Cystic Degeneration Research Articles

Accessory cardiac bronchus with associated lung parenchyma: rare congenital tracheobronchial anomaly.

Accessory cardiac bronchus (ACB) has been described mainly as case reports finding (frequency 0.08%-0.39%). Even though 50% of all ACBs have a blind extremity, imaging studies have demonstrated that some develop into a series of bronchioles with cystic degeneration or a ventilated lobule demarcated by an anomalous fissure and extremely rare with an abnormal pulmonary artery. In this case, ACB was demonstrated on several imaging methods arising from the intermediate bronchus's medial wall with correspondent blood vessels and fissure. Although an ACB is not a pathological entity and most patients with ACB are asymptomatic, it can become symptomatic due to recurrent infection, empyema, hemoptysis, and malignant transformation. In conclusion, both pulmonologists and radiologists should recognize normal bronchial anatomy and developmental bronchial anomalies, as these may be important to establish a correct diagnosis.

Evaluation of the clinical behavior of unclassified renal cell carcinoma and its imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging based on World Health Organization (WHO) 2022

ObjectivesTo ascertain the clinical behaviors of unclassified renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its characteristic imaging findings on CT and MRI.MethodsSubjects in this retrospective study were 10 patients who had received a histological diagnosis of unclassified RCC based on World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 and who had undergone CT and/or MRI prior to surgery. In terms of clinical behaviors, TNM classification, stage, postoperative recurrence, time to recurrence, and postoperative survival were evaluated. In terms of imaging findings, tumor size, growth pattern, CT density, dynamic contrast-enhancement (DCE) pattern, internal appearance, presence of a pseudocapsule, and signal intensity on MRI were evaluated. We compared clinical behaviors and imaging findings, and investigated associations between them.ResultsOne patient could not be followed-up due to death from other causes. Postoperative recurrence was observed in 4 patients, all of whom had Stage 3 RCC. In the remaining 5 patients without recurrence, all 5 patients showed Stage 2 or below. On imaging, unclassified RCC tended to be large (58.7 mm) and solid (100%), and heterogeneous interiors (80%), cystic degeneration (80%) and high intensity on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (71.4%) were common. Comparing patients with and without recurrence, the following findings tended to differ between recurrence and recurrence-free groups: tumor size (73.4 ± 33.9 mm vs. 50.2 ± 33.9 mm, P = 0.286), growth pattern (invasive: 100% vs. 0%, expansive: 0% vs. 100%, P = 0.008 each), DCE pattern (progressive enhancement pattern, 66.7% vs. 0%, washout pattern, 0% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.135 each) and presence of a pseudocapsule (25% vs. 80%, P = 0.167).ConclusionThe clinical behavior of unclassified RCC varies widely. Although imaging findings are also variable, findings of large, heterogeneous tumors with cystic degeneration and high intensity on DWI were common. Several imaging findings such as large size, invasive growth, progressive enhancement pattern and no pseudocapsule may enable prediction of prognosis in unclassified RCC.

The histological and hormonal changes that occur on reproductive system and pregnancy in adult albino mice after treatment of tramadol

Tramadol is a centrally active synthetic opioid analgesic that is used extensively. The present research conducted to outline the histological changes on reproductive system ( ovaries and uterus of females and testis of male) and hormonal status of mature albino mice . Fourty mice (male and female) weighing approximately 25-30g were used in the present study. Animals were divided into two groups control male and females (n=20) and tramadol treatment male and female group (n=20). Applied tramadol doses 25mg /Kg/day were daily injected intramuscular for 60 days. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and their ovary, uterus and testis were incised and fixed in 10% formalin for histological investigation .The blood sample were collected for measure hormonal levels (sex hormones) of both sex. The results of males hormones levels showing highly significant reduce in the level of testosterone and highly significant increase in the level of prolactin hormone while (FSH and LH) showed significant decrease as compared with control group. The result of female hormones levels showed a highly significant reduce in the level of Estradiol and significant decrease in the level of (FSH and LH) hormones as compared with control group. The histological section of ovary showing damage of growing follicles, increase cellularity of stroma, cystic follicle degeneration. There were hypertrophied endometrium glands , atrophic endometrium lining of uterus, testis possessed disorganization of the seminiferous tubules with inflammatory cells, degenerative change in germ cell with vacuolated epithelium.

