Democratic Process Research Articles

Food democracy and the right to the city: Re-assembling urban food environments in East-Central London

Under the banner of “the right to the city,” scholars and activists reclaim the rights of urban dwellers to access, use and shape their urban space. However, few studies have examined how this right to the city is interpreted, negotiated and exercised in practice. To address this gap, we explore democratisation processes that aim to increase popular control over the production of urban food environments. Based on a case study of East-Central London and using assemblage thinking as an analytical framework, this article explores how more democratic food environments are being (dis)assembled. Our findings highlight the complexity of (dis)assembling practices, which are shaping a partial and fragile version of urban (food) democracy, shifting control away from capitalist structures but, at the same time, relying on state's support for co-designing and co-managing democratic food environments.

Media Circus and Mass Hysteria: The Representation of the Press in Flemish Fiction Series

By undertaking a textual analysis of five Flemish (Belgium) television series, this study contributes to the broader understanding of European journalism fiction. The findings underscore a prevailing negative representation of journalism, emphasizing commercial interests and portraying news outlets as disruptive forces in democratic processes. As such, the Flemish series advocate for a collaborative relationship between news media and government officials, aligning with a public service-oriented model. At the same time, a discernible pattern emerges wherein critical assessments predominantly target fictional news brands, systematically contrasted with more neutral portrayals of non-fictional news brands. Lastly, the series perpetuate gendered stereotypes thereby highlighting a lack of inclusivity.

Treading the Narrow Path – Rethinking Democratic Education in Times of Polarization

Abstract This essay examines the relationship between knowledge, politics, and education in the context of the global crisis of democracy and the growing prevalence of political polarization. Focusing on the issue of vaccine hesitancy, I explore how citizens’ reference to knowledge and values shapes their political judgements and argue for the importance of education in facilitating informed and reasoned decision-making. Drawing on Hannah Arendt’s dialectical account of politics and knowledge, I highlight the limitations of reducing political debates to a quest for ‘right knowledge’, arguing that it neglects the coordination of diverse values and interpretations that is essential to democratic processes. To do so, I discuss ‘educationalization’ of the political during the COVID-19 pandemic, wherein the dissemination of empirically grounded information became a strategy to generate public consent. However, my essay cautions against the hegemony of empirical knowledge, which can lead to despotic politics and the proliferation of misinformation. To ensure differentiated and reasonable judgements in uncertain situations and conflicts, I turn to Arendt’s concept of reflective and political judgement, emphasizing the ability to imagine others’ perspectives and construct general principles. The educational task, therefore, encompasses not only conveying factual knowledge but also nurturing reflective judgement that strikes a balance between factual truth and divergent interpretations, values, and interests.

Vietnam in the democratization process: Dynamics from the process of international integration and the development of information-communication technology

This article delves into the complex dynamics of Vietnam’s democratization process, highlighting the simultaneous influences of international integration and advancements in science and technology. This study investigates the impact of Vietnam’s increasing involvement in the global economy and international community, as well as its adoption of technological advancements, on the country’s path toward democratization. The study utilizes a mixed approach, blending qualitative analysis of scientific documents, Vietnamese government policies, and quantitative data on the democracy index from international organizations. It identifies international integration as a double edged sword: on one hand, it boosts economic growth and development, driving the democratic transition process forward; on the other hand, it also leads to economic dependence and inequality, potentially impeding democratic reform. The findings of this study show that the rapid progress of science and technology, especially information and communication technology, presents both opportunities and difficulties for Vietnam’s democratic process. It provides unparalleled opportunities for widespread involvement in political activities and the spread of democratic principles, but it also carries the risk of social unrest and the potential for the authoritarian state to control and manipulate information.

