Degree Of Endogenous Intoxication Research Articles

Dental markers of endogenous intoxication in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective — to determine some dental markers of endogenous intoxication in the treatment of patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
 Materials and methods. Examinations involved 44 patients with verified NAFLD diagnosis (the main group). The control group consisted of 20 somatically healthy subjects, representative in terms of gender and age. Clinical dental examinations were carried out twice, before and after the treatment, with an interval of 10 days. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the discipline of oral hygiene care. The level of oral hygiene was studied using the Greene–Vermillion index. The level of endotoxin in venous blood and oral fluid was assessed by immunoenzymatic method. The degree of endogenous intoxication was evaluated based on the structural and optical properties of a drop of oral fluid on a glass slide using an electron microscope. An analysis of correlations between non‑invasive and invasive techniques has been carried out.
 Results. More than half of the patients in the main group (61.3%) cleaned their teeth once a day. The value of the Greene–Vermillion oral hygiene index was equal to 2.3 points, which indicated an unsatisfactory state of hygienic care. In patients of the main group, the level of endotoxemia was equal to 0.9 EU/ml, and the level of LPS in oral fluid was 33.5 U/ml, which exceeded similar parameters in the control group by 2 and 1.6 times, respectively. In the micro preparations of oral fluid facies, 71.0% of patients in the main group had markers of endogenous intoxication (EI) of 3rd grade, 20.4% — EI of 2nd grade, and only 9.0% had EI of 1st grade. After 10 days, according to the re‑questioning data, 72.7% of patients in the main group followed full hygienic care of the oral cavity, and the Greene–Vermillion index decreased to 1.6 points, which was assessed as a satisfactory condition. In the micro preparations of facies of oral fluid, markers of EI of the 2nd grade were observed in 56.8% of the main group and markers of EI of 1st grade in 22.7% of subjects. The number of patients with EI markers of the 3rd grade decreased in 3.5 times compared to the first visit.
 Conclusions. Proper hygienic care of the oral cavity of patients with NAFLD results in the reduction of endogenous intoxication degree.

Влияние гепатопротекторного фитокомплекса на выраженность эндогенной интоксикации у лабораторных крыс при экспериментальной патологии печени, вызванной гидразином

Abstract. The purpose is to study the influence of the hepatoprotective phytocomplex on the severity of endogenous intoxication in laboratory rats with experimental liver pathology caused by hydrazine. Methods. The studies were carried out on non-linear rats, formed into 3 groups (n = 10). Toxic damage to the liver in rats of groups 1 and 2 was modeled by a single intragastric administration of hydrazine at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight. Immediately after intoxication and for the next three weeks in 1st group, the drug fitosomin was used – daily orally in the form of boluses at a dose of 0.5 g/kg of body weight, 2nd group after intoxication received empty cereal boluses, 3rd group was intact. In dynamics, the degree of endogenous intoxication was studied by the concentration of medium mass molecules (MMM) in the blood of animals at λ = 254 and 280 nm. Scientific novelty. Experimentally new data on the pharmacological effects of the hepatoprotective phytocomplex was obtained, which includes lecithin, dihydroquercetin, extracts of milk thistle, agrimony and golden boletus. For the first time, the effectiveness of the drug fitosomin was determined to reduce the severity of the endogenous intoxication syndrome in laboratory rats with experimental liver pathology caused by hydrazine. Results. It has been determined that hydrazine-induced liver pathology in laboratory rats is accompanied by the development of endogenous intoxication syndrome with a more pronounced increase in the blood fraction of MMM 254 relative to MMM 280. The use of fitosomin leads to a weakening of the toxic effect of hydrazine both on the liver and on the body of animals as a whole. The course application of the hepatoprotective phytocomplex increases the survival rate of rats, improves their clinical condition and leads to a decrease in the concentration of MMM in the blood. The obtained results outlined the prospects for the use of the drug fitosomin in veterinary practice in case of liver damage, as well as intoxication of animals.

