Degree Of Inclination Research Articles

Changes of acetabular anteversion according to pelvic tilt on sagittal plane under various acetabular inclinations.

Improper functional orientation of the acetabular cup can result in improper positions when dynamic pelvic positions are not considered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes on acetabular anteversion according to pelvic tilt under various acetabular inclinations. Two artificial pelvic models were selected for this study. Acetabular inclinations on the coronal plane were 25°, 32°, 50°, and 60°. Acetabular anteversion of all components were 15°. Changes of anteversion according to pelvic tilt were measured at angles of 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°. Computer Navigation, PolyWare 3D pro, CT, and plain radiography were used to measure each angle. The anatomical anteversions against pelvic tilt were calculated using the following formulae: anatomical anteversion (°) = -14.48Χ + 90.18 (inclination angle 25°); anatomical anteversion (°) = -12.26Χ + 80.10 (inclination angle 32°); anatomical anteversion (°) = -7.468Χ + 61.13 (inclination angle 50°); and anatomical anteversion (°) = -5.328Χ + 44.84 (inclination angle 60°) (Χ: pelvic tilt angle). Radiographic anteversion against pelvic tilt were calculated using the following formulae: radiographic anteversion (°) = -9.50Χ + 57.09 (inclination angle 25°); radiographic anteversion (°) = -8.577Χ + 50.89 (inclination angle 32°); radiographic anteversion (°) = -6.794Χ + 45.73 (inclination angle 50°); radiographic anteversion (°) = -5.226Χ + 33.08 (inclination angle 60°). In conclusion, changes in anteversion according to pelvic tilt were lesser at higher degrees of acetabular inclination.

Experimental study on the structural parameters of an optimized sloping roof grill barrier for the prevention of debris flows in Yanmen gully

A horizontal permeable retaining structure (i.e., a sloping roof grill barrier) is an efficient way to separate water from sediment. However, the effect of the structural parameters and lateral deposit area on separation efficiency has not been investigated. Taking Yanmen gully as an example, this paper first expands the lateral deposit area of the retaining structure, and then conducts a series of flume experiments to study the influences of the structural parameters (grid spacing and grid inclination degree) on the separation efficiency. The experimental results indicate that the retention ability of the structure with the optimized lateral deposit area is much higher. The grid spacing is the main factor affecting the grain-size distribution of the debris flow beyond the barrier and should be higher than the d80 value of grain-size distribution of the debris-flow. The retention capacity is directly proportional to the grid inclination degree, while the separation efficiency is inversely proportional to the grid inclination degree. The steeper the grid inclination is, the smaller the displacement of debris flow particles along the barrier surface is. The experimental results are analysed to correlate the barrier length with the structural parameters. This paper serves as a reference for the structural design of horizontal permeable barriers.

Experimental analysis of flashing front propagation in superheated water—Effects of degree of superheat, tube inclination, and secondary nucleation

A comprehensive experimental investigation on free surface flashing and flashing front (FF) propagation after sudden depressurization of stagnant water is reported. Elaborate high-speed imaging and some limited pressure and temperature recording have been made using two experimental facilities. A new rupture mechanism has been developed, which offers a simple operation where the amount of depressurization can be controlled easily and precisely. For the first time, we have quantified the decrease in delay time with the degree of superheat. Facilities have been designed meticulously to cover a reasonable range of operating parameters and to eliminate spurious nucleations. We recorded the evolution and propagation of the free surface FF over the entire length of the test section (500 mm) and observed the propagation to be linear with a strong dependence on the degree of superheat. For the first time, we also reported the effect of secondary nucleation on the FF with elaborate imaging. Finally, we report our observation of FF dynamics in tubes for the entire range of inclinations for which to date no information is available. Our study reveals many unexplored aspects regarding flashing and more crucially pinpoints some important directions in which meticulous experiments are to be conducted in the future to understand this complex phenomenon better.

