development of floral buds was accompanied by progressive decrease in concentrations of fructans and starch. Upon full flower opening, concentration of soluble sugars was maximum, accompanied by a more negative water potential. High pectin methylesterase activity was observed during early bud development and decreased thereafter. Significant increase in activities of β-galactosidase, β-mannosidase and β-xylosidase was also observed during floral bud development. The cell walls of sepals and petals were modified extensively during floral bud and flower development, as observed by changes in the amounts of celluloses, hemicelluloses and total pectin. Pectin solubilisation was also observed to commence during early floral bud development. These results indicated that carbohydrate hydrolysis, osmotic changes and cell wall dissolution that began early in young floral buds, all regulated flower development in this sympodial orchid. Possible applications of the findings in the horticultural industry are discussed.

Floral organ identity genes in the orchid Dendrobium crumenatum

Orchids are members of Orchidaceae, one of the largest families in the flowering plants. Among the angiosperms, orchids are unique in their floral patterning, particularly in floral structures and organ identity. The ABCDE model was proposed as a general model to explain flower development in diverse plant groups, however the extent to which this model is applicable to orchids is still unknown. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying orchid flower development, we isolated candidates for A, B, C, D and E function genes from Dendrobium crumenatum. These include AP2-, PI/GLO-, AP3/DEF-, AG- and SEP-like genes. The expression profiles of these genes exhibited different patterns from their Arabidopsis orthologs in floral patterning. Functional studies showed that DcOPI and DcOAG1 could replace the functions of PI and AG in Arabidopsis, respectively. By using chimeric repressor silencing technology, DcOAP3A was found to be another putative B function gene. Yeast two-hybrid analysis demonstrated that DcOAP3A/B and DcOPI could form heterodimers. These heterodimers could further interact with DcOSEP to form higher protein complexes, similar to their orthologs in eudicots. Our findings suggested that there is partial conservation in the B and C function genes between Arabidopsis and orchid. However, gene duplication might have led to the divergence in gene expression and regulation, possibly followed by functional divergence, resulting in the unique floral ontogeny in orchids.

Determination of the genetic relationship of Dendrobium species (Orchidaceae) in Taiwan based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA

The genetic relationship of 12 Dendrobium species in Taiwan was determined based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. Aligned sequences of the complete ITS region obtained from the 12 taxa and two outgroups resulted in 684 characters. Genetic distances and a phylogenetic tree were constructed, and four main clusters were generated among the 12 Dendrobium species. From the results, Dendrobium linawianum, Dendrobium moniliforme, Dendrobium tosaense, Dendrobium leptoclandum, and Dendrobium falconeri are grouped with Dendrobium aurantiacum; Dendrobium chameleon is grouped with Dendrobium miyakei; and Dendrobium crumenatum is grouped with Dendrobium equitans. In addition, Dendrobium furcatopedicellatum and Dendrobium somai are grouped together but are separated from other Dendrobium species. In the present study, results also support Epigeneium nakaharai not being placed in the genus Dendrobium. In addition, it may be preferable to place D. furcatopedicellatum and D. somai in a genus different from Dendrobium.

Histological and protein changes during early stages of seed germination in the orchid,Dendrobium crumenatum

SummaryDuring germination of seed of the tropical epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium crumenatum, cell division at the chalazal end of the globular embryo occurred after one week of culture on Vacin and Went medium. The larger cells at the middle and basal regions of the embryo continued to enlarge with distinct nuclei and chromatin, indicative possibly of endoduplication. Shoot apex organization at the chalazal end occurred after four weeks of culture. Mobilization of stored reserves was seen as a reduction in the granular nature of the cytoplasm after two weeks in culture. Utilization of protein reserves occurred within 6 d of germination. Subsequently, do novo synthesis and accumulation of cvs proteins increased steadily and reached an equilibrium between 18 and 24 d. Changes in profiles of specific proteins indicated development-specific protein accumulation. Two proteins of Mr 14 and 33 kDa were highly abundant in dry seeds but were degraded within 6 d of germination indicating their possible nutritive role...