Microbiological aspects of acute odontogenic osteomyelitis in children

Objective: to determine the species composition of pathogens of acute odontogenic inflammatory processes of the jaws in children, to determine the sensitivity and resistance of the isolated microflora to antibiotics of various groups, as well as to determine the dependence of the characteristics of the clinical course of the disease on the type of dominant pathogen. Material and methods. The analysis of the results of microbiological methods for the study of exudate from purulent odontogenic foci of 900 children, due to periostitis and osteomyelitis of the jaws, was carried out. Results. In 65.6% of cases, the causative agent was Pyogenic streptococcus or group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (BHSA) ith a high level of sensitivity to vancomycin (99%), fluoroquinolones (98%), beta-lactams (91 %) and the highest percentage of resistance to macrolides (41%). Streptococcus viridans (6.1%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (4.3%) and others were also isolated; mixed microflora (14.3%). The syndrome of endogenous intoxication of the body was manifested in 56% of cases by fever, in 38% by leukocytosis, in 57.4% by accelerated ESR. There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of endogenous intoxication in groups with different types of streptococcus. Conclusions. The cause of the inflammatory process of the jaws in 65.6% of cases was BHSA with a high level of sensitivity to vancomycin (99%), fluoroquinolones (98%), beta-lactams (91 %).

Instrumental and laboratory diagnostics of early complications in acute pancreatitis

The aim of the study. Assessment of markers of early complications in patients with acute pancreatitis. Materials and methods. Observation was carried out for 151 patients who were in the clinic from 2011 to 2019, with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (OP). The average age of patients (47.8±1.5) years. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I - 78 patients with developing pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) and group II - 73 patients with free fluid accumulations (FFA) of the abdominal cavity. All patients underwent comprehensive examinations, including histology of emerging cysts, clinical and biochemical blood tests, sonography and computed tomography, bacteriological and enzyme immunoassays with assessment of the level of endogenous intoxication, procalcitonin, microbial contamination and cytokines. Results. In comparison with group I patients with developing PP, the observed group II patients with FFA showed a significant increase in the degree of endogenous intoxication. A 3.0-fold increase in the level of procalcitonin in 26.8% of group I patients and in 67.1% of group II patients (p<0.05) with a directly proportional dependence of this indicator on the level of bacterial contamination (r=+0.51; p<0.05) indicated the activation of infection processes in general and, to a greater extent, in group II patients. At the same time, the condition of their last worsened due to the transition of the inflammatory process to the parapancreatic region and into the retroperitoneal space. The high level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α in patients of group II compared with group I, an imbalance and a decrease in the activity of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 determined a significantly greater (p<0.05) activity of the inflammatory process in patients with SFS, and were associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Conclusion. The formation of a PP is a relatively favorable outcome of acute pancreatitis, accompanied by significantly less pronounced toxemia and infection rate in comparison with patients with free fluid accumulations of the abdominal cavity.

Asthenia in Children with Chronic Viral Hepatitis

In the article results of own researches concerning peculiarities of the course of asthenic syndrome in school-aged children with chronic hepatitis B, C and mixed forms are provided. It is established that chronic hepatitis C as well as a mixed hepatitis are accompanied by more evident symptoms of deadaptation and somatogenic asthenia than hepatitis B in which psychogenic manifestations prevailed. The degree of endogenous intoxication was also higher at hepatitis C.

Evaluation of endogenous intoxication indicators in the dynamics of experimental periodontitis and immobilization stress

The aim of our work was to investigate the peculiarities of changes in endogenous intoxication rates: medium mass molecules (MMM) and erythrocyte intoxication index (EII) in the blood of guinea pigs in the formation of combined pathology - experimental periodontitis (EP) and immobilization stress (IS).The results of biochemical studies showed that at all stages of development of combined pathology - experimental periodontitis and immobilization stress there is a consistent increase in the degree of endogenous intoxication, which dominated on the 15th day of the experiment, namely increased content of medium mass molecules (МMМ254 , MMM280) and EII in the blood by 58.5% (p≤0.05), 80.3% (p≤0.05) and 95.7% (p≤0.05), respectively, compared with the first group of animals is a clear manifestation of the formation of endogenous intoxication. These changes are obviously the result of insufficient elimination of toxic products on the background of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues and stress.

