Definition Of Resilience Research Articles

Review of Resilience Evaluation Methods in Operational Highway Tunnel

The research on tunnel resilience has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Owing to prolonged exposure to natural or anthropogenic factors, the resilience level of many highway tunnels is continuously declining, rendering them susceptible to sudden accidents and challenging to restore postincident. Currently, although several scholars have employed diverse evaluation methods in their research on tunnel resilience, there is a lack of summarization and integration of these methods. In addition, there is also a dearth of a unified evaluation index system and framework for different types of natural or man‐made disasters, which are crucial for advancing the development of tunnel resilience evaluation. This study commences with an introduction to the origin of resilience and the definition of tunnel resilience, and comprehensively summarizes commonly employed evaluation methods. Subsequently, this study centers on the resilience evaluation methods in tunnel engineering and analyzes their strengths and weaknesses. Besides, the distribution of resilience metrics in current researches is analyzed and the detailed explanations for the diverse choices are provided. According to the results and deficiencies of existing research, combined with the author’s perspectives, the index systems, evaluation frameworks, and resilience improvement strategies are proposed, which can be applied to the resilience evaluation of various operational highway tunnels under diverse disaster scenarios. Furthermore, this study also presents a case study on the evaluation of tunnel fire resilience to validate the applicability of the research findings. These findings aim to provide a guide for the operation and maintenance management of the operating tunnels and improve the scientific decision‐making level of tunnel maintenance.

Определение параметров агент-ориентированной модели резильентного управления промышленностью России

The purpose of the work is to establish the parameters of an agent-based model of the industrial complex of the Russian Federation for resilient management of its functioning. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were completed. A theoretical basis for the main provisions of the study is given. The author's definition of industry resilience is proposed. Analyzed crisis periods in the development of the Russian economy (1998, 2008, 2014-15, 2020, 2022) and the features of industrial development during these periods were clarified. The stages of crisis periods in the development of Russian industry over the past decades have been identified. The parameters of the industrial system that respond to shock fluctuations of crises and control indicators have been established. A spectral analysis was performed to assess the adequacy of the response of the phase vector parameters to shock fluctuations of crisis phenomena. Regression equations were constructed to identify the parameters of the model of resilient industrial management in Russia. The quality of the equations was assessed. The possibility of their use for estimating control system parameters and making forecasts is substantiated. The resulting statistical models can be used to build an agent-oriented model of the Russian industrial resilient management.

Urban resilience: Definitions, understanding and conceptualization

Sustainability and resilience are the two main paradigms of planning and policy making in the past decades. Fostering resilience in the face of environmental, socio-economic and political uncertainty and risk has captured the attention of academics and decision makers across disciplines, sectors and spatial scales. Urban resilience has become an important goal for cities, especially from the point of view of adapting to climate change and reducing their ecological footprint. Urban resilience is conventionally defined as the measurable ability of any urban system, with its inhabitants, to maintain continuity through all shocks and stresses while positively adapting and transforming towards sustainability. However, in theory and practice there are different definitions that are often in conflict. This paper first provides an overview of existing definitions of urban resilience and highlights their main determinants. Then, the paper discusses definitions from the perspective of ways of incorporating key concepts found both in resilience theory and urban theory. In the following, similarities and mutual tensions are recognized between the key concepts. Finally, the paper concludes that a clearer conceptualization is needed to improve this developing field and create conditions for its further operationalization.

'Not a panacea' - Expert perspectives on the concept of resilience and its potential for palliative care.

Resilience is an increasingly used term in medicine and subject to various definitions, often not easy to grasp. There are established core concepts for patients receiving palliative care, for example, meaning in life, that have already been researched a lot. Resilience, relative to these concepts, is a new object of research in palliative care, where it has so far been used predominantly with regard to the well-being of teams. To explore how experts in palliative care define the concept of resilience and its suitability for patients, significant others, and professionals. Qualitative study using summarizing content analysis according to Mayring. Twenty-one health and social care professionals with expertise caring for persons with life-threatening/limiting illnesses and their relatives were interviewed in three individual interviews and four focus groups. All conversations were recorded, transcribed, coded via MAXQDA, and validated by another researcher. Resilience has been described as something procedural, dynamic, individual, and flexible. In connection with well-known concepts such as posttraumatic growth or terms from the field of mindfulness, social environment or personal factors have also been linked to resilience. Resources such as spirituality can contribute to resilience, and resilience itself can function as a resource, for example, by contributing to quality of life. An active use of the term in practical work with patients or relatives is rare, but it is used in education or team measures. Limited lifespan can pose a challenge to an active use of the concept of resilience. Resilience as a very individual approach provides added value to other core concepts of palliative care. Within the palliative context, the normative dimension of resilience must be well reflected. A broader definition of resilience is recommended, leaving room for everyone to find their own form of resilience. The concept of resilience in palliative care includes opportunities as well as risks and should, therefore, be implemented carefully, requiring specific training.