Unmasking the Authoritarian Mob Boss: A Critical Analysis of Donald Trump’s Political Leadership

This article comprehensively examines Donald Trump’s political leadership, arguing that his tenure as the 45th President of the United States exhibited characteristics commonly associated with authoritarian mob bosses. Drawing upon various empirical evidence and theoretical political science frameworks, the study sheds light on the underlying dynamics that shaped Trump’s leadership style and its implications for democratic governance. The analysis begins by contextualizing Trump’s rise to power within the erosion of democratic norms. It explores how his rhetoric, characterized by demagoguery and the demonization of opponents, mirrors the tactics employed by mob bosses to consolidate their power and suppress dissent. Moreover, the study uncovers the striking similarities between Trump’s administration management and the hierarchical structures of organized crime, highlighting his reliance on loyalty, personal connections, and a disregard for institutional checks and balances. Furthermore, this research delves into Trump’s autocratic tendencies, as evidenced by his disdain for the free press, attacks on the judiciary, and attempts to undermine the integrity of democratic processes. It reveals how these actions align with the strategies employed by authoritarian leaders to silence opposition and perpetuate their dominance. By examining Trump’s presidency through process tracing, this study contributes to our understanding of the complex relationship between authoritarianism and the erosion of democratic institutions. The findings underscore the urgent need for continued scholarly and public scrutiny of leaders who exhibit traits akin to authoritarian mob bosses to safeguard the principles of democratic governance and protect the integrity of liberal democracies.

Ethnic diversity and electoral democracy in Sudan before and after the Arab spring

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of ethnic diversity on electoral democracy in Sudan, a nation grappling with ethnic, sectarian, and regional identity politics. Using a mixed-method approach, the study employs Time Series analysis from 1990 to 2019, followed by theoretical analysis to explore the relationship between ethnic diversity and electoral democracy. The framework of this study draws from relevant studies on this nexus, incorporating factors such as racial/ethnic voting motivations, corruption, institutional dynamics, conflict, and individual income. The study bridges a gap in the existing literature by providing insights into the mechanisms through which ethnic identities shape democratisation processes in the African region. The findings reveal an influence of ethnic diversity on electoral democracy, as evidenced by factors such as violent conflicts, political institutions, and economic inequality. Additionally, the study delves into contemporary implications of ethnic dynamics on democratic processes, particularly examining the military confrontations between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) since April 2023. The practical implications of this study lie in developing effective strategies to mitigate the political repercussions of ethnicity, thereby fostering a peaceful democratic transition. Therefore, the findings may not be readily applicable to other regions or nations with distinct historical, cultural, or geopolitical contexts that might influence the interplay between ethnic diversity and electoral democracy differently.

Pro-Western or pro-Russian? Elections, foreign policy and inter-party rivalry in Georgia

ABSTRACT The article studies Georgia’s relations with Russia and the West as an object of rivalry among Georgian political parties. It argues that political parties have instrumentalized Russian–Georgian relations by picturing a) other political parties, b) politicians, and c) government policies as pro-Russian, in an attempt to delegitimize their opponents. Since the Georgian political establishment perceives the West as a source of internal and external legitimacy, the instrumentalization of Georgia’s Western policy has taken place in a complex way. On the one hand, political parties have positioned themselves as pro-Western actors and depicted their opponents as a threat to Georgia’s Western future. On the other hand, being sensitive towards the West’s assessment of Georgia’s democratization process, they used it to delegitimize their opponents and legitimize themselves. Delegitimization attempts occurred not only between the ruling party and the opposition, but also among opposition parties themselves.

Comprehending Manipulative Tactics In Elections

General elections (Pemilu) are a strong foundation of democracy, but are often affected by various manipulative tactics used by political actors. This article aims to present a literature review of manipulative tactics that often appear in the context of general elections. We analyze various empirical and theoretical studies that highlight manipulative practices such as duping the masses, spreading fake news, money politics, voter intimidation, and gerrymandering. Through a synthesis of the literature, we identify the factors that drive the use of manipulative tactics and their impact on democratic integrity. Additionally, we explore efforts to address manipulative tactics, including stricter regulations, voter education, and the role of media and civil society in combating practices that undermine democratic processes. This analysis provides a deeper understanding of political dynamics in general elections and their relevance in the context of sustainable democratic development.

Contradictions and Challenges: University Teachers’ Views on Performance Evaluation Models in Portugal and Spain

Teacher performance evaluation is a key component of high performing quality assurance education systems. The main focus of the present paper is to examine how international trends in teacher evaluation policies determine teachers’ working conditions in different higher education contexts. A comparative study was implemented at two public universities of Southern Europe (Portugal and Spain), with the aim of elucidating university teachers’ perceptions regarding the current teacher evaluation model. To achieve this, we conducted 28 semi-structured interviews, employing a comparative approach in their design. The findings suggest that participants encounter discrepancies within the stated objectives of teacher performance evaluation in higher education. Such evaluation is perceived as an external imposition with a very poor democratic process, focusing mostly on the quantitative perspective and with uncertain consequences.