Male breast cancer: a case report

Objective: This article aims to report a case of breast cancer in a male patient, who also had tumor lysis syndrome and suspected metastasis to the cranial vault. Case details: The present study reports the case of a male patient, 77 years old, with no family history of cancer, who presented with gynecomastia and an irregular mass in the infra-axillary region, with central cystic degeneration, classified as BIRADS IV-A. The patient evolved with tumor lysis syndrome and also had multiple lytic bone lesions scattered throughout the skull, with the possibility of secondary neoplastic involvement. Final considerations: Breast cancer in men is usually diagnosed in more advanced stages and is usually managed according to the procedures recommended for female breast cancer. It is important to understand the disease and its clinical manifestations, as well as to raise awareness about this type of cancer in men. In addition, further studies on specific therapeutic options for male breast cancer are needed to establish an evidence-based standard of care for this population.

Morphological profile of the ovaries of high-yielding cows on day 0 of the induced sexual cycle

An important part of reproduction management programmes on dairy farms is the detection of infertile cows and early re-insemination to achieve higher rates of pregnancy. The purpose of the study was to investigate the features of gonadal morphogenesis in high-yielding cows in the conditions of industrial keeping technology on day 0 of the sexual cycle in vivo in real time. Structural, comparative, and statistical methods were used, as well as biotechnical methods of palpation cyclic examination of ovaries with differential diagnosis of morphophysiological or pathomorphological indicators. The results of diagnostics of the ovaries of dairy cows (n=128) on day 0 of the induced cycle detected by step activity sensors showed a significant structural polymorphism of these organs of the reproductive system. It was found: from 66.67% to 30.77% of cows with a physiological course of the follicular phase of the cycle, i.e., on day 0, a preovulatory follicle or the beginning of ovulation on the ovaries (subject to a decrease in the number of cows suitable for insemination with increasing lactation duration from 50-75 days to 211-306 days (P<0.001). Hypogonadism was diagnosed in 19.45% of cows, and in 61.11% – ovarian dysfunctions with the manifestation of cystic follicular degeneration; 19.44% of cows at the time of the study had irreversible chronic adhesive processes of the genital tract tissues in the “ovary+oviduct” area (ovophoritis and ovosalpingitis in latent form), which allowed for pregnancy to occur, with a pronounced tendency to increase this gonadopathy with an increase in lactation (respectively: 50-75 days – 0.00%; 76-160 days – 22.22%; 161-210 days – 22.22%; 211 and more – 33.33%; p<0.05). The trend of influence of subclinical disorders in the metabolism of cows of the experimental herd on the indicators of the biochemical composition of blood serum and the symptom of ovarian dysfunctions was investigated. Thus, the in vivo morphological and pathological profile of the ovaries of high-yielding cows on day 0 of the sexual cycle was established, which allowed optimising the artificial insemination regime and reduce economically nonprofitless sperm consumption. The results can be used in the practical work of veterinary medicine doctors, researchers, and applicants for higher education in veterinary and biological science

Intraventricular Neurocysticercosis: Comparative Analysis of Different Localizations. Clinical Course and Treatment. A Systematic Review.