Strengthening European Energy Security and Resilience through Minerals

While energy security has always been a concern for the European Union (EU), the Covid-19 Pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war have led to a greater emphasis on fostering energy resilience. Traditionally, resilience has been seen in the context of import dependence on oil and gas. However, the EU’s commitment to decarbonization requires attention to other energy sources, and the entire supply chain of such clean energy technologies. EU’s Energy Transition has a prominent role for solar photovoltaics, wind energy, grid-based storage, and electric mobility. All of these energy technologies depend on a secure and reliable access to affordable critical raw materials (CRM). Non-fuel minerals like lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper, and graphite are at the core of decarbonization of the EU’s energy sector. The European Commission has been focusing on CRM for a few years now and has recently released a Proposal for Establishing a Framework for CRM security. This article studies the EU’s approach to CRM, especially in light of the recent Proposal for a Regulation establishing a framework for ensuring a secure and sustainable supply of CRMs by adopting a more contemporary and broader definition of resilience which balances recovery or bouncing back with adaptability or bouncing forward. Critical Minerals, Energy Transition, Critical Raw Materials, EU, Energy Resilience

Systematic Review: Measurement Methods and Concept of Resilience Among Seafarers.

Shipping is considered a demanding environment that can significantly impact seafarers' well-being and mental health. This review aims to examine existing literature on the resilience of seafarers, with a focus on the measurement methods used. Furthermore, this study intends to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of research in the field of seafarers' resilience, examining the variations in defining and conceptualizing resilience across different studies and contexts. The review identified 99 studies published between 2003 and 2023, with ten studies being included in the final analysis. These studies employed various measurement methods and provided definitions of resilience. Five questionnaires were identified, with the Dispositional Resilience Scale-15 (DRS-15) being the most commonly used. Two of the selected studies had a longitudinal follow-up, while eight were cross-sectional. Four studies related to tankers, and an additional four studies focused on naval vessels, while two studies did not specify the vessel type. The publications were distributed in the period between 2003 and 2013 (two papers) and between 2013 and 2023 (eight papers). The identified themes encompassed shipboard stressors (three papers), sleep problems (two papers), occupational groups or attitudes (two papers), experiences in war (two papers), and intervention measures (one paper), highlighting the multidimensional nature of resilience within the maritime field. This review suggests a research gap, as it reveals that the topic of resilience in seafaring has been sparsely represented. Despite an increasing interest in recent years, research remains limited, particularly in the civilian maritime sector. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of understanding and promoting resilience among seafarers. While the variety of questionnaires used was limited, achieving consensus and standardization in resilience measurement is essential for more comparable and consistent research findings. Recognizing resilience as a crucial resource can promote the development of targeted interventions and support systems, enhancing seafarers' well-being and mental health.

CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF FAMILY RESILIENCE

Family resilience is a dynamic process that helps families to navigate and overcome adversities and crises. The introduction of general systems theory and its application to family therapy further contributed to developing the concept of family resilience. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of family resilience while highlighting some of the challenges in its conceptualization, whose reconsideration might be of broader importance in future research. Starting from the understanding of the development path of the concept of family resilience, this paper provides insight into how to view the key constructs incorporated in the concept of family resilience. Following this, emphasis in this paper is given to the challenges in conceptualizing family resilience. These challenges include definitions of family resilience, central terms used in models, and variations in the operationalization and measurement of key constructs. The models of family resilience presented in the paper are the ones considered influential in contemporary family studies. They provide frameworks for understanding the processes and cycles involved in family adjustment, adaptation, and response to stress and crisis. The conceptual review offered by this paper could contribute to conducting further research on family resilience.

Towards a Holistic Definition of Post-pandemic Resilience: The Pacific Context

AbstractPost-pandemic resilience in the Pacific region presents some unique, context-specific, economic, social, environmental, and political challenges as well as opportunities. This study aims at developing a holistic definition of post-pandemic resilience in the Pacific context, based on the interconnected aspects and factors that contribute. As there is a gap in the literature for a holistic definition of post-pandemic resilience based on empirical studies from the Pacific Island countries, this study tries to plug that gap. Using a qualitative systems thinking approach, data was collected from primary and secondary sources including semi-structured interviews with ten senior leaders in the Pacific. This study first captures the multiple levels and different interconnected aspects of post-pandemic resilience in the Pacific and then presents a holistic definition. An analysis of the different papers published in this special issue based on this holistic definition and their contexts is also provided in this article. Overall, this study contributes to the literature and practice on post-pandemic resilience by developing a holistic definition using an empirical study based in the Pacific.