Análisis energético de un aerogenerador con diferentes grados de inclinación del aspa usando integral numérica

The increase of renewable energy technologies provides a better way of implementation. One of the main problems for the renewable energy is that it depends of the local place topology or the weather conditions. Wind turbines are designed to obtain their maximum torque, this has the advantage of generating electricity with low air speed, but it has the disadvantage that it cannot be used in places with higher wind speeds, because the device can be broken. In the paper, an evaluation was made of the efficiency of a horizontal wind turbine of three blades with 10, 20 and 40 degrees of inclination, energy expenditure was obtained by means numerical integration. The purpose this article is to determine that the change of inclination of the blade has a direct influence on the performance of the wind turbine.

A Cost-Effective and Innovative Screening Approach, for Idiopathic Scoliosis in Girls, Before their Skeletal Maturity

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a three dimensional deformity of the spine with no identifiable causes. Early detection of scoliosis prevents progress into severe scoliosis in a growing child before the skeletal maturity. There are two critical stages in the development of body posture during the school years. These are the age when a child goes to school and the attainment of puberty. The growing children may show accelerated or retarded periods of growth at certain stages giving rise to a rapid or slow progression curve. In girls the pre-pubertal growth spurt falls in the age range of 10-13 years. Objective: To identify high risk idiopathic scoliotic curve in pre pubertal school girls using non-invasive technique, Adams forward bending test (FBT), Scoliometer and I phone app. Method: The present descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in pre pubertal girls aged 10-13 years enrolled in both the aided and unaided schools of Dakshana Kannada (Karnataka-India). All the willing students (n=600) were screened using physical examination (Adams forward bend test), Scoliometer device and Scoliometer application. Results: A total of 24/600 of the pre pubertal girls were found to have asymmetrical back when physically examined in standing position with FBT, resulting in right thoracic level curve 30 , 50 ,70 . All 4% of the high risk identifiable participants had a reading >50 when screened using the Scoliometer device and I phone App i.e. similar results were obtained. Body mass index (BMI) was increased in some of the positive cases. Conclusion: The study found that the inclination degree of 5° or greater is more acceptable in early detection of scoliotic curve before the skeletal maturity of the spine. This predictive value was satisfactory to advocate the school screening programme in early detection of scoliosis.

Distalization rate of maxillary canines in an alveolus filled with leukocyte-platelet–rich fibrin in adults: A randomized controlled clinical split-mouth trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate the distalization rate and changes in inclination of the maxillary canines in alveoli preserved with leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes in adult patients. The null hypothesis was that there are no differences in the canine distalization movement rate between the treated and the control sides. A total of 21 healthy adult patients with a minimum age of 20years (mean age, 33±5.9years) and Angle Class I or Class II Division 1 malocclusion, who had an indication of extraction of the maxillary first premolars and orthodontic distalization of the maxillary canines were included in this study. A randomized controlled clinical split-mouth trial was conducted; the experimental maxillary side was treated with L-PRF membranes, and the other side served as the control. A randomization sequence of the experimental sides among patients was generated using the random number generation function of Microsoft Excel. Neither the patients nor the operators were blinded. Fifteen days after the extractions, distalization was initiated using an elastic chain applying 150g of force to the canines on a 0.020-in stainless steel archwire. The distalization rate was the main outcome of the study, and it was assessed monthly for 5months through the intraoral use of a flexible ruler. The degree of inclination of the canines was the secondary outcome, and it was evaluated through cone-beam computed tomography. A Shapiro-Wilk test was performed, and a Wilcoxon signed rank test was subsequently used to compare the experimental and the control group. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the correlation between distalization and inclination for each side. Four of the subjects dropped out of the study, leaving a total of 17 patients (n=17). The distalization rate and inclination of the canines were greater on the control side than on the side treated with L-PRF (P<0.05). A weak correlation was found between the distalization rate and inclination of the canines for both sides (control side, ρ=0.17; experimental, ρ=0.11). No harm was observed during the study. The null hypothesis was rejected. The use of L-PRF in young adult patients decreased the rate of distalization and changes in inclination of the maxillary canines compared with the control group. This trial was not registered. The protocol was not published before trial commencement.

