Degree Of Inclination Research Articles

A Five-day Orthostatic Training Program Improves Cardiovascular Response in Intensive Care Patients

Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular response to passive orthostatic training. Method: Intensive care patients were recruited. Patients in Control group underwent conventional physical therapy. Patients in the Training group additionally underwent daily assistive standing training with the use of an orthostatic bed for five days. All patients in the Training group were evaluated while on the orthostatic table (at rest for 10 minutes, at 75 degrees of inclination for 40 minutes and after returning to the supine position). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were assessed at each stage. Both groups were assessed at baseline and after seven days. Results: After the 5-day intervention patients from Control group had their mean arterial pressure decreased significantly (19 mmHg in average) when compared to baseline mean arterial pressure at the moment they had their body position elevated, with the worsening of postural hypotension in the following minutes, pattern which not found in the Training group patients. Conclusion: A five-day orthostatic training in intensive care patients can be safely performed and improves cardiovascular response.

EVALUACIÓN DE UNA PRÁCTICA DE AGRICULTURA URBANA CON BOTELLAS PET EN EL MUNICIPIO DE POPAYÁN

La investigacion tuvo como objetivo evaluar tres formas de siembra en botellas PET como practica de Agricultura Urbana en la comuna dos del municipio de Popayan. El diseno experimental fue completamente al azar en factorial de 2x3, donde se busco encontrar la interaccion entre los 2 factores que fueron las especies o cultivos sembrados (1: Cilantro - Coriandrum sativum var. Patimorado; 2: Lechuga - Lactuca sativa var. Simpson) y los grados de inclinacion de la botella (1: botella horizontal, 2: botella vertical, 3: botella inclinada 45°); se sembraron dos testigos en materas para tener la comparacion de referencia. Usando el programa SPSS 22, se analizaron variables agronomicas como altura, cobertura, vigor y biomasa en las especies sembradas. Se aplicaron tres pruebas estadisticas; la primera fue para determinar la homogeneidad de los datos, mediante Kolmogorov – Smirnov; la segunda fue Kruskal Wallis (p ≤ 0,05) para hallar diferencias entre los cultivos y por ultimo el analisis de Mann Whitney de dos muestras independientes (p ≤ 0,05). Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadisticas significativas (p ≤ 0,05) entre los factores, evidenciando mejor produccion en la botella vertical, que registro mayores valores para vigor y peso fresco en las dos especies, debido a la relacion existente entre el tamano del recipiente y el desarrollo radicular - biomasa aerea

Highly Cross-linked Polyethylene Liner Dissociation from a Cement-less Modular Acetabular Shell: Two Case Reports.

Liner dissociation of polyethylene from a cementless acetabular socket following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a rare complication. Cross-linked polyethylene liner dissociation from AMS-HA shell (KYOCERA Med, Osaka, Japan) occurred in 2 out of the 4153 (0.04%) cases approximately 10 years after undergoing surgery at our institute. First case was an 80-year-old female who underwent right THA along with subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy due to complete dislocation hip, and second case was a 72-year-old male, who underwent right THA due to coxarthrosis. A 26 mm femoral head and CPE liner were used in both cases and the inclination degree of the acetabular socket was within 50°.There was no implant loosening in both cases. There was partial damage in the elevated rim on the alternative side and scratches on the back side in the both extracted CPE liner. It was surmised that liner dissociation was caused due to a problem in the liner fixing format of the push in type of the present model.

Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Computed Tomographic Analysis of Lead Position Between Three-Column and Five-Column Paddle Leads Spinal Cord Stimulation for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

To investigate the difference in clinical outcome and the position of paddle lead spinal cord stimulation (SCS) between 3-column and 5-column paddle lead SCS in patients with failed back surgery syndrome. In 21 patients who underwent paddle lead SCS at T9 (3-column, n= 9; 5-column, n=12) for failed back surgery syndrome, a 12-month follow-up numerical rating scale, percent pain relief, and computed tomography assessment of contact angle and percent reduction of T9 canal area were investigated. There was no difference in paresthesia coverage of the painful area, trial success rate, clinical outcomes, and percent pain relief between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The contact angle in the 5-column group was generally more than that of the 3-column group (P= 0.067). Overall reduction of 35.51% ± 4.76% in the T9 canal was observed and there was no difference between the 2 groups (P >0.05) and no correlation between the contact angle and percent T9 spinal canal reduction (r=-0.247, P> 0.05). Although clinical efficacy of SCS using three-column and five-column paddle lead was not significant different from each other, significant inclination of paddle lead in posterior epidural space with significant reduction in T9 canal area were observed in both groups. The degree of inclination in the 5-column group was more than that in the 3-column lead group. Close approximation of paddle lead contacts to dorsal spinal cord with reduced dorsal cerebrospinal fluid space and intraoperative neurophysiologic guidance might have contributed to the high rate of trial success and long-term pain control.

Is radiograph glenopolar angle accurate for extraarticular scapular neck fractures?

BackgroundPlain radiographs still play a role in management of extraarticular scapular neck fractures. Glenopolar angle (GPA) is one of the radiograph measurements that is used to determine the necessity for surgery. Our aim was to establish reliability of GPA on plain radiograph in patients with extraarticular scapular neck fractures. MethodsWe performed a multicentre retrospective study including all patients with extraarticular scapular neck fractures with available imaging between 2006 and 2012. We excluded intra-articular glenoid fractures, scapular blade fractures, acromion fractures, and scapular spine fractures. We compared GPA on plain radiograph with three dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) measurement, as well as contribution of radiograph rotational error, glenoid inclination, and medial shortening of glenoid fragment towards GPA measurement. ResultsOne hundred patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean difference between the GPA measurements on radiographs and 3D CT was 6.1±0.85° (95% confidence interval) as an absolute value. In terms of contribution to GPA values, GPA changed by one degree with ten degrees of radiograph rotational error, three degrees of glenoid inclination, and three millimetres of glenoid fragment medial shortening. ConclusionPlain radiograph can provide a clinician with a reasonable estimation of the GPA. Glenoid inclination has a greater influence on GPA compared to medial shortening.

Towards an aerogel-based coating for aerospace applications: reconstituting aerogel particles via spray drying

Silica aerogel is an ultralight and highly porous nano-structured ceramic with its thermal conductivity being the lowest than any solids. Although aerogels possess fascinating physical properties, innovative solutions to tackle today's problems were limited due to their relative high manufacturing cost in comparison to conventional materials. Recently, some producers have brought forward quality aerogels at competitive costs, and thereby opening a panoply of applied research in this field. In this paper, the feasibility of spray-drying silica aerogel to tailor its granulometric property is studied for thermal spraying, a novel application of aerogels that is never tried before in the academic arena. Aerogel-based slurries with yttria stabilised zirconia as a secondary ceramic were prepared and spray-dried according to modified T aguchi experimental design in order to appreciate the effect of both the slurry formulation and drying conditions such as the solid content, the ratio of yttria stabilised zirconia:aerogel added, the amount of dispersant and binder, inlet temperature, atomisation pressure and feeding rate on the median particle size of the resulting spray-dried powder. The latter was found to be affected by all the aforementioned independent variables at different degree of significance and inclination. Based on the derived relationships, an optimised condition to achieve maximum median particle size was then predicted.