Resilience in virtual education: Designing and validating a scale in higher education

Abstract Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) equips learners in all settings with the knowledge, skills, attributes, and visions essential for coping with the diverse challenges they will encounter in their educational endeavors. The emergence of COVID-19 influenced different aspects of human life including education. Thanks to technology, especially ICT, Virtual Education (VE) provides the opportunity to continue education in such crises. Amidst this pandemic, many students, especially university students, encountered various challenges and impediments that resulted from VE. One of the factors which can affect VE is learners’ resilience. Therefore, it is of high importance to measure university students’ Resilience in Virtual Education (RVE) to recognize the advantages and disadvantages of this type of education and support ESD. The main purpose of this study is to design and validate a comprehensive instrument for measuring university students’ RVE. Furthermore, to confirm the validity and reliability of the instrument, its nexus with a closely related construct, i.e., second language (L2) buoyancy was explored. To measure students’ RVE, a new scale (RVE Scale), comprising 33 items, was designed. It was designed based on the operational definition of academic resilience and was adapted to accommodate the requirements of VE. It measures six aspects of learners’ resilience: emotional, motivational, cognitive, metacognitive, persistence, and sociability. To measure L2 buoyancy, a relevant scale designed by Jahedizadeh et al. (2019) was utilized. It consists of 27 items with four factors; the factors include sustainability, regularity adaptation, positive personal eligibility, and positive acceptance of academic life. A total of 412 university students participated in the present research. The results obtained via Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) substantiated the validity of the newly designed scale and all the factors and items. The results attested to the criterion-related validity of the scale.

Redefining the organizational resilience construct using a frame based methodology: A new perspective from the ecology based approach

While scholars have been elaborating on the nature and scope of the resilience for some time, the contemporary era of monumental disruptions have elevated this topic to the top of scholarly and practical attention. Yet, there is much confusion and ambiguity about how it should be defined and measured. In addition, definitions of resilience appear to vary greatly across disciplines. Given these shortcomings, this study first presents a framing of resilience definition using categorization of attributes under process, structure and strategic move/action, emanating from cross-disciplinary foundation. Second, the study offers conjectures and propositions for multinational enterprises (MNEs) under process, structure and strategic move/action drawing ideas from social, mechanical, and ecological literature regarding this construct. Third, we present a new frame-based methodological approach in presenting the attributes and subordinate concepts of resilience.

The process and indicators of resilience among nursing students in clinical practicum in Taiwan: A qualitative study

Resilience is essential for managing stress and maintaining equilibrium. During the clinical practicum, nursing students may experience tremendous physical and mental stress, and these negative experiences are considered a source of resilience for students. However, no universal definition of resilience among nursing students exists in the literature, occasioning the need to define the processes and indicators of resilience. This study aims to explore the resilience process and indicators among nursing students in clinical practicum in Taiwan. Participants: Fifteen fifth-year junior college nursing students in Northeastern Taiwan who had completed the clinical practicum were interviewed, including 12 females and three males. All participants were aged 20.3±0.61 years and all participants had clinical practicum experiences over four months. A qualitative descriptive study, using purposive and snowball sampling methods, was conducted to collect the experience of the nursing students in their internship. Data were collected using a semi-structured guide and deep interviews, and analyzed through the content analysis method by Waltz, Strickland, & Lenz (2010). Based on the participants' practical experiences during their clinical practicum, three main themes and nine indicators were identified. The resilience of nursing students is considered a process. The main themes are (1) uncontrolled clinical practical stress, (2) Maintain learning-life balance, (3) Positive attitude toward nursing. Resilience is a critical factor to stabilize nursing students and enable them to recover from adversity. Both positive and negative experiences significantly impacted the students' attitudes and confidence levels during the clinical practicum. The findings will provide faculty to adapt their teaching method to various situations of nursing students.

Adult Mental Health, Substance Use Disorders, and Functional Outcomes of Children Resilient to Early Adversity.