Categorization of Slope Failure in Southern Malaysia using Total Estimated Hazard (TEHD) Method

Slope is a measure of steepness or the degree of inclination of a feature relative to the horizontal plane. One of the phenomenon or incidents of a slope was called as slope failure or landslide. Slope failure was a major natural disaster that had affected the country in terms of injuries, deaths, property damage, destruction of services, public inconvenience and economic as well as financial losses. Slope failure cases were very serious geologic hazard disaster that happened in many countries around the world. The aim of this paper is to determine the category of slope failure in the state of Johor based on Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ). Data were calculated by using Total Estimated Hazard (TEHD) value method which considered six factors effecting the slope failure, including lithology; slope steepness, topography, land use class, annual rainfall and type of soil. Data on the factors were collected from Malaysia Public Works Department (JKR) inspection form, website, and secondary data resource. After that weight for each factor were identified by referring to Landslide Hazard Evaluation Factor (LHEF) rating scheme. Then determination of LHZ was done according to TEHD values which have five hazard zones; (1) very low; (2) low; (3) medium; (4) high; and (5) very high. The results of this study found that out of total fifty two cases there were three medium hazard (MH), twenty seven high hazard (HH) and twenty two very high hazard (VHH). Comparison between actual data from JKR and total 52 locations of slope failure in Johor showed that 94% accuracy, TEHD equation could calculate potential slope failure hazards in Johor very well.

Optimization of Hole Cleaning and Cuttings Removal in High Inclined Till Horizontal Well

The goal of this experimental study is to determine the effects of different parameters (Flow rate, cuttings density, cuttings size, and hole inclination degree) on hole cleaning efficiency. Freshwater was used as a drilling fluid in this experiment. The experiments were conducted by using flow loop consist of approximately 14 m (46 ft) long with transparent glass test section of 3m (9.84 ft.) long with 4 inches (101.6 mm) ID, the inner metal drill pipe with 2 inches (50.8 mm) OD settled with eccentric position positive 0.5. The results obtained from this study show that the hole cleanings efficiency become better with high flow rate (21 m3/hr) and it increase as the hole inclination angles increased from 60 to 90 degree due to dominated of the rolling force. The cuttings size has negative influence on cuttings recovered as size increased and that is true for all cuttings specific gravity due to direct effect of the cuttings size and density on the gravity force which work against lifting force. The increasing of hole inclination angle above 60 degree will affect positively on cuttings removal efficiency.

Análisis de la marcha y el equilibrio mediante el uso de sensores inerciales: estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, no aleatorio

Antecedentes: la población mundial envejece de manera acelerada. Una tercera parte de los mayores de 65 años se cae por lo menos una vez al año, y esta prevalencia se incrementan a la mitad cuando se superan los 69 años.&#x0D; Objetivo: establecer la sensibilidad del uso de sensores inerciales para determinar la marcha y las rotaciones del tronco en un grupo de individuos sanos.&#x0D; Materiales: utilizamos tres sensores inerciales de nueve ejes, junto a un mismo número de microcontroladores, los cuales enviaron la información vía bluetooth al orde-nador, el procesamiento de los datos fue realizado mediante un programa de análisis desarrollado en MATLAB. Para analizar la sensibilidad de los sensores utilizamos el proto-colo de Akram et al.,5 modificado, el cual consta de cinco actividades.&#x0D; Resultados: en nuestro estudio participaron seis volun-tarios, con una media de edad de 29 años, con un rango de edad de 25 a 33 años. Los sensores fueron capaces de detectar múltiples variables, entre ellas la elevación máxima y mínima de las piernas, número de pasos, el grado de inclinación del tronco, giro, velocidad y cadencia.&#x0D; Conclusión: los resultados hasta ahora obtenidos son prometedores y consideramos que el uso de múltiples sensores inerciales para valorar la marcha y el equilibrio podrían resultar en una nueva herramienta para el diag-nóstico y seguimiento de personas con trastorno de la marcha y equilibrio.