Pro-atherogenic lipid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with concurrent insulin resistance

Background. The problem of studying lipid metabolism in patients with tuberculosis is of interest to scientists around the world. The purpose of the study - to investigate lipid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with concurrent insulin resistance. Materials and methods. Forty-one patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol level (TC), triglycerides (TG) level, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were measured. Results. Group 1 - 26 patients with tuberculosis and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ˃ 2.7); Group 2 – 15 patients with tuberculosis without insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ˂ 2.7). Group 1 patients had severe course of TB with fever, severe fatigue and weakness, profuse sweating, weight loss, cough and shortness of breath. Median TC indices differed at significant level (p = 0.012): group 1 - 4.82 mmol/l, group 2 - 4.25 mmol/l. TG level was higher in group 1 patients - 1.32 mmol/l than in group 2 patients - 1.28 mmol/l. LDL cholesterol values were higher in group 1 patients - 3.2 mmol/l vs 2.5 mmol/l in group 2. The AI was higher in group1 (p = 0.005): 3.9 units against 2.8 units in group 2 patients. Conclusions. Insulin resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was associated with severe course of the disease, severe clinical manifestations and impaired external respiration. Pro-atherogenic disorders of lipid metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with concurrent insulin resistance can be considered as the degree of endogenous intoxication.

ETHIOPATHOGENETIC BIOMARKERS FOR THE FORMATION OF HEPATOSPLENOMEGAL SYNDROME AND THE CHOICE OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL PHLEBECTASIS BLEEDING

Summary. A range of specific biomarkers to evaluate the severity of the condition, the choice of tactics, effectiveness and prognosis of treatment are used.&#x0D; Goal. Evaluation of biomarkers characterizing the etiopathogenetic disorders in hepatosplenomegaly syndrome complicated by recurrent bleeding from esophageal phlebectasis to select individual treatment tactics.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The digestive function of phagocytes is investigated, the concentration of opsonizing, membranotropic cytotoxic factors and the degree of endogenous intoxication in 3 groups of patients with different etiological factors of hepatosplenomegaly, complicated by bleeding are evaluated.&#x0D; Results. The presence of specific trigger factors (viral hepatitis, herpes viruses, hereditary-related disorders of lysosomal enzymes) made it possible to classify patients into three groups. In the first group of patients with viral hepatitis B and C the induction of phagocytic activity of neutrophils, a significant increase in lymphocytotoxicity on the background of disorders of protein and lipid metabolism showed. In the second group of patients with the presence of herpes group viruses and autoimmune component an imbalance of opsonizing factors revealed, in particular proteins of the complement system, which caused impaired clearance of low molecular weight immune complexes and products of their degradation. In the third group of patients with hepatitis a significant decrease in the activity of lysosomal enzymes of phagocytic cells are found. The identified pathogenetic biomarkers indicate the presence in this group of patients with congenital enzymopathy characteristic of accumulation diseases. For patients with a pronounced manifestation of intercellular interactions disorders, as an effective alternative to liver transplantation the use of transfusions of mesenchymal stem cells, which are capable of trans differentiation under the influence of mediator microenvironment factors may be.