Some children are unaffected by mental illness despite exposure to childhood adversity. These children are typically considered resilient. The objective of this study was to follow up such resilient children in adulthood to characterize mental health status, substance use, and functional outcomes. The analysis was based on the prospective, representative Great Smoky Mountains Study (N=1,420). Participants were assessed for psychiatric disorders and exposure to adversity with the structured Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment interview up to eight times in childhood (ages 9-16; 6,674 observations). In total, 1,266 participants (86.3%) were followed up in adulthood at ages 25 and 30 to assess psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and functional outcomes. Seventy-five percent of the sample had met criteria for a psychiatric disorder or displayed subthreshold psychiatric problems by age 16. The number of adverse childhood experiences was strongly associated with childhood psychiatric status. Of children exposed to multiple adversities (N=650), 12.2% (N=63) did not display psychiatric problems. This group meets common definitions of childhood resilience. In adulthood, these individuals showing childhood resilience had greater risk of anxiety (risk ratio=2.9, 95% CI=1.0-9.1) and depressive (risk ratio=4.5, 95% CI=1.1-16.7) disorders, as well as worse physical health (means ratio=0.7, 95% CI=0.5-0.9) and financial or educational functioning (means ratio=0.6, 95% CI=0.5-0.7), compared with individuals exposed to fewer childhood adversities. These individuals showing childhood resilience did not have elevated risk for substance use disorders. Resilience to childhood adversity was uncommon. Individuals who appeared resilient in childhood were at risk for delayed poorer outcomes in adulthood. Public health efforts should prioritize minimizing early adversity exposure over promoting resilience.

Emerging Artist Resilience Needs: Transitional Education for a Post-COVID Creative Sector

This study investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on recent arts graduates from three universities in the United States. We present evidence of shifting definitions of adaptability, resilience, transformation, excellence, and success in arts training. Based on surveys and interviews, it reinforces findings from the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project (SNAAP). The of experiences of recent arts and arts administration graduates affirms some current pedagogies and suggests others. We synthesize these findings to amplify some models, propose new ones, rebalance traditional outcomes toward a social mission, and consider the need for an expanded notion of excellence in the arts.

Towards resilience effectiveness: Assessing its patterns and determinants to identify optimal geographic zones

Resilience has a critical role to promote human well-being in turbulent environments. However, extensive interventions and stimulus measures not only achieve resilience goals with numerous unacceptable consequences, but also highlight the narrow definition of resilience. The study proposes the concept of resilience effectiveness to constrain the unsustainability of resilience in concept and practice. The resilience effectiveness of Chinese cities in the early stages of the pandemic is first implemented for evaluation based on input-output relationship, and then patterns and determinants are investigated using the GIS methods and the geographically optimal zones-based heterogeneity (GOZH) model. The study finds that the average resilience effectiveness is not high, indicating that China's strong resilience is the loss of safety, greenness, inclusiveness, and efficiency in the early stage of the pandemic. Resilience effectiveness has significant spatial heterogeneity and is dominated by innovation ability. The optimal geographic zones of Chinese cities for resilience effectiveness are identified, revealing that it is a complex and multifactorial process. This paper broadens resilience research and provides implications for city planning in the post-pandemic era.

Development of an industrially applicable model for the qualitative resilience assessment of process systems at the early design stage

Traditional design methodologies do not effectively extend to consider a resilient system capable of absorbing disruptions and recovering from their consequences. This highlights the need for a practical resilience analysis model which can be used at the design stage. While the concept of resilience is widely discussed, there is currently no agreed-upon methodology to quantify it. From a review of existing works, this paper presents a specific definition of resilience as a process safety concept. A novel model for assessing and scaling process system resilience during the early design stage is proposed in line with this definition. The proposed methodology entails a standardized analysis for measuring and comparing resilience, allowing for the simplified and accessible analysis of resilience across industry. The model combines analyses of resilient design by an index-based quantification, vulnerability to high-impact unexpected events (beyond design basis events), and assesses the potential for severe impacts due to such events. The model facilitates cost-benefit assessments for design improvements towards resilience and presents an effective tool for introducing resilience as a design concept.

Supporting the resilience of healthcare workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: An integrative review

Background: A wide range of evidence has shown that there is a crisis in the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) due to the nature of their work. Resilience has been recognized as an essential component in supporting mental health. No synthesized literature concretely defines the concept of resilience or outlines the factors that affect the resilience of HCWs in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC).Aim: To explore the definition of resilience and to provide a synthesis of the factors that affect the resilience of HCWs in the GCC.Method: Whittemore and Knafl’s framework guided this integrative review. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINHAL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLINE), and Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) were searched systematically for peer-reviewed primary studies published between 2011 and 2022. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of nine articles were included. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the studies. The socio-ecological model was used for data extraction, analysis, and presentation of findings.Results: The definition of resilience varies across the included studies. The factors that affect the resilience of HCWs fall within three main themes: intrapersonal factors (individual characteristics and internal influences), interpersonal factors (teamwork and camaraderie), and organizational factors (work setting, availability of resources, shift length, and leadership style).Conclusions: The resilience of HCWs can be affected by multiple factors. As a result, the interventions targeting the improvement of resilience should be multi-dimensional. Organizational policies should be developed in a way that supports a culture that fosters the resilience of HCWs in the GCC.