Perceptual objective quality assessment of stereoscopic stitched images

Large view stereoscopic images can provide users with immersive depth experience. Image stitching techniques aim to obtain large view stitched images, and there have been various image stitching algorithms proposed recently. However, there is still no effective objective quality assessment for stereoscopic stitched images. In this paper, we propose a new perceptual objective stereoscopic stitched image quality assessment (S-SIQA) method by considering different distortion types in the existing stitching methods, including color distortion, ghost distortion, structure distortion(shape distortion, information loss), and disparity distortion. The quality evaluation methods for these distortion types are designed by using the color difference coefficient, points distance, matched line inclination degree, information loss, and disparity difference. Then we fuse these measures in the proposed S-SIQA model by an optimally weighted linear combination. In addition, to evaluate the performance of the proposed S-SIQA, we build a subjective quality assessment database for stereoscopic stitched images. Experimental results have confirmed the proposed method can effectively measure the perceptual quality of stereoscopic stitched images.

Pressure levels in the trochanter area according to repositioning at different degrees of inclination in healthy subjects

ObjectivesPatient repositioning is a recommended intervention to prevent or treat pressure ulcers (PUs). One option under consideration is the tailored repositioning according to patient characteristics, but more knowledge is needed on how different repositioning patterns influence on skin pressure. To determine what degree of inclination of the body in bed generates more pressure in the trochanteric region. Additionally, to analyze the influence of factors such as gender, age and anthropometric characteristics in the variations of this pressure. MethodsAnalytical cross-sectional study. Body Mass Index (BMI), lean mass and fat mass were measured in healthy volunteers subject to different inclinations (90°, 60° and 30°) in right lateral decubitus. Pressure was measured with a capacitive surface. ResultsIn total, 146 subjects were included, of which 45 were men and 101 women. The results showed pressure differences due to the inclination according to gender and anthropometric values, being statistically significant in men at 90° and 60°, and in women at 30°. (hombres 90° p = 0,026, 60° p = 0,049; mujeres 30° p = 0,036) según prueba Brown-Forsythe. ConclusionsThere are differences in the pressures of the trochanteric zone depending on anthropometric factors and by gender, in different body positions. Obese people exerted a higher pressure in the trochanter area at 30° of body inclination than overweight, normal weight and underweight people, respectively. From the clinical point of view, these findings invite to consider a possible differentiation in the repositioning interventions of the patients, according to gender and BMI, as a preventive strategy for PUs.

Relationships between the upper central incisor crown forms and degree of labial inclination, overbite, and overjet in Japanese young adults.

PURPOSEThe present study aimed to investigate the relationships between the crown form of the upper central incisor and their labial inclination, overbite, and overjet.MATERIALS AND METHODSMaxillary and mandibular casts of 169 healthy dentitions were subjected to 3D dental scanning, and analyzed using CAD software. The crown forms were divided into tapered, square, and ovoid based on the mesiodistal dimensions at 20% of the crown height to that at 40%. The degree of labial inclination of the upper central incisor was defined as the angle between the occlusal plane and the line connecting the incisal edge and tooth cervix. The incisal edges of the right upper and lower central incisor that in contact with lines parallel to the occlusal plane were used to determine the overbite and overjet. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the labial inclination, overbite, and overjet among the crown forms.RESULTSThe crown forms were classified into three types; crown forms with a 20%/40% dimension ratio of 1.00±0.01 were defined as square, >1.01 as tapered, and <0.99 as ovoid. The labial inclination degree was the greatest in tapered and the least in square. Both overbite and overjet in tapered and ovoid were higher than those in square.CONCLUSIONUpper central incisor crown forms were related to their labial inclination, overbite, and overjet. It was suggested that the labial inclination, overbite, and overjet should be taken into consideration for the prosthetic treatment or restoring the front teeth crowns.

Motion estimation-based inclination measurement of industrial assembly platform

This paper presents a method for measuring the inclination angle of bearing mounting plane based on binocular vision technology. In the actual installation process of the bearing, the mounting plane will have a certain degree of inclination. To improve the product yield rate, this paper designs the inclination measurement system by using binocular vision technology and the proposed optimised perspective-n-point (PnP) method. After experimental testing, the measurement system for inclination angle proposed in this paper can meet the requirements of the production process. The proposed approach achieves high measurement accuracy as well as good real-time performance.