ИНФЕКЦИОННО-ТОКСИЧЕСКИЙ ШОК ПРИ БРЮШНОМ ТИФЕ В ПЕРИОДЫ ЭПИДЕМИИ И ПОСЛЕ НЕЁ

Objective: To study the frequency and causes of the development of infectious toxic shock (ITS) in typhoid fever in military servants during the epidemic and the post-epidemic period. Methods: In 451 Military Hospital of the Russian Ministry of Defense (Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan) from 1995 up to 2009 were treated 837 military servants, hospitalized with a diagnosis of typhoid fever, of which 38 (4.54%) had ITS. The degree of endogenous intoxication and the parameters of the cardiovascular, respiratory and urinary systems evaluated. Results: It’s been identified during the epidemic, since (1996 to 1999) from 350 (41.8%) hospitalized patients in 20 (5.7%) and the post-epidemic period (2000-2009) out of 487 (58.2%) patients in 18 (3.6%) were diagnosed the ITS. The intensive therapy provided ITS relief and achieving a favorable outcome for all 38 patients. Conclusions: Thus, ITS which is one of the formidable complications of typhoid fever, was more frequently occurred in the epidemic period (5.7%), which coincided with the period of armed confrontation. In the post-epidemic period, which was on peacetime, its frequency was 3.6% of all hospitalized patients with typhoid fever. Keywords: Typhoid fever, complications, infectious toxic shock, epidemic period, post-epidemic period.

Assessment of the intensity of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication in children with common appendicular peritonitis

The purpose of the study was to assess the intensity of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication in children with common appendicular peritonitis. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, 402 children with common appendicular peritonitis were examined. Clinical and laboratory studies included the interpretation of general blood analysis data, including the calculation of leukocyte intoxication index, nuclear neutrophil segmentation index and spontaneous leukocyte agglomeration index on 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- days of illness. The degree of endogenous intoxication was judged by the level of medium plasma molecules. The content of malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in blood serum were determined. Studies of hemostasis parameters were also conducted. Results. All children with common appendicular peritonit showed a significant increase in the number of total leukocytes (1,7–2,3 times) relative to the control group, a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left, and in a number of patients myelocytes and metamyelocytes were present, which affected the control of the increase in leukocyte intoxication index – LII. The progressive multiple accumulation in the body of children with peritonitis of POL products was manifested by a nearly twofold decrease in the concentration of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as an increase in the concentration of malonic dialdehyde and medium plasma molecules by more than 2 times compared with healthy children. In children with common appendicular peritonit before the operation, in the phase of the height of clinical manifestations, a significant increase in spontaneous leukocyte agglomeration index relative to control was observed. With the development of common appendicular peritonit in the hemostasis system, changes occur that are characterized by a significant relative to control decrease in the number of platelets, lengthening of the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Conclusions. It was found that pronounced inflammatory process and endotoxicosis, inevitably accompanying common appendicular peritonit, has a direct effect on the thrombocyte hemostasis, which can be a cause for disorders in the microcirculation system, aggravating both peritoneal lesions and increasing the risk of intra- and postoperative complications.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT REGIMEN USING SODIUM THIOSULFATE WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES IN CALVES WITH INTOXICATION SYNDROME

The aim of the research was to study the dependence of the severity on the degree of endogenous intoxication and the effectiveness of complex treatment of calves using sodium thiosulfate-based drugs for gastrointestinal diseases. Studies were carried out under production conditions in cattle farms of the Vitebsk, Liozno and Gorodok districts. As preparations based on sodium thiosulfate, the veterinary drug "Averon" produced by LLC Belekotekhnika RB and the veterinary preparation Antitox manufactured by ImmCont GmbH, Germany, were used. These drugs as an antitoxic agent, were administered once a day, intravenously, slowly at a dose of 25 ml, until the clinical signs of the disease disappeared in addition to the basic treatment taken in the farms with gastrointestinal diseases. The data obtained as a result of the analysis of the literature and the conduct of our own research showed that in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases of the calves, the link to the pathogenesis, which significantly determines the severity of their course and prognosis, is endogenous intoxication. It was found that in patients with calves, the MW content was higher at the height of the disease – 1.75–2 times with moderate severity and 1.94 and 2.47 times with severe. Laboratory criteria were established for predicting the severity of dyspepsia and abomasoenteritis in calves of 14 to 30 days of age. So, at a level higher than 0,120 conv. units in 100% of such calves, dyspepsia or gastroenteritis proceeded in a severe (toxic) form. The significant direct correlations between the concentration of MWS and LPO products (r ≥ 0.650) revealed at the height of the disease indicate the significance of LPO as a source in the development of endotoxication in gastrointestinal diseases in calves. It has been established that the use of drugs with antitoxic action based on sodium thiosulphate in the complex therapy of calves of patients with dyspepsia and abomasoenteritis can reduce the severity and lethality of calves with dyspepsia by 5% to 10%. Key words: calves, blood, endogenous intoxication, abomazoenteritis, dyspepsia, therapeutic efficacy, treatment.

