Demands Of Labor Market Research Articles

Development of soft-skills as an integral part of secondary vocational education

The world is changing rapidly, what was relevant yesterday is no longer in demand in the modern labor market. The main task of secondary vocational education is to keep up with the times and prepare qualified specialists to meet the needs of the modern economy. The article examines the problem of the importance of soft-skills development in the structure of secondary vocational education, raises the question of closer attention to educational programs in terms of the development of personal qualities and human capital. The author reveals the concept of “soft” skills, and also draws attention to the abilities that are most in demand by modern employers. The definition of “hard skills” is given and it is shown why only complex possession of “soft” and “hard” qualities allows you to be a high-class specialist. The methods of developing “soft” skills in the process of obtaining secondary vocational education are proposed. The article summarizes the experience of the teaching staff of the Vologda Technical School of Railway Transport in the field of the formation of supra-professional skills: pedagogical technologies used by teachers in the classroom are presented, a variety of extracurricular activities that contribute to the harmonious development of the student is described. The article is written based on scientific literature, as well as regulatory and legal sources.

To the 120th anniversary of the Vologda Technical School of Railway Transport

Vologda Technical School of Railway Transport — a branch of the PSUPS, one of the oldest educational institutions of secondary vocational education in the region, traces its history back to 1902, this year it turns 120 years old. Over the years of its existence, the educational organization has experienced different periods of its development, closely related to the history of the country, with the stages of development of railway transport. Loyalty to traditions, the ability to work for the future allow the college to be among the leading educational institutions of secondary vocational education in the country, this is confirmed by its graduates who successfully realize themselves in the railway industry. Some of them became doctors and candidates of sciences, heads of structural divisions of JSC “Russian Railways”, heads of factories, heads of depots, heads and masters of workshops, high-class machinists.The article presents an essay on the 120-year history of the Vologda Technical School of Railway Transport. The experience of the teaching staff in the field of formation of a highly qualified specialist in demand in the modern labor market is summarized. The achievements of the teaching staff and students at the present time are demonstrated. The article is based on scientific literature, historical sources and regulatory legal acts.

The gap between university studies and labour market in journalism: opening educational community example in China

With the rapid development of information and communication technology, conventional news production practices have been disrupted and have evolved to meet the needs of new media era. The labor market also puts forward new requirements for journalism education. This article aimed to investigate the contradiction between supply and demand of journalism talent training and how to cope with it. Universities curricula and labor market demands was examined by the method of online survey, content analysis and interviewing students.Findings show that companies are increasingly keen to employ the people who have new media skills, video production/data analysis skills, previous experience, good communication ability and the ability to work under pressure. Despite difference that existed, some universities offer burgeoning practical and interdisciplinary courses. There is still a gap between the universities curricula and market demand. Finally, this study proposes the concept of "Opening educational community" to cope with the changes of media labor market and bridge the gap between them.

The impact of digital economy development on the demand and supply of labor market

With the continuous development of the digital economy, the labor market has been affected to some extent. Therefore, in order to prevent employment problems caused by the changes, this paper will study the impact of the development of the digital economy on the supply and demand of the labor market. This paper will find out whether the market matches the supply and demand of labor by combining the analysis of how the digital economy affects the demand and supply of the labor market. Through the research, this paper finds that in the long term, the changes in labor supply roughly match the changes in demand affected by the digital economy; in the short term, the labor supply cannot match the demand for jobs in some fields in terms of quantity. This study helps to provide entry points and methods to solve employment problems in the context of digital economy development.

Beyond ‘supply and demand’: Moving from skills ‘planning’ to seeing skills as endogenous to the economy

This article questions the notion of supply and demand of skills, and, accordingly, the rules and tools that have been developed for skills anticipation in South Africa. I argue that there is nowhere ‘outside’ of the economy where skills are produced. Rather, a society and an economy need to be seen as an organism, where skill formation is a complex set of moving parts. The concept of supply and demand is unhelpful to think about skill formation because it directs our attention towards specific moving parts in isolation from the broader factors that shape them. This explains why, despite the existence of extensive tools and institutions for skills anticipation, and numerous institutions for social dialogue and stakeholder engagement, researchers and policy-makers argue that South Africa has an inadequate supply of the skills that are needed in the workplace and concomitant skills mismatches. The article also presents more specific problems with the rules and tools, particularly in the way the systems and institutions for understanding labour market demand interact with the systems and tools for the supply of skills – especially those tools that govern and shape skills provision. It argues further that, whereas there are real problems with these rules and tools, and while they can certainly be improved, the broad goals that they are intended to achieve will not be attained even with better tools, but that different conceptual lenses are required instead.