An orthodontic extrusion and uprighting of impacted mandibular permanent second molar

Tooth impaction is a dental anomaly which is defined as cessation of eruption of tooth. It is caused by a physical barrier in the eruption path or abnormal position of the tooth. Impaction of permanent second molar is not a common condition. Early detection and treatment of impaction reduces the risk of complications associated with this condition. There are several treatment options for impacted tooth which depends on the degree of tooth inclination as well as the required tooth movement. The present case report presents a case of 14-year-old male patient with mesially impacted permanent second molar. The case presents the surgical and orthodontic management with orthodontic extrusion and uprighting of concerned impacted tooth.

Effect of confining pressure on mechanics and deformation behavior of sandstone containing a single inclined joint

The mechanics behaviors, failure modes and acoustic emission characteristics of rectangular green sandstone specimens containing a single joint with various inclination degree under different confining pressure have been determined in this article. The samples were tested over a confining pressure range of 0 to 40 MPa, and the inclination of the joint was varied between 0° and 50°. The test results indicated that: Mohr–Coulomb criterion is fit to peak strength of intact samples and residual strength of jointed samples with 40°. But the peak strength of jointed sample with 40° increases nonlinearly with confining pressure, which can be fitted by Hoek–Brown criterion. And the confining pressure has a reduction effect on anisotropy for jointed rock. When the inclination angle was less than 40°, the joint has a small negative influence on the strength and deformation of the jointed sample, as the inclination angle increased from 40° to 50°, a drop decrease in peak strength and Young’s modulus can be observed. The failure modes can be classified into T-mode, S-mode and SD-mode. Finally, the evolution laws of AE count for green sandstone specimens has been discussed.

The Influence of Orthotics on Lower Limbs Biomechanics in CP

The biomechanics of the human body has a direct impact on the quality of gait cycle. Patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP) often present incorrect gait patterns associated with structural deformities which directly influence the locomotor functions. The key to therapeutic success in those patients is the use of lower limb orthotics of the AFO type. This type of orthopedic devices should correct the skeletal deformities, optimize function and ensure high quality of daily use. Alignment of the lower limb supported by orthotics in all planes is crucial for changing the abnormal position of the ground reaction force (GRF) vector during a pathological gait cycle. GRFs produce an external moment of forces that causes extension or flexion of the lower limb in the sagittal plane. At the same time, those external conditions are balanced by an internal moment of forces generated by muscles. Some of the muscles are not directly attached to the joints but still support their function. This mechanism is called biomechanical coupling. This interesting relationship is also related to the inclination or reclination of the shank vertical angle (SVA) against the foot fixed on the ground in the midstance (MST) phase of gait. An optimal SVA angle is 7-12 degrees of tibial inclination. An insufficient or excessive SVA angle can be controlled by ankle foot orthotics (AFO). Those types of splints provide for better control of foot clearance during the swing phase and support distal stability of the lower limb chain during the stance phase of the gait cycle. An interdisciplinary approach is the key to success in the therapy of CP children who use lower limb orthotics. Nowadays, tridimensional gait analysis is an important tool for objective monitoring of those patients. It shows all kinematic and kinetic data recorded during gait with AFO and therefore helps to fine-tune orthotics used by CP patients.

Build Orientation Influence on some Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polyamide Specimens

Additive manufacturing [AM] is a type of production technology characterized by the additive nature of stacking and unifying individual layers, with the main advantage that parts with complex geometries can easily be obtained, compared to conventional production methods. Due to its working principle, i.e. stacking layers, obtained by melting and solidification, the mechanical characteristics of the built part might be influenced by the build orientation chosen for the specific part. The mechanical behavior, cyclic deformation and fatigue behaviors of additively manufactured metallic parts as compared to their counterparts obtained by conventional processing technologies was reported to be highly dependent on the build orientation. The aim of this study was to assess whether the build orientation will have an impact on the mechanical properties of parts built by Selective Laser Sintering, using polyamide powder as raw material. Samples were built at various inclination degrees, and were further tested in terms of bending, compressive, impact and hardness tests. It was observed that the build orientation has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of parts additively manufactured from polyamide, compared to the behavior presented on the technical sheet of the material, provided by the manufacturer. Keywords: additive manufacturing, mechanical properties, build orientation, Selective Laser Sintering

Evaluation of fracture strength for single crowns made of the different types of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics.

Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics with high mechanical strength are being widely used as ingots for heat-pressing technique and blocks for CAD/CAM processing in clinical dentistry as aesthetic prosthetic materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of single crowns made of the different types of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. Single crowns for mandibular second premolar with thickness of 1.5mm were manufactured. IPS e.max Press and Amber Press crowns were produced by heat-pressing, and IPS e.max CAD and Rosetta SM crowns was produced by milling. Amber Lisi-POZ crown was produced by heat-pressing on the zirconia frame. Fracture strength test was performed at 10 degrees of inclination toward the load after bonding crown on metal abutment using dual-curing resin cement. Statistical analysis of fracture strength was conducted through Weibull statistics (n = 15 per group). The mean fracture strength (2087.4N) of Amber Lisi-POZ group produced by heat-pressing on the zirconia frame was significantly higher than that (1479.8N) of Rosetta SM group produced by milling. Weibull coefficients for IPS e.max CAD and Rosetta SM groups were, respectively, 14.44 and 9.39, and those for IPS e.max Press, Amber Press, and Amber Lisi-POZ groups produced by heat-pressing were in the range between 4.72 and 5.16. In conclusion, the fracture strength of Amber Lisi-POZ crown with zirconia framework was the highest, and the buccal cusps fractured from the central groove of the all crowns. Weibull modulus of crowns produced by milling was higher than those of crowns produced by heat-pressing.

Post impact droplet hydrodynamics on inclined planes of variant wettabilities

Abstract Experimental investigations were carried out to elucidate the roles of surface wettability and inclination on the post-impact dynamics of droplets. The maximum spreading diameter and spreading time were found to decrease with increasing inclination angle and normal Weber number (We n ) for superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces. The experiments on SH surfaces were found to be in excellent agreement with an existing analytical model, albeit with the incorporation of modifications for the oblique impact conditions. The energy ratios and elongation factors were also determined for different inclination angles. On inclined SH surfaces, different features like arrest of secondary droplet formation, reduced pinch-off at the contact line and inclination dependent elongation behavior were observed. On the contrary, the hydrophilic surfaces show opposite trends of maximum spreading factor and spreading time with inclination angle and We n , respectively. This is caused by the dominance of tangential kinetic energy over adhesion energy and gravitational potential at higher inclination angles. Further, the influence of the surface tension (using surfactant solutions, without significantly changing the viscosity) and viscosity (using colloids, without significantly changing the surface tension) for impact on SH and hydrophilic surfaces are probed. The exercise allows better insight on the exact hydrodynamic mechanisms at play during the impact events. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive picture of post-impact dynamics of droplets on inclined surfaces, encompassing a broad spectrum of governing parameters like Reynolds number (Re), Weber number (We), degree of inclination and surface wettability.

Enhancing Drilling Parameters in Majnoon Oilfield

The objective of drilling parameters optimization in Majnoon oilfield is to arrive for a methodology that considers the past drilling data for five directional wells at 35 degree of inclination as a baseline for new wells to be drilled. Also, to predicts drilling performance by selecting the applied drilling parameters generated the highest rate of penetration (ROP) at each section. The focal point of the optimization process is to reduce drilling time and associated cost per each well. The results of this study show that the maximum ROP could not be achieved without sufficient flow rate to cool and clean the bit in clay intervals (36" and 24") hole sections. Although the influence of combination of Weight on Bit (WOB), Round per minute (RPM), and hydraulic horsepower on the bit in (16", 12 1/4" and 8 1/2") hole sections is a key to reduce drilling time, therefore, the drilling parameters produced the fastest ROP per each section was considered as optimum parameters likely to apply for the future wells.