Changes in the indicators of endogenous intoxication in rats with experimental carcinogenesis and the use of enterosorption

Topicality.Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. It accounts for 45 % of cases of gastrointestinal cancer in women and 60 % in men. The occurrence of tumors is accompanied by endogenous intoxication syndrome, which requires, in addition to antitumor therapy, the use of accompaniment therapy, in particular, enterosorption.Aim. To find out changes in endogenous intoxication markers in the body of white rats under conditions of induced 1,2-dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis and after the application of the AUT enterosorbent.Material and methods. The experiments were performed on white male rats, which simulated colon cancer by weekly subcutaneous administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine at a dose of 7.2 mg/kg body weight for 30 weeks. Enterosorbent AUT was administered intragastrally daily for 21 days after modeling carcinogenesis at a dose of 1 ml of suspension (which corresponds to0.2 g of pure mass of the product) per100 g of animal body weight. The degree of endogenous intoxication was determined by the erythrocyte index of intoxication and the content of molecules of average weight. The state of the humoral immune system was assessed by the content of circulating immune complexes in the serum.Results and discussion. Under conditions of induced 1,2-dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis, an increase in the content of all fractions of molecules of average weight was registered. At the same time, an increase in the permeability of erythrocyte membranes was observed, as indicated by an increase in the percentage of erythrocyte intoxication index (the end of the study by 68 %). A statistically significant increase in the content of circulating immune complexes in conditions of chronic neoplastic intoxication was revealed, which reached the highest level in the seventh month of the experiment (335 %). The use of carbon enterosorbent AUT led to the normalization of the studied parameters.Conclusions. The development of induced chemical carcinogenesis is accompanied by a deepening of the endogenous intoxication of the organism. The use of enterosorbent AUT leads to a decrease in the degree of intoxication, which makes it possible to offer it to be included in the treatment regimen of cancer patients in order to alleviate the course of the disease.

CHRONIC HEART FAILURE COURSE PROGNOSIS DEPENDING ON BODY WEIGHT AND ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION SYNDROME

Introduction: Over the years, heart failure remains one of the most common and prognostically unfavorable conditions. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of complications in patients with CHF depending on the body weight and intoxication syndrome of varying degrees of severity. Materials and methods: A complete clinical examination was performed in 58 patients (41 (70.6%) men and 17 (29.4%) women) with CHF. In addition to the standard examination in accordance with the protocol, the level of endogenous intoxication was determined by the level of medium-weight molecules (MWM254) and leptin. The patients were randomized into 4 groups depending on their body mass index and the degree of endogenous intoxication. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the methods of variation statistics "Statistica 6.0". Results: It was revealed that the worst survival rate is observed in patients with normal body mass against the background of the expressed endogenous intoxication syndrome, the best survival rate is observed provided that there are a normal body mass and endogenous intoxication of a minimum degree. An inverse correlation between the body mass index and the endogenous intoxication indicator (blood MWM) was detected. Patients with CHF should have their leptin level evaluated. An increase in its level was associated with arterial hypertension, an increase in blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism disorders. Conclusions: Increased level of blood MWM worsens the forecast of CHF. The unfavorable outcome was observed in patients with the combination of hypoleptinemia with severe endogenous intoxication.

ОЦІНКА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОРМОВИХ ДОБАВОК ГУМІНОВОЇ ПРИРОДИ ЗА ЛЕЙКОЦИТАРНИМИ ІНДЕКСАМИ У ЩУРІВ ПІСЛЯ КОМБІНОВАНОГО СТРЕСУ