Teacher education and early teaching career

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the early working careers of graduates from teacher education using Norwegian register data. The longitudinal data follows the individuals up to 12 years after graduation. The analysis is on net attrition since mobility both out of and into teacher positions is taken into account. The findings reveal a gradual net attrition from teacher positions of about 1.3 percentage points yearly, starting 1–3 years after graduation. Some of the attrition is to leadership positions in education, but the main attrition is to jobs outside education. The attrition is mainly among males and graduates with relatively high measured academic ability, and it differs greatly across teacher education types. The differences in the probability of teaching related to gender and academic ability are low shortly after graduation, but increase over time. Teacher education graduates for secondary schooling work as teachers to the lowest degree. These systematic patterns are related to both the demand and supply side of the teacher labour market.

Compliance of the Quality of Educational Services Provided by Vocational Education Institutions With the Labor Market Demand in Qualified Staff Under Economic Crisis

The labor potential in Ukraine functions under the economic crisis and social contradictions in society. At such times, there is a need to develop a mechanism for compliance of the educational services market with the labor market needs, taking into account the balance of supply and demand for labor. The article aims to thoroughly study the compliance of the quality of educational services provided by vocational education institutions (hereinafter - VEIs) to the needs of the regional labor market in qualified staff and professional career development. To conduct the research, the authors used a set of theoretical and empirical methods: theoretical. The authors have tested the analysis system of professional success of vocational education graduates and developed technology for evaluating the effectiveness and quality of educational services provided by VEIs. By the above, the authors offer to organize activities of Advisory Committees and Professional Councils in the field as an innovative interaction form between vocational education institutions and employers in the professional educational environment.

Alignment of Higher Education Study Programs and Job Market Demand using Machine Learning Techniques – A Case Study on Balkan Countries’ Universities

Nowadays, a great importance is given to the compatibility between the demands of the labor market and the study programs offered by universities. It is an issue which is constantly addressed by different countries of the world. In our research, we address this issue for universities in the region, including Kosovo, Northern Macedonia, and Albania. Three universities are involved in the research, when the comparison of study programs and labor market demands is made through automated tools. This comparison is made for the technology programs which are offered by these universities, also the labor market demands which are extracted from the websites are from the field of technology. Also, at the end of our research we are be able to see the analysis which has been done between the study programs from the universities of the region and the job demands of the European market.

Intelligent Optimization Method of the Higher Vocational Education System for Labor Market Demand in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

The current educational development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is not enough to support the construction of a world-class bay area, so the education reform and innovation in the Greater Bay Area face many challenges. This study systematically sorts out the challenges faced by education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, starting from the interpretation of the talent training standards in the new era, and proposes that the education innovation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should re-understand and implement the national education right of the SAR, improve the standards and raining quality of talents, and strengthen innovation-driven development, and an education system with the characteristics of the Greater Bay Area should be built to give full play to the role of education in regional economic development and to cultivate talents in the new era.

PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED EXTENSIVE READING AS A TYPE OF IT STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK

The present work aims to analyse and describe ways of integrating extensive reading into the high educational process. The article proves the necessity of providing the independent work of students who study Information Technologies in tertiary education as it is a vital and motivating way for students to accumulate professional information, acquire new knowledge, gain valuable experience, and upgrade 21st-century skills. To meet the demands of the global labour market, IT students need to understand documentation and scientific literature. They should be ready to participate in conferences, webinars, masterclasses or meetings, to collaborate and communicate in a team via speaking English as it is the most widespread language in the professional environment. Since IT students are fascinated by their speciality, we suggest reading professional literature as one of the ways of obtaining information and increasing the level of professional competence. The article shows the advantages of extensive reading of professional literature and offers examples of websites with level and content-appropriate texts. The authors confirm the positive and beneficial results of extensive reading as part of IT students` independent work.

Comparing learning opportunities of generic skills in higher education to the requirements of the labour market

In research on higher education, the link between education and future professional success is well-documented. Little research, however, has been done about existing learning opportunities at institutions of higher education that help students acquire generic skills and on the fit between such learning opportunities and labor market demands. To address these questions, we adapted an existing scale for assessing areas of generic skills, which originated in research on job requirements, and transferred it to a survey of students (N = 4,258). We also implemented a comparable questionnaire, assessing the same set of generic skills, in a graduate survey (N = 378). The results of our study show that by using a theoretical model such as this, it is possible to connect student and graduate surveys related to generic skills. Factor analysis provides evidence for the theoretical expected areas for students. Cluster analysis of student data suggests that learning opportunities for generic skills differ according to field of study. We conclude by discussing our study’s limitations and implications.

