Abstract
In this paper an efficient method for azo dye degradation using an environmentally friendly zero-valent iron powder source is presented (iron particles discarded from a manufacturing process). The influence of several experimental parameters (such as pH, iron mass, particle size, substrate concentration, oxidizing and inert atmospheres) on the ability of zero-valent iron to reduce the chromophoric groups and total organic carbon content of the azo dye Remazol Black B was evaluated. Kinetic studies revealed that the azo degradation by Fe0 appeared to be first-order with respect to substrate, with an observed rate constant (kobs) of 0.153 min-1. Under the optimized operational conditions (pH 3, [Fe] = 5 g L-1, iron particle size < 250 µm), the iron-based process produced net a reduction in color and total organic carbon of about 95% and 70%, respectively. The process was also evaluated for the degradation of textile effluent. The studied process showed good characteristics, which can make it an effective alternative for polluted aquatic system remediation.
Highlights
Over the last decades, the increasing demand for dyes by the textile industry has shown a high pollutant potential
The main aim of this work was to promote the degradation of Remazol Black B by employing a source of iron that is environmentally friendly, has a low energy cost and is inexpensive
The total organic carbon (TOC) reduction was measured with a Shimadzu TOC-5000A Total Organic Analyzer, according to ISO 8245.24 The dye content adsorbed on the iron particle surface was evaluated by using thermogravimetric methods
Summary
The increasing demand for dyes by the textile industry has shown a high pollutant potential. It is estimated that around 10 -15% of the dyes are lost in the effluent during the dyeing processes.[1,2] The discharge of highly colored synthetic dye effluents can be very damaging to the receiving water bodies, since these dyes in the water strongly absorb sunlight, which decreases the intensity of light absorbed by water plants and phytoplankton, reducing photosynthesis and the oxygenation of water reservoirs.[3] public perception. The efficiency of advanced oxidation processes for degradation of recalcitrant compounds has been extensively documented,[7,8,9,10,11] their use for removal of dyes from textile wastewater has some drawbacks, such as high operating and equipment costs.
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