Background Neurocysticercosis is significant due to its high prevalence and considerable morbidity and mortality. The intraventricular form of NCC is less common than parenchymal, may have a rapidly progressive course and it requires a corresponding therapeutic response. Despite the extensive literature dealing with NCC and intraventricular cystic lesions, no systematic reviews have addressed similar work related to the clinical course and treatment of the infestation. Our main objective was to analyze the clinical type of the disease and the management for each ventricle separately on the basis of case reports or series of patients with individual data on the course of the disease and its treatment. As a control group, we used data on signs&symptoms and treatment of patients from published series on intraventricular neurocysticercosis. Method We performed a search in the Medline database. Google Scholar was also randomly searched. We extracted the following data from the eligible case/series: age and gender, symptoms, clinical signs, diagnostic examinations and findings, localization, treatment, follow-up period, outcome, and publication year. All data are presented in the form of absolute and relative numbers. The frequency of signs and symptoms, treatment and outcomes of the observed groups were checked by the Chi-square test and Fisher's test. The hypothesis was tested with p <0.05 as statistical significance. Results We selected 160 cases of intraventricular neurocysticercosis (IVNCC) and divided them according to their localization into five categories. Hydrocephalus was recognized in 134 cases (83.4%). Patients with isolated IVNCCare are younger (P=.0264) and have a higher percentage of vesicular cysts (p <.00001). In mixed IVNCC, degenerative and multiple confluent cysts predominate (p = 0.00068). Individuals carrying fourth + third ventricular cysts (potentially obstructive form) are younger than individuals with lateral ventricles (potentially less obstructive forme) (p = .0083). The majority of patients had individual symptoms for a longer period before the acute onset of the disease (p <.00001). The predominant clinical manifestation is headache (88.7%); the proportion within the groups ranged from 100% to 75% without statistical significance (p.074214). The same was true for patients with symptoms of vomiting or nausea, who had a lower and roughly balanced percentage of 67.7% to 44.4% (p.34702). Altered level of consciousness (ranging from 21% to 60%) and focal neurological deficit (from 51.2% to 15%) are the only clinical category with statistical significance (p <0.001 and p.023948 ). Other signs and symptoms were less frequent and statistically irrelevant. Surgical resection of the parasite was the predominant type of treatment, varying from 55.5% to 87.5% (p- .02395); endoscopy (48.2%) and craniotomy (24.4%), each individually, showed statistical significance (.00001 and .000073, respectively). The difference was also relevant among patients who had CSF diversion performance with/without medical treatment (p-.002312. Postoperatively, 31.8% of patients received anthelmintics with/without anti-inflammatory or other drugs. Endoscopy, open surgery, and postoperative antiparasitic therapy showed statistical differences (p < 0.001). Favorable outcomes or regression of symptoms were recorded in 83.7%, mortality 7.5%. In the case series, the clinical signs&symptoms were as follows: headache-64%, nausea and vomiting 48.4%, focal neurological deficit 33.6% and altered level of consciousness 25%. Open surgery was the predominant form of intervention (craniotomy (57.6% or endoscopy 31.8%); with statistical significance between them (p< .00001). Conclusion. Ventricular neurocysticercosis is an alarming clinical condition. Hydrocephalus is the dominant diagnostic sign. Isolated IVNCC patients were recognized at a younger age than Mix.IVNCC individuals; poeple with cysts in the fourth and third ventricles (as a potentially more occlusive type of disease), presented their symptoms at a younger age than individuals with LVNCC. The majority of patients had long-term signs and symptoms before the acute onset of the disease. Headache, nausea& vomiting are the most common symptoms of infestation accompanied by altered sensorium and focal neurological deficits. Surgery is the best treatment option. A sudden increase in ICP due to cerebrospinal fluid obstruction with a successive cerebral hernia is the leading cause of fatal outcomes.

Rare Case of Vulvar Fibroid with Cystic Degeneration Mimicking Bartholin Cyst

Vulvar swelling is a common condition in the reproductive age group of women. The most common vulvar swelling is a Bartholin cyst or abscess, which is unilateral. The rarest presentation of vulvar swelling is Leiomyoma, which is like a Bartholin cyst. The common symptom of vulvar Leiomyoma is discomfort during walking, voiding, or coitus, otherwise asymptomatic. Here we present a rare case of vulvar fibroid mimicking a Bartholin cyst as the patient presented with swelling in the vulva, which was gradual in onset and associated with pain. Following which patient was investigated further and managed with surgical excision and marsupialization. Therefore, we should also rule out the rarest form of any condition. Here, we provisionally diagnosed a vulvar leiomyoma as a Bartholin cyst, which was confirmed by Histopathology of excised specimen.

Cystic lesions in the salivary gland. Pitfalls to be avoided on cytology.

Cystic lesions of the salivary glands are very uncommon entities. However, on occasion, some neoplasms of the salivary glands show a cystic component, which may be predominant or only partially cystic. Basal cell adenoma, canalicular adenoma, oncocytoma, sebaceous adenoma, intraductal papilloma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, intraductal carcinoma, and secretory carcinoma are such cystic entities. Cystic degeneration and necrosis, which can develop within solid tumours, represent another possibility. The ability to recognise this type of lesion is a challenge in diagnostic cytology because hypocellular fluid is frequently recovered. Furthermore, evaluating all of the differential diagnoses for cystic lesions of the salivary glands is helpful in obtaining the correct diagnosis. Herein, we evaluate the various types of cystic lesions within the salivary glands.