THE ESSENCE OF THE DUAL FORM OF EDUCATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article focuses on the need to substantiate the essence and structure of professional training of future skilled workers according to the dual form of education. The interpretation of the main key concepts from the point of view of domestic and foreign scientific opinion is considered: «essence», «structure», «professional competence». Based on the analysis and generalization of scientific research, it was established that professional competence is considered as the formation of future qualified workers according to motivational, cognitive, activity and reflexive criteria. The system model is presented in the form of four interconnected components: value-motivational, innovativecognitive, professional-active, reflective-evaluative. The model of the dual form of education in Germany is disclosed. It was determined that interaction at the individual and institutional level is considered one of the most effective tools for building the professional education system. In our opinion, a theoretical analysis of pedagogical sources of educational and methodological, psychological, pedagogical literature and scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers, regulatory and legal documents has been carried out; modeling (synthesis), comparison, classification, systematization and generalization of theoretical and experimental data. Analysis of sources regarding the prerequisites and features of updating the content of vocational education, management issues of the vocational education system, relevant changes in the vocational training system of qualified workers, bringing the structure of vocational education into line with labor market demand and employers’ requirements. Attention is focused on the formation of professionally important qualities in future specialists, manifested in psychological, theoretical and practical preparation for professional activity. The main reasons and shortcomings of the modern system of professional training are determined, the directions of modernization of professional training of specialists in professional (vocational and technical) education institutions are substantiated. It was concluded that the introduction of elements of a dual form of education into the professional training of future skilled workers is of strategic importance for the development of our country. The use of these elements will increase the attractiveness of training skilled workers; will ensure increased mobility and competitiveness of graduates of vocational and technical education institutions on the labor market; will provide an opportunity for applicants to join the most modern production technologies; will improve the level with employers.

The resilience of VET: Managing economic shocks, ageing, and technological change in an age of uncertainty

Abstract Since the mid 1990s vocational and education and training systems across Europe have had to respond to a number of external factors which have transformed the demand for skills. This paper examines the way in which VET systems have responded to the external factors and increase their resilience in the face of external shocks of one kind or another. The paper also reveals the way in which VET increasing established itself as a mainstream option for young people over the same period because of its capacity to deliver skills which the labour market demands.

Trends in the functioning of the Ukrainian insurance services market

The Ukrainian market of insurance services is at the stage of formation and development in the absence of a clearly defined model for further functioning. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the trends in the functioning of the Ukrainian insurance services market in the period of 2010–2021.The results of the study reveal the general trends in the functioning of the Ukrainian insurance services market in terms of transformational features of the market composition (a significant reduction in the number of insurers – by 2.5 times), concluded insurance contracts (a significant increase by 3.5 times), market concentration (moderately concentrated), the level of insurance penetration (the average value was 1.64%).Considerable attention is paid to the interpretation of the main indicators of market activity and their dynamics, in particular, in terms of insurance premiums and payments (the level of insurance payments was 32.2%), assets of insurers (increase by 1.5 times), formed insurance reserves (a noticeable increase by 3 times), digital transformation (in terms of internetization, individualization, digitalization).The study made it possible to form promising vectors for the development of the Ukrainian insurance services market based on the model of social responsibility of participants in the insurance process with clear digitalization outlines and the formation of insurance relations based on innovative approaches. AcknowledgmentThis study was supported by the Ministry of education, science, research and sport of the Slovak Republic [grant VEGA 1/0689/20 Digital economy and changes in the education system to reflect labour market demands].

Does “green gold” breed bloody violence? The effect of export shocks on criminal violence in Mexico

AbstractObjectiveDo positive export shocks fuel or dampen criminal violence? The predation mechanism predicts that increasing export revenue generates a larger contested resource, and it prompts more violence by increasing the expected benefit of expropriation. The opportunity cost mechanism instead argues that an increase in exports may deter individuals from engaging in criminal activity, as it drives up labor demand and wages in the formal labor market. I test these competing claims using a case of the Mexican avocado industry.MethodI test these claims by estimating a causal effect of avocado production on criminal violence in Mexico. I further address the endogeneity issue with an instrumental variable approach, exploiting exogenous variations in climatic conditions that affect agricultural crop yields.ResultMoving from the lowest to the highest level of monthly avocado production, this positive change in avocado production reduces the homicide rate by 0.65 per hundred thousand relative to the average monthly homicide rate of 2.02.ConclusionThis finding suggests that the opportunity cost effect is largely at play in the avocado‐growing Mexican states, showing a new context of theory application. Limitations and future research avenues are discussed.

Does Increased Labor Market Demand Affect CEO Compensation? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

This study investigates whether and to what extent a demand increase in the CEO labor market affects CEO compensation. Prior literature has largely focused on internal determinants of CEO compensation (e.g., CEO- and firm-level factors contributing to CEO compensation); yet relatively little is known about the role of external market demand on CEO compensation. Using the sudden deaths of CEOs between 1997 and 2019 as a natural experiment that generates the positive demand shock for industry peer CEOs, I conduct coarsened exact matching combined with a difference-in-differences analysis to identify the causal effects of the sudden CEO deaths at a firm on the total compensation of industry peer CEOs. As predicted, the results show a significant increase in industry peer CEOs’ compensation following the sudden CEO deaths. I also find that this effect is stronger when an industry peer CEO has an outsider origin and holds an MBA degree. These findings contribute to the literature by identifying the role of the CEO labor market on CEO compensation.