In response to the action of stress factors of different genesis in a living organism, a cascade of adaptive responses, which can neutralize functional disorders of homeostasis, is triggered. Combining the effects of various stress factors can cause excessive formation and accumulation of active forms of oxygen, which entails a number of pathological conditions that create the preconditions for the development of a large number of diseases. One of the indicators of the development of adaptation and the integral indicator of the body's state is the blood system, especially the leukocytic formula, whose redistribution makes it possible to analyze the nature of the effect and estimate the intensity of adaptive processes in the body due to functions that perform different forms of leukocytes. Leukocyte indices in which the parameters of the leukocyte formula were used, allow assessment of the degree of endogenous intoxication, the development of resistance and the character of cellular immunity for the influence of stress factors on the organism of animals and humans.The article considers the possibility of evaluating the preventive effect of natural antioxidants of humic nature on indices of leukocytes on the organism of rats after the influence of combined water-immobilization stress (WICS). for this, the animals were divided into five groups of 6 animals: 1- group of intact animals (control); 2-5 – experimental groups. Animals of all experimental groups were additionally received orally, individually with the help of a probe for 18 days, water, feed additives "Humilid" (at 5 mg / kg of body weight per active ingredient), "Eco-Impulse Animal" (at a rate of 2.5 mg / kg body weight) and vitamin E (at a rate of 50 mg / kg body weight). In animals, 2, 3, 4 and 5 groups simulated stress. It has been established that the effects of water-immobilization combined stress on blood of rats lead to the growth of cells of the leukocyte series, mainly due to the increase of eosinophils and rod-neutron neutrophils. The use of natural antioxidant, a feed additive "Humilid" in the pre-season period causes a decrease in the number of leukocytes by 41% compared to values in animals that received purified water during this period and did not differ from those in intact animals. The change in leukocyte indexes indicates functional changes in the body and the presence of a neutrophilic shear on the background of WICS in rats. Also, the effect of WICS leads to the release of the younger forms of neutrophils in the bloodstream, an increase in both the percentage of eosinophils and the quantitative. For preventive use of feed additives of humic nature, "Humilid" and "Eco-Impulse Animal" and vitamin E, the studied parameters are close to the values of the control group.

TO THE QUESTION OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE HEMATOGENOUS OSTEOMYELITIS OF BONES OF THE HIP JOINT IN CHILDREN

Our goal was to develop objective criteria for early diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) of bones of the hip joint (BHJ)) in children. For the differential diagnosis between AHO and the reactive coxitis (RC) we examined a total of 93 children (61 AHO BHJ and 32 RC cases). AHO BHJ patients are characterized by a higher degree of endogenous intoxication when compared with RC patients. CT allows diagnose AHO BHJ before the appearance of radiological signs (starting from 3 days from the onset of the disease) in the bone tissue and can be used to differentiate AHO BHJ from RC. These features allow using these parameters as objective criteria for the differential diagnosis in children with acutely developed pain in hip joint area

ВПЛИВ ПРЕПАРАТУ “ТІОТРИАЗОЛІН” НА СТАН ЕНДОГЕННОЇ ІНТОКСИКАЦІЇ У ПІЗНІЙ ПЕРІОД РОЗВИТКУ ВИРАЗКОВОЇ ХВОРОБИ ШЛУНКА В УМОВАХ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ПНЕВМОНІЇ