(032) A Large Retroperitoneal Schwannoma Masquerading as Genito-Urinary Syndrome of Menopause

Abstract Introduction Retroperitoneal schwannomas are extremely rare, slow growing, benign, neurogenic tumors. Their diagnosis is challenging and often incidentally found upon evaluation of vague symptoms. Extrinsic compression to nearby organs or nerves may cause pain and paresthesia. Vulvar pain as a presenting symptom of a retroperitoneal schwannoma is reported in the literature in a case with pudendal nerve involvement. Here we present a case report of a patient who presented with vulvar burning and lower urinary tract irritative symptoms which was found to have a large infra-hepatic retroperitoneal schwannoma. Objectives In this report we show case how performing a detailed neurological evaluation and having a good understanding of the vulvar, perineal, and lower extremity dermatomal innervation have assisted in early diagnosis and treatment of a large retroperitoneal schwannoma. Methods A 65-year-old menopausal woman presented to her primary provider for a 3-month-history of worsening vulvar burning sensation associated with urinary burning, frequency, and nocturia. The pain is worse at night and when sitting for more than an hour. The patient endorsed low back pain that radiated like pins down her anterior thighs. The patient underwent evaluation by her referring provider to rule out a urinary tract infections and vaginitis. She was treated with vaginal estrogen tablets with partial relief for a working diagnosis of Urogenital Syndrome of Menopause. Patient was then referred to Gynecology due to inadequate relief. A detailed pelvic examination revealed normal labia majora and minora with no erythema or swelling. The Vestibule, Bartholin and Skene glands were non tender. Q-tip testing provoked burning sensation in the left and right labia minora on the medial and lateral aspect as well as the labia majora. Pelvic Floor evaluation elicited left pelvic floor tenderness and bilateral ischial spine pain concerning for Pudendal neuralgia. Also, noted paresthesia overlying the left lower extremity at the L3 and L4 distribution at the medial thigh (Figure-1) The patient underwent a bilateral pudendal block with total resolution of her vulvar pain for 24 hours and hence, lumbar and pelvic nerve entrapment was suspected. Magnetic Resonance Imaging was requested. Evaluation revealed a 3.3x4.4cm left ovarian mass and uterine fibroids that could potentially explain L2-L5 radiculopathy. The Lumbar MRI noted a cystic mass in the right mid abdomen for which further evaluation with CT scan was recommended. (Image-1). Referral to Surgical Oncology and Gyn oncology was sought. Epithelial ovarian cancer tumor markers were normal. Catecholamine studies were nonrevealing except for unexplained increase in dopamine levels. Results Surgical excision of the retroperitoneal and ovarian tumor revealed a left ovarian Fibroma and Schwannoma with Cystic Degeneration, confirmed with Immuno-peroxidase studies for S100 and SOX10. The patient had an uncomplicated post-operative course and remains asymptomatic with total resolution of her urinary and vulvar burning symptoms. Conclusions This a case report of vulvar and urethral paresthesia caused by an exceedingly rare tumor located high in the retroperitoneum. Diagnosis was aided by detailed history, comprehensive gynecological, and neurodermatomal evaluation. Appropriate imaging and timely referral led to early diagnosis and treatment, resulting in symptom resolution. Disclosure No.

Application of Exogenous GnRH in Food Animal Production.

Over several decades, exogenous GnRH and agonists have been employed for controlling reproductive cascades in animals, and treating some reproductive morbidities. The administration of GnRH is used in animals to counter ovarian dysfunction, induce ovulation, and to increase conception and pregnancy rates. GnRH and its agonists are used in the treatment of cystic ovarian degeneration and repeat breeder syndrome. The development of protocols for GnRH administration by intramuscular injection, intramuscular or subcutaneous implants, and intravaginal deposition has empowered their clinical use worldwide. Currently, exogenous GnRH products are a central part of several pre- and post-breeding programs for the enhancement of fertility, including the control of estrous cycles and timing of ovulation, development of fixed-time artificial insemination protocols, improved embryo survival, and the treatment of reproductive morbidity. The aim of the present review is to summarize the application of exogenous GnRH agonists in food animal production.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Exosomes Therapy in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis from 2012 to 2022.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common clinical disease characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage, subchondral ossification, cystic degeneration and osteophyte formation. Recently, more and more scholars draw attention to exosomes in the field of OA, and exciting breakthroughs have been achieved in recent years. However, bibliometric analysis of the literature in this research field is lacking. Considering its potential in treatment of OA, this article aimed to analyze the research status and identify future hotspots of exosomes in osteoarthritis in recent 10 years by bibliometrics tools. Relevant publications in this field from 2012 to 2022 was retrieved from the Web of Science core collection database (WOSSCC). And we used Vosviewers, CiteSpace, an online analysis platform and the R package "Bibliometrix" for bibliometric analysis. A total of 484 publications (including 319 articles and 165 reviews) from 51 countries, 720 institutions, were included in this study. IRCCS Ist Ortoped Galeazzi, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Sun Yat-sen University are the leading research institutions in this field. International Journal of Molecular Sciences contributed the largest number of articles, and Osteoarthritis and Cartilage is the most co-cited journal. Of the 2664 scholars who participated in the study, Ragni E, De Girolamo L, Orfei CP, and Colombini A had the largest number of articles. Zhang, SP is the most co-cited author. "Mesenchymal stem cell", "biomaterials", "Inflammation" and "regenerative medicine" are the keywords in the research. This is the first bibliometric analysis of exosomes in osteoarthritis. We explored current research status in recent years and identified frontiers and hot spots in this research field. We highlight the significant roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) in the treatment of osteoarthritis, and identified exosomal biomaterials as frontier in this research domain, which can provide reference for the researchers who focus on this research field.