Does democracy stimulate remittances?

AbstractThe phenomenon of remittances is the subject of intense debate among politicians, researchers, and academics. This is because it touches on a multitude of human, economic, and financial aspects. This paper empirically investigates the empirical relationship between political systems and remittances in order to understand how changes in political systems in the home and host countries affect remittances. By using the gravity model of bilateral remittance flows for 101 sending countries and 92 developing receiving countries for the period 2010–2017. Findings indicate that strengthening democratic processes in countries of origin leads to more remittances. This result is most pronounced in low‐income countries. However, democracy in host countries has a negative effect on remittances. These findings are robust to the different techniques and specifications used. Strengthening democratic institutions in low‐income countries can attract more financial flows.

Artificial Intelligence and Media-politics: A Revolution in Communicative Dynamics?

This study aims to delve into communicative interactions within the realm of online politics, with a specific emphasis on the increasingly significant role of artificial intelligence (AI). In an era where digital technologies are radically transforming communication flows, the introduction of AI into political processes opens new prospects, but also presents numerous challenges. The research seeks to understand how these technologies are influencing political language and user engagement strategies, with profound repercussions on social and political dynamics. The methodology employed combines both qualitative and quantitative analysis. On the one hand, a qualitative analysis was conducted on AI-generated content within online political discussions, examining how this content influences political narratives and shape’s public opinion. On the other hand, a quantitative analysis evaluated the dynamics of engagement and interaction across various digital platforms, measuring the impact of AI on user behaviour and information dissemination. The findings of this research reveal that AI is not only transforming the language of politics but also altering the ways individuals participate in public debate. Artificial intelligences not only facilitate new forms of communication but can also influence power dynamics, either reinforcing or destabilizing existing structures. Based on these results, it is essential to balance technological innovation with the protection of democratic processes, ensuring that the use of AI is transparent, ethical, and oriented toward the common good. In conclusion, this contribution highlights the need for public debate and ongoing research on the social and political implications of AI, so that these technologies can positively contribute to the future of democracy.

Gender politics in Costa Rica: from descriptive to substantive representation

ABSTRACT Costa Rica is a democratic exemplar, having maintained a critical mass of female legislators over two decades and approached gender parity in political offices; thus, it is a useful context for examining theories of change for gender representation. We use process-tracing to track the evolution of descriptive representation and examine when and how critical actors affect the legislative process in Costa Rica. We evaluate the extent to which critical mass representation has advanced substantive gender representation—the adoption of legislation favorable to women’s interests—through case studies of the 2020 law on street sexual harassment, and the 2022 law on violence against women in politics. We find that greater descriptive representation provides a pivot point for substantive representation, although critical actors in the form of key legislators and women’s organizations provide the necessary agency for legislative successes. The case study contributes to both theories and methods for understanding how descriptive representation and substantive representation interact in the democratic legislative process.

Weak party system institutionalization and autocratization: evidence from Tunisia

ABSTRACT Why do party systems remain weak in transitioning countries in ways that can hamper the democratization process? We answer this question through a case study of Tunisia, which was the only success story of the Arab uprisings. Tunisia has experienced a process of autocratization since President Saied's presidential coup in 2021. Utilizing a historical institutionalist framework, we conducted interviews with 15 leaders from the major political parties. We find that, in contrast to conventional wisdom, the strong party institutionalization under authoritarian rule did not lead to an institutionalized party system after authoritarian rule ended. We attribute this dynamic to the inability of regime-successor parties to institutionalize, perpetuating democratic vulnerabilities inherited from authoritarian rule. We also find that too-powerful civil societies can be detrimental to transitions. The labour union, UGTT, acted as a de facto veto player and limited the ability of cabinets to implement reforms. Furthermore, leftist parties could not benefit from the UGTT's base. The 2011 revolution was a critical juncture that could have facilitated the establishment of an institutionalized party system. However, the political elite's institutional choices put additional challenges on parties. The weakness of the party system in turn contributed to President Saied's self-coup and dismantling of Tunisia's democratic institutions.