Non-linear seismic responses of tunnels within normal fault ground under obliquely incident P waves

The faults play an important role in inducing tremendous potential threat to the stability capability of embedded tunnels in strong earthquake events. Based on the finite element method with the viscous-spring artificial boundary, the earthquake motions of oblique incidence can be transformed into the equivalent nodal forces acting on the truncated boundary of finite element model. In the present work, the formulas of equivalent nodal forces for the 2-D plane P waves with arbitrary incident angles are deduced and implemented into the commercial software ABAQUS. The accuracy of the formulas and the implementation are demonstrated by the numerical examples of a 2-D semi-infinite space and an circular lined tunnel in half-space subjected to obliquely incident P waves. The proposed numerical method is employed to investigate the non-linear responses of the tunnels within surface normal fault ground under obliquely incident P waves. The numerical results indicate that the tunnels buried in the hanging wall, in the foot wall and across the fault, suffer different failure patterns. The tunnels across the fault suffer the most serious plastic damage, followed by that within the hanging wall. Moreover, the seismic responses of the tunnels across the fault and within the hanging wall increase with the inclination degree of the incident P waves, as well as opposite relationship for tunnels within the foot wall.

Diferentes recursos mecanicos para la recuperacion de segundos molares impactados

Upper and lower second molars frecuently erupt with a mesioinclination fashion or eventually get included due to early orthodontic therapies such as lingual arches placed prior to the eruption of these teeth. According to the inclination degree, different mechanics can be used. In this case report these mechanics are explained wether they were used in the solution or not.

Novel Approach to Extract Lines of Documents for Blind and Impaired People

Documents acquired by the blind and visually impaired people always have a degree of inclination, overlap between the characters and 3D geometric transformations. To solve these problems, firstly, a detection and correction of the tilt of the document is applied by the Hough Transform (HT) on the interest points detected on the document image. After separating the texts zones from the other objects, the partial projection is used to estimate the beginnings of lines for every text zone. Finally, extraction the lines of documents is done by following the baselines. The pro-posed method tested on the database used for the ICDAR2015 competition leads to better results for line extraction. General Terms Pattern Recognition.

The Performance Test of Anti-scattering X-ray Grid with Inclined Shielding Material by MCNP Code Simulation

Background: The scattered photons cause reduction of the contrast of radiographic image and it results in the degradation of the quality of the image. In order to acquire better quality image, an anti-scattering x-ray gird should be equipped in radiography system. Materials and Methods: The X-ray anti-scattering grid of the inclined type based on the hybrid concept for that of parallel and focused type was tested by MCNP code. The MCNPX 2.7.0 was used for the simulation based test. The geometry for the test was based on the IEC 60627 which was an international standard for diagnostic X-ray imaging equipment-Characteristics of general purpose and mammographic anti-scatter grids. Results and Discussion: The performance of grids with four inclined shielding material types was compared with that of the parallel type. The grid with completely tapered type the best performance where there were little performance difference according to the degree of inclination. Conclusion: It was shown that the grid of inclined type had better performance than that of parallel one.

A new model for predicting liquid loading in deviated gas wells

Liquid loading, which can reduce the gas rate and even kill the gas well, is one of the most serious issues in maturing gas wells. Accurate prediction of the inception of liquid loading will help operators choose the countermeasure in time to prevent such conditions happening. However, the modeling of liquid loading behavior still remains controversial and the predicted critical gas rate is not very reliable, especially for deviated gas wells.This paper presents a new model to predict liquid loading in deviated gas wells. The new model divides the fluid in the wellbore into the gas core in the center of tube and the liquid film near the tubing wall, and constructs the force balance of the liquid film and the whole fluid to calculate the critical liquid-carrying gas velocity. Then a correction term equation is developed to compare the new model with the Turner model (Turner et al., 1969) that is the most popular model in predicting liquid loading in gas wells. Subsequently the sensitivity of the correction term for different well parameters including inclination degree and tubing diameter are discussed. Based on the current work, a correction term reference table is given for field application.Well data from Gao (2012) and Belfroid et al. (2008) were employed in this paper to validate the new model. The prediction results from the new model show a great improvement over the Turner model and are even better than Belfroid model in matching the Belfroid data.The new model is accurate and can be used easily to predict liquid loading in deviated gas wells.