Пневмонія і виразкова хвороба шлунка – одні з найбільш поширених захворювань людини, які в ХХІ ст. залишаються важливими медико-соціальними проблемами.Мета дослідження – встановити ступінь ендогенної інтоксикації у пізній період розвитку виразкової хвороби шлунка (ВХШ) і експериментальної пневмонії (ЕП), а також вплив препарату “Tіотриазолін” на порушені показники.Матеріали і методи дослідження. Дослідження проводили на 49 морських свинках-самцях масою 180–210 г. Експериментальну пневмонію викликали за методом В. Н. Шляпникова, Т. Л. Солодова, виразкову хворобу шлунка моделювали за методом В. И. Комарова. Визначали вміст МСМ при довжині хвилі 254 нм за методом І. А. Волчегорского, Д. А. Дятлова, Е. І. Львовскої та ін., еритроцитарний індекс інтоксикації (ЕІІ) за методом А. А. Тогобаєва, А. В. Кургузкіна, І. В. Рікуна та ін. Тіотриазолін вводили внутрішньом’язово у дозі 100 мг на 1 кг маси щоденно з 10 до 18 доби експерименту і декапітували тварин під ефірним наркозом на 10 та 18 доби формування запального процесу в легенях і виразкової хвороби шлунка.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Еритроцитарний індекс інтоксикації в крові у тварин із ВХШ і ЕП на 10 добу значно підвищився – 85,2 % (p&lt;0,05) відносно контрольних тварин. Результати подальших досліджень ЕІІ на 18 добу цих моделей хвороб виявили його зростання, порівняно з інтактними тваринами, – підвищився на 96,3 % (p&lt;0,05). Рівень МСМ на 10 добу зріс відносно тварин першої групи на 98,5 % (p&lt;0,05), а надалі цей показник зазнав свого апогею – 107,2 % (p&lt;0,05).Висновки. Виявлено наростання ендогенної інтоксикації у пізній період розвитку ЕП і ВХШ. Використання препарату “Тіотриазолін” зумовлює позитивний його вплив на концентрацію ЕІІ і МСМ за умов розвитку ЕП і ВХШ.

Molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorders in the organs of rats of different ages affected by sodium nitrite in the context of tobacco intoxication

Among pollutants a significant threat is posed by heavy metals, nitrate fertilizers and industrial waste. However, people also contribute to this threat through bad habits such as smoking and alcohol. All these factors affect health and can cause death. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of reactive oxygen species, markers of cytolysis of hepatocytes, cardoza and the degree of endogenous intoxication in the organism of rats affected by nitrite of sodium on the background of tobacco intoxication. The experiments were carried out on white rats, which were divided into three age categories: immature, mature and old, who for 30 days were exposed to tobacco smoke. The research animals were divided into three groups. One of them for 24 hours before the end of the experiment was given sodium nitrite, the second group was given sodium nitrite 72 hours before the end of the experiment. 30 days after poisoning we tested the contents of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils, cytolysis of erythrocyte membrane was investigated by erythrocytic index of intoxication, hepatocytes and cardiocytes – aminotransferase activity. The degree of endogenous intoxication was evaluated by the content of average weight molecules in blood serum. Poisoning of rats with sodium nitrite on the background of the 30 day intoxication by tobacco smoke led to a significant formation of ROS in neutrophils of rats of different age groups. We investigated the activity of aminotransferases in the blood serum and the above organs of rats after exposing them to sodium nitrite and 30 day tobacco smoke. In the blood serum of adult and aged rats, the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased in these conditions by 2.1 and 1.6 times, respectively. Sodium nitrite, which was an additional factor in the intoxication of the rats of all age groups by smoke, caused more pronounced changes in the activity of the studied enzyme in the blood serum. In the liver and myocardium of rats of different ages a reliable decrease of this index was observed in all experimental groups. There was a significant increase in the serum of rats at different ages of aspartate aminotransferase activity. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in the myocardium of all experimental animals showed a reduction by 1.2–1.3 times after smoke inhalation and 1.5–1.6 times with simultaneous intoxication of the rats by sodium nitrite and tobacco smoke. Sodium nitrite, as an additional toxin raised the penetration capacity of erythrocytes among rats poisoned with smoke.By the end of the experiment, the erythrocyte index of intoxication increased in all age groups: immature rats by 31.7%, mature – by 36.0%, in old rats – by 23.6%. The next step of our research was to investigate the markers of endogenous intoxication – average molecular weight. After the simultaneous intoxication of rats by sodium nitrate and tobacco smoke, at the end of the experiment the content of average weight molecules was λ = 254 and of average mass λ=280 inthe blood serum of rats of all age groups increased by 3.1–3.3 times compared with the intact control group. Immature rats proved most sensitive to the action of sodium nitrite and tobacco.