Higher Education and Citizen Skills

Purpose: Reflect on the importance and impact of citizenship competencies in higher education, taking into account various aspects in society and the world at a political, economic and social level. Methodology: The methodology of the article is based on the reflective qualitative method. Sánchez Silva (2005) defines it as follows: “The reflective tradition privileges values, norms and creates patterns of behavior that favor an analytical and critical attitude aimed at reviewing and evaluating ideas, assumptions, theories and conventional methods” (p.116). ). Furthermore, according to Edmund Husserl (cited by Menéndez, 2012), reflection is fundamental in phenomenology, being one of its main tasks to analyze experiences in an organized way. Results and Conclusions: The integration of citizenship competencies in higher education is essential to develop critical and reflective thinking skills in students, as well as deep awareness and social responsibility. Students not only learn to critically analyze and evaluate information, but also prepare to actively participate in civic and democratic life. This includes the ability to make informed decisions, value diversity and participate in democratic processes, which strengthens social cohesion and promotes more just and equitable communities. Implications: This research provides implications for educational and government policies to continue strengthening Citizen Competencies policies in higher education institutions. Originality/value: This research offers novelty by reflecting on how public policies impact citizen competencies in higher education.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI MANAJEMEN SIMPATISAN SEBAGAI OPTIMALISASI PEMENANGAN PEMILU LEGISLATIF

In the effort to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of political campaigns for legislative elections, the development of information technology plays a critical role. This research focuses on designing and developing a supporter management application specifically tailored to assist legislative candidates in managing and analyzing their supporter data. The application is equipped with key features such as supporter registration, coordinator management across various administrative levels (RT, RW, District), automated WhatsApp messaging for direct communication and as a form of appreciation, and a quick count feature to facilitate vote tallying. Additionally, the application offers comprehensive data analysis capabilities, allowing legislative candidates to understand supporter characteristics based on various categories such as age, occupation, and education level. This analysis feature is crucial for formulating more effective and targeted campaign strategies. The development method employed is the waterfall method, which includes stages of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This application has been used by legislative candidates in the DPRD of Tangerang Regency in the 2024 local elections and has shown positive results by enhancing supporter engagement and loyalty through structured and systematic communication. The application is expected to be an effective and reliable tool in supporting legislative election campaign strategies, contributing significantly to a more transparent and participatory democratic process

Utilization of Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence Tools in the Election Campaign in the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Slovakia – Analysis of Case Studies

The article focuses on the issue of using artificial intelligence tools and algorithms in parliamentary election campaigns in Poland and Slovakia. In the first part of the article, the process of the conceptualization of the terms artificial intelligence and microtargeting was carried out. This was followed by an analysis of the legal conditions related to the use of artificial intelligence in election campaigns. The empirical part of the paper presents the results of the conducted research, presenting examples of the use of artificial intelligence in the 2023 parliamentary campaign. Campaigns in Poland and Slovakia were the subject of analysis. The main research question of the paper is as follows: how does artificial intelligence influence democratic processes in Poland and Slovakia? For the purposes of the paper, several research methods were used: institutional-legal analysis, comparative method and empirical research – analysis of content published on the Internet.

Enhancing Institutional Elections: A Case for Electronic Voting Systems at Kenya Institute of Mass Communication (KIMC)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the possible advantages of establishing an EVS at the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication (KIMC). With an emphasis on increased voter trust, lower expenses, and increased efficiency, the research seeks to assess the viability and benefits of implementing an EVS for KIMC elections. Methodology: Using a case study methodology, this study will examine the material that has already been written about EVSs and interview important KIMC stakeholders to learn about their present voting procedures and difficulties. Findings: The system of voting ought to be fast in terms of casting votes as well as tallying to eliminate long queues and anxiety of voters waiting for result. System voting is more preferred choice as opposed to the use of papers and boxes. Ballots are more expensive since they are bought every time election is conducted. System voting is more comfortable and done at ease with fewer resources in terms of money and time. On other hand manual system is inefficient, insecure, incorrect and expensive. A need therefore arises to develop System voting to manage voting process efficiently and effectively. Electronic voting systems, or EVSs, present a strong substitute for conventional paper-based ballots, guaranteeing improved electoral efficiency, security, and transparency. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This research will contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role of EVSs in promoting democratic processes within institutions. The findings will provide valuable insights for KIMC administrators in making informed decisions regarding the adoption and implementation of an EVS. This study can inform policy discussions on the broader application of EVSs in Kenyan institutions.