Giant Cell Tumors With HMGA2::NCOR2 Fusion : Clinicopathologic, Molecular, and Epigenetic Study of a Distinct Entity.

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) with high mobility group AT-Hook 2 ( HMGA2 )::nuclear receptor corepressor 2 ( NCOR2 ) fusion are rare mesenchymal tumors of controversial nosology, which have been anecdotally reported to respond to CSFR1 inhibitors. Here, we performed a comprehensive study of 6 GCTs with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion and explored their relationship with other giant cell-rich neoplasms. Tumors occurred in 4 females and 2 males ranging in age from 17 to 32 years old (median 24). Three lesions originated in subcutaneous soft tissue and 3 in bone. Tumor size ranged from 20 to 33mm (median 27mm). The lesions had a nodular/multinodular architecture and were composed of sheets of mononuclear "histiocytoid" cells with uniform nuclei intermingled with multinucleated giant cells. Mitotic activity was low and nuclear atypia and metaplastic bone were absent. Variable findings included necrosis, cystic degeneration, lymphocytic infiltrate (sometimes forming nodules), and xanthogranulomatous inflammation. On immunohistochemistry, all cases focally expressed pan-keratin and were negative with SATB2 and H3.3G34W. Whole RNA-sequencing was performed in all cases of GCT with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion and a subset of giant cell-rich tumors (tenosynovial-GCT, n = 19 and "wild-type" GCT of soft tissue, n = 9). Hierarchical clustering of RNA-sequencing data showed that GCT with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion formed a single cluster, independent of the other 2 entities. Methylome profiling showed similar results, but the distinction from "wild-type" GCT of soft tissue was less flagrant. Gene expression analysis showed similar levels of expression of the CSF1/CSFR1 axis between GCT with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion and tenosynovial-GCT, supporting their potential sensitivity to CSFR1 inhibitors. Clinical follow-up was available for 5 patients (range: 10 to 64mo; median 32mo). Three patients (60%) experienced local recurrences, whereas none had distant metastases or died of disease. Overall, our study confirms and expands previous knowledge on GCT with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion and supports its inclusion as an independent entity.

Focal lesions following intracerebral gene therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPSIIIA) caused by recessive SGSH variants results in sulfamidase deficiency, leading to neurocognitive decline and death. No disease-modifying therapy is available. The AAVance gene therapy trial investigates AAVrh.10 overexpressing human sulfamidase (LYS-SAF302) delivered by intracerebral injection in children with MPSIIIA. Post-treatment MRI monitoring revealed lesions around injection sites. Investigations were initiated in one patient to determine the cause. Clinical and MRI details were reviewed. Stereotactic needle biopsies of a lesion were performed; blood and CSF were sampled. All samples were used for viral studies. Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and transcriptome analysis were performed on brain tissue of the patient and various controls. MRI revealed focal lesions around injection sites with onset from 3 months after therapy, progression until 7 months post therapy with subsequent stabilization and some regression. The patient had transient slight neurological signs and is following near-normal development. No evidence of viral or immunological/inflammatory cause was found. Immunohistochemistry showed immature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, oligodendrocyte apoptosis, strong intracellular and extracellular sulfamidase expression and hardly detectable intracellular or extracellular heparan sulfate. No activation of the unfolded protein response was found. Results suggest that intracerebral gene therapy with local sulfamidase overexpression leads to dysfunction of transduced cells close to injection sites, with extracellular spilling of lysosomal enzymes. This alters extracellular matrix composition, depletes heparan sulfate, impairs astrocyte and oligodendrocyte function, and causes cystic white matter degeneration at the site of highest gene expression. The AAVance trial results will reveal the potential benefit-risk ratio of this therapy.

