Degradation Of Textile Effluent Research Articles

Improved biodegradation of textile dye effluent by coculture

The present study demonstrates the de-colorization and degradation of textile effluent by coculture consisting of three bacterial species isolated from textile effluent contaminated environment with an aim to reduce the treatment time. The isolates were identified as Ochrobactrum sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Providencia vermicola by 16S rRNA analysis. Their secondary structure was predicted and GC content of the sequence was found to be 54.39, 52.10, and 52.53%. The co-culture showed a prominent increase in the degradation activity due to the action of oxidoreductase enzymatic mechanism of laccase, NADH–DCIP reductase and azoreductase activity. The biodegradability index of 0.75 was achieved with 95% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction in 16h and 78 and 85% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) and total solids was observed. Bioaccumulation of metals was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The effective decolorization was confirmed from the results of UV–vis spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer analyzes. The possible degradation pathway was obtained from the analysis of liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis and the metabolites such as 2-amino naphthalene and N-phenyl-1.3,5 triazine were observed. The toxic nature of the effluent was analyzed using phyto-toxicity, cell-death assay and geno-toxicity tests.

ZnO/Ag/Mn2O3 nanocomposite for visible light-induced industrial textile effluent degradation, uric acid and ascorbic acid sensing and antimicrobial activity

Ternary ZnO/Ag/Mn2O3 nanocomposite as photocatalyst, sensing and antimicrobial material.

Enhanced degradation of textile effluent in constructed wetland system using Typha domingensis and textile effluent-degrading endophytic bacteria

Textile effluent is one of the main contributors of water pollution and it adversely affects fauna and flora. Constructed wetland is a promising approach to remediate the industrial effluent. The detoxification of industrial effluent in a constructed wetland system may be enhanced by applying beneficial bacteria that are able to degrade contaminants present in industrial effluent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of inoculation of textile effluent-degrading endophytic bacteria on the detoxification of textile effluent in a vertical flow constructed wetland reactor. A wetland plant, Typha domingensis, was vegetated in reactor and inoculated with two endophytic bacterial strains, Microbacterium arborescens TYSI04 and Bacillus pumilus PIRI30. These strains possessed textile effluent-degrading and plant growth-promoting activities. Results indicated that bacterial inoculation improved plant growth, textile effluent degradation and mutagenicity reduction and were correlated with the population of textile effluent-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere and endosphere of T. domingensis. Bacterial inoculation enhanced textile effluent-degrading bacterial population in rhizosphere, root and shoot of T. domingensis. Significant reductions in COD (79%), BOD (77%) TDS (59%) and TSS (27%) were observed by the combined use of plants and bacteria within 72 h. The resultant effluent meets the wastewater discharge standards of Pakistan and can be discharged into the environment without any risks. This study revealed that the combined use of plant and endophytic bacteria is one of the approaches to enhance textile effluent degradation in a constructed wetland system.

Visible light degradation of textile effluent using novel catalyst ZnO/γ-Mn2O3

The novel ZnO/γ-Mn2O3 (various weight percentages) nanocomposite catalysts were prepared by thermal decomposition method and their size, shape, and surface area were characterized by various techniques. Further, the prepared samples were used to degrade methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in aqueous medium under visible light irradiation. Finally, the best catalyst was employed to degrade phenol and a textile effluent. The recycling ability and their efficiency of catalyst are discussed in detail.

Solar assisted photo fenton for cost effective degradation of textile effluents in comparison to AOPS

Solar assisted Photo Fenton was compared with advanced oxidation processes for their color and
 COD removal efficiency and cost effectiveness. H2O2 alone appeared to be inefficient to reduce
 color and COD content of any effluent. The performance of Fenton process was slightly better, color
 and COD removals were 45 % and 63% respectively. Photo Fenton treatment of blue effluent
 resulted into color and COD removal of 56 % and 66 % respectively. In case of black effluent, the
 removal of these parameters was 39 % and 84% respectively. However, application of solar
 radiation (18 hours) resulted in substantial color and COD removal (i.e. 52 % and 88 % respectively
 for black effluent and 61 % and 85 %, respectively for blue effluent). Solar assisted photo Fenton
 proved as the most energy and cost effective (100 to 150 times less as compared to UV/Fe/H2O2
 and O3 ) process among all AOPs, although ozone completely decolorized the effluent and showed
 more than 87% COD removal in an alkaline medium (pH 9) but at very high cost. The electrical
 energy requirements of the tested processes followed the increasing order UV/Fe/H2O2 < O3 < H2O2< Fe/H2O2< Solar/ Fe/H2O2.