Giving Voice: Examining the Tactical Repertoires of Nonprofit Advocacy for Disadvantaged Populations

Abstract Representation is an important role of the nonprofit sector as these organizations can give voice to the priorities of their constituents. This is particularly important for disadvantaged communities that may lack access to traditional democratic processes. What advocacy tactics are most utilized by nonprofit organizations serving disadvantaged populations? Given variation in nonprofit advocacy tactics, which tactics are perceived as most effective? To answer these questions, we look to the framework of tactical repertoires from sociological studies of social movements. Analysis of a survey of New England nonprofits (N = 656, 55 % response rate) indicates that nonprofits serving disadvantaged populations use similar tactics to organizations advocating for other constituencies but employ them at higher rates. These tactics cluster into three tactical repertoires, each a different combination of advocacy tactics. Perceptions of advocacy effectiveness are associated with the size and nature of tactical repertoires, client participation in advocacy, government funding, and perceptions of the policy environment.

Penggunaan Tata Bahasa Netizen Dikolom Komentar Instragram Yang Membicarakan Tentang Pemilu 2024

Abstract This study aims to investigate the use of netizen grammar in the Instagram comment section discussing the 2024 Election issue, with a focus on language style, conversational patterns, and their impact on public opinion and the democratic process. Employing a qualitative approach, data for this research were collected through direct observation of netizen comments on Instagram. When netizens engage in communication about political issues like the 2024 Election, the grammar they use plays a crucial role in shaping how messages are conveyed and received. This study highlights several common grammar mistakes that may occur, such as spelling errors, improper punctuation usage, and the use of impolite language. For instance, the use of "hati2" instead of "hati-hati" and inconsistent capitalization in "Pak" when used in a context of respect. Analyzing these grammar errors not only aids in understanding how netizens communicate online but also demonstrates their potential impact on public opinion. For example, grammar mistakes can diminish the quality of the message conveyed and influence how it is perceived by readers. Through specific examples, such as errors in sentences expressing prayers for a candidate, this study illustrates how grammar mistakes can reduce communication effectiveness and lower the quality of online discussions. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of consistency in using formal language in political contexts. Formal language not only reflects politeness in communication but also strengthens public trust in the messages conveyed. Therefore, by improving understanding and practice of correct grammar, it is hoped that online political discussions can become more productive, meaningful, and constructive. The benefits of this research also extend to identifying grammar errors that can affect perceptions of political figures or issues discussed in the context of the 2024 Election. By gaining a better understanding of the dynamics of political communication on social media, it is also possible to enhance public participation in the democratic process. Overall, this study seeks to provide insights into how netizen grammar in Instagram comment sections can influence interactions and public opinions on sensitive political issues. Thus, this research is relevant not only to academics in linguistics and communication but also to political practitioners and the general public seeking a deeper understanding of social media's role in shaping political perceptions and participation.

Impoliteness Strategies In The Third Indonesia Presidential Debate 2024: Pragmatics Research

This research examines the impoliteness strategies employed during the third Indonesian Presidential Debate of 2024 from a pragmatic perspective. Using Jonathan Culpeper's theories of impoliteness (1996, 2011) as a theoretical framework, the research aims to identify and analyze the types of impoliteness strategies used by presidential candidates and determine their functions within the debate context. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected from the Kompas TV YouTube channel's broadcast of the debate. The research focuses on identifying instances of bald-on-record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm/mock politeness, and withhold politeness. Additionally, it examines whether these strategies serve affective, coercive, or entertaining functions. Preliminary analysis reveals the presence of four types of impoliteness strategies: bald-on-record, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and sarcasm. Notably, bald-on-record impoliteness emerged as the most frequently used strategy, while no instances of withhold politeness were observed. The affective function was found to be the most prevalent, suggesting that candidates often employ impoliteness to express emotions and influence audience perceptions. This research contributes to the field of pragmatics by providing insights into language use in high-stakes political contexts. It also offers a deeper understanding of how impoliteness strategies can impact public perception and the democratic process in Indonesia. The findings may serve as a valuable resource for future studies on political discourse and communication strategies in presidential debates.