Morphological Features of the Ascending Aorta Remodeling and Activation of Regeneratory Potential in Intima when Forming Aneurysm.

In patients with an ascending aorta aneurysm, restructuring of all its layers and, first of all, the intima and media was revealed. The thickness of the intima was 79.3±63.1 μm in patients with aortic diameter <55 mm (group Ao<55) and 162.7±177.4 μm (p<0.05) in patients with aortic diameter ⩾55 mm (Ao⩾55 group), the thickness of the aortic media was 1184.0±198.2 and 1144.3±288.4 μm, respectively. In patients of the Ao<55 group, aortic dilatation was accompanied by compensatory thickening of the inner and middle layers of the aorta. In the Ao⩾55 group, thinning of the aortic media, fragmentation of elastic fibers, and its cystic degeneration were revealed. c-kit+ Stem cells were detected in the subendothelium of the thickened intima of the dilated ascending aorta. The appearance of c-kit+ cells correlated with intimal remodeling and its colonization with CD34+ and CD44+ myofibroblast-like cells.

Cellular leiomyoma of the broad ligament masquerading an ovarian malignancy

Leiomyoma of the uterus is a common mesenchymal tumor of the female pelvis. Broad ligament leiomyoma is a relatively uncommon neoplasm comprising &lt;1% of cases of leiomyoma . We present a case of a huge cellular broad ligament leiomyoma with cystic, myxoid, and hyaline degeneration clinically presenting as an ovarian tumor. Broad ligament leiomyoma is asymptomatic, but if neglected for a long time and it reaches an enormous size, it may result in chronic pelvic pain, compression of the bladder neck, and may even cause bowel dysfunction. They can sometimes clinically and radiologically mimic ovarian neoplasm. Therefore, histopathology plays a pivotal role in the definitive diagnosis. The diagnostic dilemma arises especially when leiomyomas undergo various degenerations. This case is being presented not just because of its rarity and the diagnostic dilemma it causes but to highlight the role of frozen section and histopathology in confirming the diagnosis.

Rare recurrence of a multilocular cystic leiomyoma following myomectomy.

Multilocular cystic leiomyomas rarely develop following myomectomy. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published reports on recurrent multilocular cystic leiomyoma following myomectomy. We here present such a case. A 45-year-old woman visited our outpatient clinic because of heavy vaginal bleeding. She underwent laparoscopic myomectomy for a solid mass in the uterine cavity. Subsequent pathological examination of the operative specimen revealed a tumour with well-demarcated borders and spindle cells arranged in intersecting fascicles. Seven days postoperatively, ultrasonography revealed a cystic lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging performed 28 months postoperatively revealed a large, well-defined, multilocular cystic mass that was homogeneously hyperintense on T2-weighted images on the exterior of the uterus. Abdominal hysterectomy was performed. On pathological examination of the operative specimen, she was found to have a leiomyoma with marked cystic degeneration. Incomplete excision of a multilocular cystic leiomyoma may result in recurrence in the form of a large cystic mass. Clinical differentiation between a multilocular cystic leiomyoma and an ovarian tumour may be difficult. Complete resection of a uterine multilocular cystic lesion prevents recurrence.

Dual-phase contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography scans play a key role in the diagnosis of abdominal wall desmoid-type fibromatoses.