AGE RELATED OXIDATIVE PROCESSES AND ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION DYNAMICS OF RATS ARTER TOBACCO SMOKE AFFECTION

Background. In an experiment on rats in the content of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products in blood and liver of rats of different age groups after 45-day affection with tobacco smoke was studied.Objective. The study was aimed to investigate the rate of reactive oxygen species formation, especially the processes of lipid peroxidation and degree of endogenous intoxication in rats of different age groups in terms of 45 day affection with tobacco smoke.Methods. The content of ROS was determined in blood neutrophils method gradient centrifugation, the activity of free radical processes in rats evaluated the content of TBA - active products (TBA - AP), the degree of endogenous intoxication - the content average molecular weight (AMW) of the two factions – MW1 (dominated by chain amino acids) and MW2 (dominated by aromatic amino acids). Blood, blood serum and liver of the experimental rats were used for the investigation. It was prepared 10% homogenate in saline from liver tissue.Results. We have noticed that the destruction of rats by tobacco smoke for 45 days caused the increase of ROS in blood content, which is the result of toxic effect on the body. The immature rats were the most sensitive to the affection, which ROS contents in neutrophils increased in 2.75 times till the end of the experiment, in the mature animals it was in 1.65 times higher than in the intacts, in the senile it was higher in 2.43 times than normal rate. It was found that the level of oxygen metabolites and TBA-active products increased during the experiment (on the 15th, 30th and 45th day of toxicity).Conclusions. The most pronounced changes were inherent for the immature rats. Accumulation of active toxic metabolites was conducted with endogenous intoxication intensifying that was proved by the high content of catabolism products in the body – middle mass molecules that are likely to grow in serum of rats of all age groups.

State insulin resistance, the intensity of endogenous intoxication in patients with chronic pancreatitis against obesity treatment in the dynamics of L-carnitine and L-glutathione

Aim. To study the L-carnitine and L-glutathione influence on the clinical course of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in patients with obesity. Materials and methods. Three representative groups of patients were formed to determine the effectiveness of treatment. The average age of patients was (41.7±4.2) years. The common control group included 30 practically healthy persons (PHP) of the corresponding age and gender. The control group (group 1 (K), 25 persons), the basic group 2 (group 2 (A), 30 persons), the basic group 3 (group 3 (B) 25 persons). Results. After applying the proposed therapy in CP patients (group b) in the course of the disease compared with the group K showed an improvement of health, reduction of asthenic-vegetative, intoxication, and dyspepsia syndromes signs. After 2 weeks of therapy asthenic-vegetative syndrome was absent. Analysis of indicators in 3 months after treatment indicated that patients of the 2nd and the 3rd were achieved stable remission of CP, as no patient visited doctors for medical aid again. But, in 3 months after treatment 2 patients of the K group (10%) were admitted again, 5 patients (25%) sought medical help repeatedly concerning exacerbation of CP symptoms to the gastroenterologists. The result of the complex therapy with L-glutathione and L-carnitine addition positive effect on the IR syndrome is defined in our study a significant decrease of body mass index in patients of the 2nd and the 3rd groups during a 60 days period respectively: 7.5% and 8.1% (p<0.05). Conclusions. A specific method of patients’ treatment with CP on the background of obesity, which includes basic therapy together with the using of L-glutathione and L-carnitine combination, helps to eliminate clinical and biochemical signs of chronic pancreatitis exacerbation, to reduce the degree of endogenous intoxication, oxidative and nitro-oxidative stress, to normalize steadily the glycemic and insulin level, to reduce body weight.

CIRCADIAN BLOODE PRESSURE PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY PNEUMONIA WITH VARYING SEVERITY ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION

Background. Purpose. Evaluate the effect of endogenous intoxication (EI) on circadian blood pressure profile with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods. In 140 patients with CAP investigated hemodynamic systemic circulation at EI varying severity. Result. It was found that the II and III degree of EI was characterized by an increase in hypotonic stress on target organs and decrease variability of blood pressure (BP) during both day and night, against excessive daily index of BP (p <0.05). In this therapy eliminates the EP violation of hemodynamic parameters in most patients, with the exception of III degree EI, where preserved signs of hypotension during convalescence. Conclusion. Endogenous intoxication initiates the development of a stable systolic and diastolic arterial hypotension in patients with CAP, reaching maximum changes at the III degree of EI at night.