Recognition of handwritten digits using the signature features and Optimum-Path Forest Classifier

There is a growing need for recognition of digits manuscripts for use in various situations, such as recognition of handwritten postal address digits for automated redirection of letters in the mail, acknowledgment of nominal values in bank checks. Recognition of handwritten digits faces great difficulty in dealing with intra-class variation due to different writing styles, different degrees of inclination of the characters. Optical character recognition systems, also known as OCR, identifying and recognizing printed characters through images, an already widespread functionality in scanners, mobile devices, among others. This paper presents the use of the classifier Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) applied in handwriting recognition digits. A new feature extraction method is proposed using signature of the characters, and the OPF algorithm is used in the classification. According to the results presented, it appears that the detection and recognition of characters are being carried out satisfactorily in the Manhattan distance stood out with an average accuracy of 99.53%, and get training times and test lower than the other methods such as It is the characteristic of OPF method.

Forehead Inclination in the Lateral Profile in Koreans.

Forehead Inclination in the Lateral Profile in Koreans.

Parametric study on the effects of pile inclination angle on the response of batter piles in offshore jacket platforms

Offshore jacket-type platforms are attached to the seabed by long batter piles. In this paper, results from a finite element analysis, verified against experimental data, are used to study the effect of the pile’s inclination angle, and its interaction with the geometrical properties of the pile and the geotechnical characteristics of the surrounding soil on the behavior of the inclined piles supporting the jacket platforms. Results show that the inclination angle is one of the main parameters affecting the behavior of an offshore pile. We investigated the effect of the inclination angle on the maximum von Mises stress, maximum von Mises elastic strain, maximum displacement vector sum, maximum displacement in the horizontal direction, and maximum displacement in the vertical direction. The pile seems to have an operationally optimal degree of inclination of approximately 5°. By exceeding this value, the instability in the surrounding soil under applied loads grows extensively in all the geotechnical properties considered. Cohesive soils tend to display poorer results compared to grained soils.

Vegetation analyses of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain Limestone Forest association1

The South Atlantic Coastal Plain Limestone Forest is a globally imperiled (G2) association in the upper Coastal Plain of central Georgia. This calcareous forest, comprising several diverse plant communities, is floristically unique among Coastal Plain forests but its composition and structure have not been subjected to detailed study. Formal vegetation sampling and multivariate community analyses were conducted for seven sites in Bleckley, Houston, and Twiggs counties. The data generally support the current NatureServe definition of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain Limestone Forest but suggest replacing Chasmanthium sessiliflorum with Carex superata as a better representative species for the herbaceous stratum. Cluster and canonical correspondence analyses revealed two floristically defined domains (Bottomland and Upland/Slope), delimited mainly by moisture content and degree of inclination. These domains were each further divided into two subdomains and a total of 12 floristic entities defined by characteristics such as indicator species and soil variables. Communities delineated by the analyses allowed evaluation of some incongruities between several sites designated as the South Atlantic Coastal Plain Limestone Forest association by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and provided an objective review of overall site quality. This study also resulted in the discovery of two new high-quality sites of this forest association, and these data may further serve as a baseline for identification of additional areas to target for conservation and monitoring.

Changes in alveolar bone support induced by the Herbst appliance: a tomographic evaluation.

ABSTRACTObjective: This study evaluated alveolar bone loss around mandibular incisors, induced by the Herbst appliance. Methods: The sample consisted of 23 patients (11 men, 12 women; mean age of 15.76 ± 1.75 years), Class II, Division 1 malocclusion, treated with the Herbst appliance. CBCT scans were obtained before treatment (T0) and after Herbst treatment (T1). Vertical alveolar bone level and alveolar bone thickness of mandibular incisors were assessed. Buccal (B), lingual (L) and total (T) bone thicknesses were assessed at crestal (1), midroot (2) and apical (3) levels of mandibular incisors. Student's t-test and Wilcoxon t-test were used to compare dependent samples in parametric and nonparametric cases, respectively. Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship of changes in alveolar bone thickness. Results were considered at a significance level of 5%. Results: Mandibular incisors showed no statistical significance for vertical alveolar bone level. Alveolar bone thickness of mandibular incisors significantly reduced after treatment at B1, B2, B3, T1 and significantly increased at L2. The magnitude of the statistically significant changes was less than 0.2 mm. The changes in alveolar bone thickness showed no statistical significance with incisor inclination degree. Conclusions: CBCT scans showed an association between the Herbst appliance and alveolar bone loss on the buccal surface of mandibular incisors; however, without clinical significance.

Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Surface Breaking Crack Using Rayleigh Wave Measurement.

An improved single sided Rayleigh wave (R-wave) measurement was suggested to characterize surface breaking crack in steel reinforced concrete structures. Numerical simulations were performed to clarify the behavior of R-waves interacting with surface breaking crack with different depths and degrees of inclinations. Through analysis of simulation results, correlations between R-wave parameters of interest and crack characteristics (depth and degree of inclination) were obtained, which were then validated by experimental measurement of concrete specimens instigated with vertical and inclined artificial cracks of different depths. Wave parameters including velocity and amplitude attenuation for each case were studied. The correlations allowed us to estimate the depth and inclination of cracks measured experimentally with acceptable discrepancies, particularly for cracks which are relatively shallow and when the crack depth is smaller than the wavelength.

1G場での振動実験による斜面模型の崩壊挙動の分析

1G場での振動実験による斜面模型の崩壊挙動の分析

Strains around distally inclined implants retaining mandibular overdentures with Locator attachments: an in vitro study.

PURPOSEThe aim of the present study was to evaluate, by means of strain gauge analysis, the effect of different implant angulations on strains around two implants retaining mandibular overdenture with Locator attachments.MATERIALS AND METHODSFour duplicate mandibular acrylic models were constructed. Two implants were inserted in the canine regions using the following degrees of distal inclinations: group I (control); 0°, group II; 10°, group III; 20°, and group IV; 30°. Locator pink attachments were used to connect the overdenture to the implants and Locator red (designed for severely angled implants) was used for group IV (group IVred). For each group, two linear strain gauges were attached at the mesial and distal surfaces of the acrylic resin around each implant. Peri-implant strain was measured on loading and non-loading sides during bilateral and unilateral loading.RESULTSFor all groups, the mesial surfaces of the implants at loading and non-loading sides experienced compressive (negative) strains, while the distal implant surfaces showed tensile (positive) strains. Group IV showed the highest strain, followed by group III, group II. Both group I and group IVred showed the lowest strain. The strain gauges at the mesial surface of the loading side recorded the highest strain, and the distal surface at non-loading side showed the lowest strain. Unilateral loading recorded significantly higher strain than bilateral loading.CONCLUSIONPeri-implant strains around two implants used to retain mandibular overdentures with Locator attachments increase as distal implant inclination increases, except when red nylon inserts were used.

Integrating weather and geotechnical monitoring data for assessing the stability of large scale surface mining operations

AbstractThe geotechnical challenges for safe slope design in large scale surface mining operations are enormous. Sometimes one degree of slope inclination can significantly reduce the overburden to ore ratio and therefore dramatically improve the economics of the operation, while large scale slope failures may have a significant impact on human lives. Furthermore, adverse weather conditions, such as high precipitation rates, may unfavorably affect the already delicate balance between operations and safety. Geotechnical, weather and production parameters should be systematically monitored and evaluated in order to safely operate such pits. Appropriate data management, processing and storage are critical to ensure timely and informed decisions.This paper presents an integrated data management system which was developed over a number of years as well as the advantages through a specific application. The presented case study illustrates how the high production slopes of a mine that exceed depths of 100–120 m were successfully mined with an average displacement rate of 10– 20 mm/day, approaching an almost slow to moderate landslide velocity. Monitoring data of the past four years are included in the database and can be analyzed to produce valuable results. Time-series data correlations of movements, precipitation records, etc. are evaluated and presented in this case study. The results can be used to successfully manage mine operations and ensure the safety of the mine and the workforce.