Abdominal wall desmoid-type fibromatoses (AWDF) are occasionally encountered in clinical work, but related CT reports are rare, and most cases were misdiagnosed as malignant tumors. We aimed to determine the diagnostic value of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in relation to the clinical diagnosis of AWDF. The medical records of 14 patients whose pathology results provided initial confirmation of AWDF were reviewed, and data describing their clinical characteristics, tumors' MSCT characteristics, and the condition of the surrounding tissues were analyzed and summarized retrospectively. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities were evaluated. AWDF tended to occur in women of childbearing age (24-32 years). They occurred more frequently during the first year following pregnancy. The mean disease duration was 5.64 ± 3.78 months. All isolated tumors were growing along the musculoaponeurotic layer, and their maximum diameters were between 32 and 76 mm. Tumors' capsules were incomplete, and although the tumors infiltrated the surrounding muscles, the surrounding fat tissue and vessels were not infiltrated. None of the patients' tumors showed cystic degeneration, calcification, necrosis, or peritumoral edema. The tumors had slightly lower densities on the pre-contrast enhancement scans and mild-to-moderate enhancement after contrast enhancement. All tumors contained ribbon-like structures, and approximately 65% of the tumors encircled vascular structures. Dual-phase contrast-enhanced MSCT scans were associated with a high level of diagnostic efficacy for AWDF. The abdominal wall masses grew along the musculoaponeurotic layer, which, together with the ribbon-like structures within the tumors, should prompt clinicians to consider the presence of AWDF.

Giant cystic degeneration of a pterygium

Giant cystic degeneration of a pterygium

AMELOBLASTOMA OF MANDIBLE: A SERIES OF SIX CASES AND REVIEW

Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumor with unlimited growth potential. The most common site of occurrence is mandible. Histological presentation comprises of tall columnar ameloblast like cells with central stellate reticulum showing either cystic degeneration or squamous metaplasia or cells containing granules etc. radiologically they appear as unilocular or multilocular radiolucency sometimes associated with an unerupted tooth. Here we present six cases of ameloblastoma of different histopathological variant with a short review of literature

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is involved in pulmonary tissue. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of the pulmonary complications caused by pSS. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for pSS complicated with PAH. We retrospectively analyzed 165 patients in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. They were divided into a pSS-PAH group (n=86) and a pSS group (n=79) according to pulmonary artery pressure detected by color doppler echocardiography. The clinical characteristics, laboratory test indexes, and risk factors were compared between the 2 groups. Among 165 patients with pSS, 86 patients (52.12%) had PAH. Females were 79 (91.90%) patients in the pSS-PAH group, more than males. The patients in the pSS-PAH group were older than those in the pSS group (all P<0.05). The incidence of keratoconjunctivitis, alopecia, Raynaud's phenomenon, cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and dry skin was higher (all P<0.05), and the incidence of pulmonary infection, pulmonary cystic degeneration, respiratory failure, osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension were higher in the pSS-PAH group than those in the pSS group (all P<0.05). The laboratory indicators of pulmonary artery diameter, right atrium diameter, right ventricular contractile diameter and pulmonary artery systolic pressure were higher in the pSS-PAH group than those in the pSS group (all P<0.05), and the positive rates of anti-nuclear antibody, anti-SSA antibody, and anti-Ro-52 antibody were higher (all P<0.05). The incidence of restrictive ventilatory dysfunction and decreased lung diffusion volume in the pSS-PAH group was higher than that in the pSS group (both P<0.05). Advanced age (OR=1.094, 95% CI 1.053 to 1.137, P<0.001), concomitant keratoconjunctivitis (OR=2.075, 95% CI 1.054 to 4.088, P=0.035), hair loss (OR=2.655, 95% CI 1.368 to 5.152, P=0.004), dry skin (OR=2.696, 95% CI 1.364 to 5.332, P=0.004), high pulmonary artery systolic pressure (OR=1.185, 95% CI 1.125 to 1.248, P<0.001), respiratory failure (OR=2.279, 95% CI 1.137 to 4.570, P=0.020), osteoporosis (OR=2.087, 95% CI 1.025 to 4.248, P=0.043), atherosclerosis (OR=2.251, 95% CI 1.146 to 4.423, P=0.018), hypertension (OR=2.370, 95% CI 1.190 to 4.718, P=0.014), the increased antinuclear antibody (OR=2.155, 95% CI 1.094 to 4.245, P=0.026), the increased anti-SSA antibody (OR=2.565, 95% CI 1.292 to 5.091, P=0.007), the increased anti-RO-52 antibody (OR=2.623, 95% CI 1.278 to 5.383, P=0.009), and the decreased lung dispersion (OR=2.602, 95% CI 1.386 to 4.884, P=0.003), were all risk factors for PAH in pSS patients. The incidence of pSS-PAH is high in this study. The advanced age, elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, concomitant keratoconjunctivitis, alopecia, dry skin, respiratory failure, osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension, increased anti-nuclear antibody, anti-SSA antibody, and anti-Ro-52 antibody, and decreased pulmonary dispersion suggest that the risk of PAH is significantly increased in patients with pSS.