Developing Transportation Resilience Adaptively to Climate Change

Although definitions of resilience are wide-ranging, they ultimately aim to preserve functionality and performance during and after anticipated and unanticipated disruptions. Common themes for transportation system resilience include preparedness, robustness, response, and recovery. Adaptation is increasingly considered an important resilience ability for deeply uncertain conditions, and transformation an essential ability for sustainability. This paper discusses three factors that contribute to the development of resilience adaptively: (1) development of adaptive capabilities in an organization and its infrastructure systems to face known and unknown threats; (2) application of dynamic, adaptive, and robustness approaches in deeply uncertain conditions; and (3) mitigation of factors that cause or exacerbate unwanted disruptions to system function and performance—together with risk-based approaches to manage specific threats with well-understood likelihoods and consequences of occurrence. These factors enable an entity to adapt under deeply uncertain conditions—developing resilience as conditions change—and to adapt to curb the causes of disruptions. The benefits of developing resilience adaptively are to: enable the development of both threats-based and opportunities-based resilience; address deep uncertainties where it is impossible to quantify the chances and consequences of disruptions; and transition from merely managing symptoms to addressing the factors that cause, influence, or perpetuate them. These concepts are applied to develop an adaptive resilience improvement process for transportation agencies. This paper is potentially useful to practitioners interested in developing resilience adaptively and to researchers interested in risk-, adaptive and mitigation-based approaches to address known and unknown threats, for short- and long-term resilience gains.

Multidimensional resilience - flood recovery on private land

Flood damages are increasing and thus flood resilience is gaining importance. Various definitions of resilience and the identification of different resilience dimensions have been the focus of past research, but there is a lack of understanding how these dimensions systemically interrelate. Using an exploratory research design, this study examines multidimensional resilience in the context of flood recovery on private land. The results show that physical, social and financial resilience dimensions are part of the recovery process. The dimensions can have conflicting impacts on each other, meaning that a trade-off has to take place between two dimensions. Further, dependencies have been detected, the increase of one resilience dimension depends on others. In the case study there are also projects being implemented that create synergies between different resilience dimensions. This requires coordination between the involved stakeholders. Only limited attention has been put on the interrelations between different resilience dimensions, increased coordination is therefore necessary. Applying a multidimensional resilience understanding allows the inclusion of different perspectives, which helps to reach an understanding on flood resilience of a whole system.

Transformation in substation automation: Cyber-Resilient Digital Substations (CyReDS) in power grids

Abstract The digitalization of substations leads to a high degree of automation, which is referred to as Digital Substations with the use of the IEC 61850. An increase in cybersecurity is necessary, and technically enabled by detection and incident response systems – security-by-design is currently often secondary. The next transformation step of substations is introduced and outlined in this paper as a cyber-resilient digital substation. Based on a state-of-the-art description, this paper presents a definition of cyber resilience for digital substations as a basis for the introduced cyber resilience monitor. The monitor acts as a central instance for recording, assessing and responding to security threats and incidents. Furthermore, the requirements for the system structure of the cyber-resilient digital substation are shown and underpinned with current research approaches.

Disentangling the Relationship between Urban Form and Urban Resilience: A Systematic Literature Review

The concept of resilience was only recently introduced into urban studies to address the complexity and future uncertainty in cities. In particular, the interest in better understanding how it can be integrated into studying urban form—as the raw material of urban planning/design and key for the sustainability of cities—has been growing. However, resilience is a polysemic concept with different meanings/interpretations, which creates ambiguity and challenges in its operationalization. This paper resolves this issue through a systematic review of 106 peer-reviewed publications guided by recurring questions in the literature (e.g., resilience of/through what? To what? For whom? How? When? Where?). The results showed that the urban form–resilience relationship is complex, where many urban form elements can influence resilience to a great many disturbances (general/specified). In facing these disturbances, urban form exhibits different performances (i.e., persistence, adaptability and transformability) and where it can be either persistent/adaptable/transformable itself or can enhance people’s persistence/adaptation capacities. The review also showed that there are many actors for urban form resilience and potential trade-offs. Finally, an overview of existing definitions of urban form resilience is provided to improve clarity in the field, and examples of general urban planning/design recommendations were formulated to enhance the resilience of different urban form elements.