The use of video essays and podcasts to enhance creativity and critical thinking in engineering

The current demands of the labor market demand a new compendium of skills from engineering graduates. To develop skills at a more complex level, this study analyzed the use of second-generation Video Essays and Podcasts to improve soft skills. The characteristics of students belonging to Generation Z as digital natives were considered and digital platforms were adapted for interaction in social networks to enhance critical thinking and creativity (Criticality). Active learning experiences in different engineering programs were analyzed using the 4-group Solomon methodology with a quantitative design and different assessment instruments were used for Pre-Tests and Post-Tests, including various fluency and originality tests, as well as answering articulation ability tests. and modified VALUE rubrics from the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U). Our results clearly suggest that the use of these two tools substantially improves understanding of scientific concepts in engineering subjects, a greater ability to develop increasingly in-demand skill sets, and a greater awareness of creative thinking competence.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РОЛІ ТА МІСЦЯ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ У КОНТЕКСТІ ЯКІСНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

This work considers the issues of students' practical training as an integral component in modern technologies of degree education. This issue acquires particular relevance at the present time, when there is an increase in competition in the market of educational and scientific services, and Ukraine is advancing through integration into the European educational space. It is noted that without radical changes in the system of higher education, including without matching the labor market, without increasing the professional level of the nation, it is impossible to ensure the innovative development and competitiveness of educational activities in the country. Besides, innovative development of economy requires high level of education and practical training of specialists. Lagging of content and quality of education from labor market needs, from trends of world economic development leads to growth of unemployment and dissatisfaction of domestic employers. It is suggested to establish a hereditary relationship between educational approaches and labor market demands: what students master in educational technology should materialize in practice or in the production sphere. The main role in this should play practical skills, which the student acquires at the enterprises during the internship at all stages of education. The study showed that a specific system of training can play a big role in the issue of forecasting the needs of the labor market. The necessity of introducing new directions of marketing strategy was noted. The main of which is determined by the expediency of introducing gradation of master's education level according to three reasonable variants of master's programs, in accordance with the future vision of learning outcomes, the role of future specialist in the labor market and aspiration for direction of self-realization in the life space. Each of these stages should shape the student's specific skills, mindset. It is shown that at all learning levels attention should be paid not only to theoretical-methodological tasks and expert methods of their substantiation, but also not to leave unattended the approaches aimed at activation of students' creative search. The peculiarity of such approach during the practical work of students is emphasized The possibility of forecasting the needs of the labor market, taking into account general educational trends through the implementation of a model for the development of systemic partnership: government, business and higher education, with the active participation of employers is proposed. Key words: higher education levels, student, practical training, employment, euro-integration, labor market.

Assessment of Perception Factors Influencing Collaboration Between Vocational Schools and Businesses in Practical Training

As the global economy grows, the labor market's demand for qualified employees increases. However, the present situation is not able to meet labor market requirements; laborers are inexperienced, and their professional skills are inadequate. Collaboration between vocational schools and businesses is essential for educational activities. This study aimed to investigate the degree of perception, the contents, the forms, and the variables that influenced collaboration activities in practical training between vocational schools and businesses. A quantitative study method was conducted on 570 respondents (195 teachers, 125 managers, and 250 graduated students) randomly recruited from four provinces/cities in Vietnam. The results show that participants perceived the importance of practical teaching coordination activities in vocational schools and businesses. In addition, some contents and forms were applied to collaboration teaching activities between vocational schools and businesses Future studies should consider similar experimental studies to develop appropriate practical training collaboration activities models based on perception levels and factors impacting activities.

Improvement of automatic speech recognition skills of linguistics students through using ukrainian-english and ukrainian-german subtitles in publicistic movies

The increased world's attention to foreign language studies facilitates the development and improvement of its study system in higher education institutions. Such a system takes into account and promptly responds to the demands of today's multicultural society. All should start with the transformation and modernization of the higher education system. This system includes the introduction of innovative technologies in the study of English and German, which should be focused on the modern demands of the world labor market. All this has determined the relevance of the research. This article aims to establish ways for students to gain automatic recognition skills through subtitling Ukrainian-English and Ukrainian-German publicistic movies and series. The first assessment of new language audio and video corpus was developed at the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, using an automatic subtitling mechanism to improve linguistics students' recognition and understanding of oral speech. The skills and abilities that improved during the work with the educational movie corpus have been identified.