A comparative study on the degradation of RB-19 dye in an aqueous medium by advanced oxidation processes

The effectiveness of photolysis (UV), peroxidation (H2O2), peroxidation combined with UV light (UV/H2O2), Fenton reagent (H2O2/Fe2+), and the photo-Fenton process (H2O2/Fe2+/UV) at degrading the textile dye Reactive Blue 19 was evaluated. The efficiency of the photo-Fenton process for degrading raw textiles and biologically pre-treated effluents was also evaluated. H2O2 (100–800 mg L−1) and UV light did not degrade dye when used separately. The UV/H2O2 process was effective but slow: 91% of dye degraded within 3 h of reaction at a concentration of 500 mg L−1 H2O2. Fenton reagent reduced dissolved organic carbon by 36.8% and color was reduced by >98% within a few minutes of reaction. The photo-Fenton process was the most efficient, reducing 94.5% of dissolved organic carbon and 99.4% of color. The combination of a biological system and the photo-Fenton process degraded a high level of textile effluent degradation, reducing dissolved organic carbon by 88%, color by 85%, chemical oxygen demand by 80%, and biochemical oxygen demand by 93%.

Photoelectrocatalytic decolorization and degradation of textile effluent using ZnO thin films

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been successfully deposited onto fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass at substrate temperature of 400°C and used as electrode in photoelectrocatalytic reactor. The untreated textile effluent was circulated through photoelectrocatalytic reactor under UVA illumination for the decolorization and degradation. Textile effluent was decolorized by 93% within 3h at room temperature with significant reduction in COD (69%). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of samples before and after decolorization confirmed the degradation of dyes molecules from textile effluent into simpler oxidizable products. Phytotoxicity study revealed reduction in toxic nature of textile effluent after treatment.

Ultrasound as a basic and auxiliary process for dye remediation: A review

Ultrasonic treatment of recalcitrant contaminants has been of utmost interest recently due to the advantages of the cavitation phenomenon, which enhances the efficiency of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). The current review summarizes the use of ultrasound with biochemical, electrochemical, ozonation, photolysis, photocatalysis and Fenton processes for the degradation of mostly textile dyes and dyebath. There is a few studies about ultrasonic degradation of textile effluents or wastewater due to highly variable contents. It was found that the most common use of ultrasonic irradiation for dye degradation is the combined with the heterogeneous catalysts/adsorbents. The reaction mechanism of the ultrasonic irradiation in heterogeneous media was well investigated and understood. However, there is still lack of information about the reaction mechanism of ultrasonic irradiation in the homogeneous solutions, especially containing ferrous ions. Fenton reaction is already fast itself and gives effective degradation during the oxidation. Therefore, addition of ultrasonic irradiation to Fenton oxidation was less effective compared to other auxiliary processes. It should also be noted that ultrasonic irradiation had a negative effect on dye degradation during combined with electro-oxidation process.

Ecofriendly degradation, decolorization and detoxification of textile effluent by a developed bacterial consortium

Present study illustrates the effectual decolorization and degradation of the textile effluent using a developed bacterial consortium SDS, consisted of bacterial species Providencia sp. SDS and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa strain BCH, originally isolated from dye contaminated soil. The intensive metabolic activity of the consortium SDS led to complete decolorization of textile effluent within 20 h at pH 7 and temperature 30 °C. Significant induction in the activities of veratryl alcohol oxidase, laccase, azoreductase and DCIP reductase were observed during decolorization, which indicates their involvement in decolorization and degradation process. The decolorization and biodegradation was monitored using UV–vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, HPLC and HPTLC analysis. Toxicological analysis of effluent before and after treatment was performed using classical Allium cepa test. Investigations of various toxicological parameters viz, oxidative stress response, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and phytotoxicity, collectively concludes that, the toxicity of effluent reduces significantly after treatment with consortium SDS.

Effect of Support on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Effluents Using Nb2O5 and ZnO: Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dye

Photocatalysis is an alternative for industrial effluents degradation, which is capable of mineralizing compounds. This study evaluated the photodegradation of textile dye using Nb2O5 and ZnO supported on zeolite and activated carbon. ZnO/NaX was the most efficient catalyst, with color removal of 98% for dye solutions at 10 mg L−1, following pseudo-first order kinetics.

Degradation of Textile Wastewater by Electrochemical Method

The degradation of diluted textile effluent was studied by electrochemical technique. For electrochemical degradation, the graphite carbon electrodes were used as anode and cathode. Electrochemical behavior of effluent was performed with cyclic voltammetry in different pH 1 to 11 using pencil graphite as working electrode. The potentials selected for the dyes were in the range +0.8 V to -0.4 V. The voltammetric curve of effluent at pH 1 shows cathodic peaks at +0.3365 V and +0.0613 V and anodic peaks at +0.396 V and +0.689 V. During electrochemical degradation, the chromoporic groups and aromatic rings were destroyed. Decolourisation and degradation of the effluent was followed using UV-vis spectroscopy, LC-MS and COD measurements. The dyes present in the textile effluent were completely oxidised and degraded with graphite electrodes. The effect of initial pH, supporting electrolyte and current density on the degradation of textile effluent was discussed.

Exploring the ability of Sphingobacterium sp. ATM to degrade textile dye Direct Blue GLL, mixture of dyes and textile effluent and production of polyhydroxyhexadecanoic acid using waste biomass generated after dye degradation

The degradation of textile effluent using microorganisms has been studied extensively, but disposal of generated biomass after dye degradation is a serious problem. Among all tested microorganisms, isolated Sphingobacterium sp. ATM effectively decolorized (100%) the dye Direct Blue GLL (DBGLL) and simultaneously it produced (64%) polyhydroxyhexadecanoic acid (PHD). The organism decolorized DBGLL at 300 mg l −1 concentration within 24 h of dye addition and gave optimum production of PHD. The organism also decolorized three combinations of mixture of dyes. The organism decolorized textile effluent too when it was combined with medium. The organism produced a maximum of 66% and 61% PHD while decolorizing mixture of dyes and textile effluent respectively. Molasses was found to be more significant within all carbon sources used. The activity of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase was found to be higher after 24 h of addition of DBGLL. The enzymes responsible for dye degradation, viz. veratryl alcohol oxidase, laccase, DCIP (2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol) reductase, riboflavin reductase, and azo reductase were found to be induced during decolorization process of DBGLL and mixture of dyes. There was significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). FTIR analysis of samples before and after decolorization of dye confirmed the biotransformation of DBGLL.

Photocatalytic degradation of textile effluent using hydrothermally synthesised titania supported molybdenum oxide photocatalyst

The photocatalytic degradation of textile effluent using hydrothermally synthesised titania supported molybdenum oxide photocatalyst at 200°C with an autogenous pressure and experimental duration of 24 h has been reported. A control over the particle size, morphology and crystallinity of the photocatalyst has been studied with respect to the experimental parameters such as nutrient composition, solvent, pH, experimental duration, temperature and pressure. The products synthesised were characterised using XRD, SEM, FTIR, etc. The photodegradation of textile effluent using these composite was investigated under both solar and ultraviolet irradiation. The degradation of textile effluent was checked by the following parameters: chemical oxygen demand (COD), percentage transmission (%T), irradiation time and duration. The preliminary results are highly encouraging and further work is being carried out for the use of these photocatalytic compounds for other organic decomposition.

Production of polyhydroxyhexadecanoic acid by using waste biomass of Sphingobacterium sp. ATM generated after degradation of textile dye Direct Red 5B

The degradation of textile effluent using microorganisms has been studied extensively, but disposal of generated biomass after dye degradation is a serious problem. The isolated Sphingobacterium sp . ATM was found to decolorize dye Direct Red 5B (DR5B) and simultaneously it produced polyhydroxyhexadecanoic acid (PHD). The organism decolorized DR5B at 500 mg l −1 concentration within 24 h of dye addition and gave optimum production of PHD. The medium contains carbon source as a molasses which was found to be more significant within all carbon sources used. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS) characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates obtained revealed the compound as a polyhydroxyhexadecanoic acid. The activity of PHA synthase was found more at 24 h after dye addition. The enzymes responsible for dye degradation include veratrol oxidase, laccase, DCIP (2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol) reductase, riboflavin reductase and azo reductase was found to be induced during decolorization process. The FTIR analysis of samples before and after decolorization of dye confirmed the biotransformation of DR5B. The GC–MS analysis of product obtained led to the identification of two metabolites after biotransformation of dye as p-amino benzenesulfonic acid and naphthalene-1-ol.

Azo dye degradation by recycled waste zero-valent iron powder

In this paper an efficient method for azo dye degradation using an environmentally friendly zero-valent iron powder source is presented (iron particles discarded from a manufacturing process). The influence of several experimental parameters (such as pH, iron mass, particle size, substrate concentration, oxidizing and inert atmospheres) on the ability of zero-valent iron to reduce the chromophoric groups and total organic carbon content of the azo dye Remazol Black B was evaluated. Kinetic studies revealed that the azo degradation by Fe0 appeared to be first-order with respect to substrate, with an observed rate constant (kobs) of 0.153 min-1. Under the optimized operational conditions (pH 3, [Fe] = 5 g L-1, iron particle size < 250 µm), the iron-based process produced net a reduction in color and total organic carbon of about 95% and 70%, respectively. The process was also evaluated for the degradation of textile effluent. The studied process showed good characteristics, which can make it an effective alternative for polluted aquatic system remediation.

Treatment of textile dyehouse wastewater by TiO 2 photocatalysis

The oxidative degradation of an actual textile dyehouse wastewater was investigated by means of photocatalysis in the presence of TiO 2. The UV-A-induced photocatalytic oxidation over TiO 2 suspensions was capable of decolorizing the effluent completely, as well as reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) sufficiently (COD reduction generally varied between about 40% and 90% depending on the operating conditions) after 4 h of treatment. Two crystalline forms of TiO 2, viz. anatase and rutile, were tested for their photocatalytic activity and anatase was found to be more active than rutile. The extent of photocatalytic degradation was found to increase with increasing TiO 2 concentration up to 0.5 g/L TiO 2, above which degradation remained practically constant, reaching a plateau. Furthermore, textile effluent degradation was enhanced at acidic conditions (i.e. pH=3) and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. To assess catalyst activity on repeated use, experiments were performed where the catalyst was recovered and reused; after three successive uses, TiO 2 had sufficiently retained its photocatalytic activity. Finally, the luminescent marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri was used to assess the acute ecotoxicity of samples prior to and after the photocatalytic treatment and it was found that ecotoxicity was fully eliminated following photocatalytic oxidation.