Definition Of Architecture Research Articles

Agile Software Development with Secure and Scrum-Centric Approach

The fulfillment of agile models is crucial for ensuring that a software development project's tasks are completed efficiently and collaboratively. The definitions of the project architecture are usually performed in these models. Factors such as delivery time, cost and maintenance are determined. In traditional methods, project stages are carried out sequentially. After one of the stages is completed, another one is performed. When an innovation or change is attempted at any point in the project, some problems occur. These problems can generally be solved with Scrum agile methods, where communication is highlighted and processes are performed more flexibly. It is an undeniable fact that Scrum and security issues can be brought together when incorporating the Scrum strategy into software development models. In such a case, models are used that allow Security and Scrum to work within a framework. In this study, scientific studies based on scientific evidence aimed at eliminating incompatibilities in software development systematics were analyzed. The distribution of the publication years, the relation of scrum and security, the citation topic, the bibliometric maps and co-citation report are used in these analysis. In the result of these analyses, bibliometric and statistical analysis results of studies in the literature on software development that includes security principles with the Scrum model were revealed. When the results obtained in the experiments were examined, it was concluded that it was possible to develop secure software with an architecture in which Scrum and Security models were used together. During the software development phase, it enables proactive risk management by blending scrum and security elements. It also allows teams to detect security vulnerabilities during the software development phase. These facilitate the creation of a more secure and durable software product.

A step-by-step definition of a reference architecture for cyber ranges

Being on the advent of Industry 5.0, organizations have been progressively incorporating information technology into their formerly air-gapped operational technology architectures. This coalescence has nevertheless amplified the attack surface, ringing the bells of preparedness. In this direction, Cyber Ranges (CRs) have cropped up as a valuable and attractive solution, providing a diverse perspective on reinforcing the overall cybersecurity stance. However, there exists a significant literature gap in attempts to define a complete approach for CR design, development, evaluation, and operation as per the up-to-date guidelines. To address this shortcoming, this work introduces the first to our knowledge overarching, fine-grained reference architecture for CR. This is done by adopting a three-step, systematic methodology. First, we scrutinize contemporary guidelines to extract an abstract architectural model that structurally entrenches the foundations of CR reference architecture. Then, we percolate and pinpoint common functionalities and capabilities of existing CRs, towards delineating the functional and informational aspects of the reference architecture. Finally, we devise an evaluation formula that approximates the conformance of a CR with the state-of-the-art. Through the latter step, we impart a unified means of identifying the most appropriate components to implement the structural, functional, and informational aspects of a CR. Overall, this work can be seen as an attempt towards CR unification and standardization, therefore it is anticipated to serve as a basis and point of reference for multiple stakeholders at varying levels.

Concept of a medical and public health cancer genomics platform

Abstract Background This study aims to produce the concept of an open-access medical and public health cancer genomics platform aimed at aggregating and sharing documentation of ongoing initiatives and data resulting from the CAN.HEAL project, available for EU researchers, healthcare professionals, policy makers, citizens and patients. Methods The context (reference sector, stakeholders and research evidences), feasibility (privacy management and data processing), and platform’s end users were analysed; the CAN.HEAL project deliverables were listed and clustered; aspects related to the definition of the overall platform architecture and modules integration were studied. Results The project deliverables were catalogued into 8 categories which could be the platform’s cloud interface main labels: results from events, policy papers, newsletters, mapping results and reports, datasets, recommendations and guidelines, use cases, courses and training activities. To define the overall system architecture, the following key activities should be implemented: content management system choice, hosting configuration and setup of the development domain, content management system installation, development of HTML web pages, data entry, data visualisation and graphic layout, and test and debug. To the modules integration purposes the following items should be addressed: creation of a server analytics account; social network integration; activation of additional system for sending newsletters. Conclusions Cloud-based data platform allows to securely manage, integrate, analyse and share large datasets. Establishing an infrastructure to help researchers access, store and analyse large amounts of biological data is of paramount importance both to enable advances in research and support health policy making processes. The CAN.HEAL platform could help aligning clinical and population-based interventions for integrating the genome of Europe biobanking initiative into public health genomics for cancer. Key messages • Connecting healthcare data can support the challenge of accessing the relevant information needed for the policy and decision making processes to effectively promote population health and wellbeing. • The set-up of a medical and public health cancer genomics platform promotes the effective translation of genome-based knowledge and technologies into public policy and health services.

Toward a Clinical Decision Support System for Monitoring Therapeutic Antituberculosis Medical Drugs in Tanzania (Project TuberXpert): Protocol for an Algorithm' Development and Implementation.

The end tuberculosis (TB) strategy requires a novel patient treatment approach contrary to the one-size-fits-all model. It is well known that each patient's physiology is different and leads to various rates of drug elimination. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) offers a way to manage drug dosage adaptation but requires trained pharmacologists, which is scarce in resource-limited settings. We will develop an automated clinical decision support system (CDSS) to help practitioners with the dosage adaptation of rifampicin, one of the essential medical drugs targeting TB, that is known for large pharmacokinetic variability and frequent suboptimal blood exposure. Such an advanced system will encourage the spread of a dosage-individualization culture, including among practitioners not specialized in pharmacology. Thus, the objectives of this project are to (1) develop the appropriate population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model for rifampicin for Tanzanian patients, (2) optimize the reporting of relevant information to practitioners for drug dosage adjustment, (3) automate the delivery of the report in line with the measurement of drug concentration, and (4) validate and implement the final system in the field. A total of 3 teams will combine their efforts to deliver the first automated TDM CDSS for TB. A cross-sectional study will be conducted to define the best way to display information to clinicians. In parallel, a rifampicin popPK model will be developed taking advantage of the published literature, complemented with data provided by existing literature data from the Pan-African Consortium for the Evaluation of Antituberculosis Antibiotics (panACEA), and samples collected within this project. A decision tree will be designed and implemented as a CDSS, and an automated report generation will be developed and validated through selected case studies. Expert pharmacologists will validate the CDSS, and finally, field implementation in Tanzania will occur, coupled with a prospective study to assess clinicians' adherence to the CDSS recommendations. The TuberXpert project started in November 2022. In July 2024, the clinical study in Tanzania was completed with the enrollment of 50 patients to gather the required data to build a popPK model for rifampicin, together with a qualitative study defining the report design, as well as the CDSS general architecture definition. At the end of the TuberXpert project, Tanzania will possess a new tool to help the practitioners with the adaptation of drug dosage targeting complicated TB cases (TB or HIV, TB or diabetes mellitus, and TB or malnutrition). This automated system will be validated and used in the field and will be proposed to other countries affected by endemic TB. In addition, this approach will serve as proof of concept regarding the feasibility and suitability of CDSS-assisted TDM for further anti-TB drugs in TB-burdened areas deprived of TDM experts, including second-line treatments considered important to monitor. DERR1-10.2196/58720.

Oswald Mathias Ungers and Sol LeWitt: Variations

One of the fundamentals of Oswald Mathias Ungers work is the definition of a new unity between art and architecture. What this investigation is focused on is the identification of the intersection point between art and architecture, considering the project for the Entrance to the Kaiserthermen in Trier (2003-2007) as case study, revealing the system of theoretical, methodological and compositional correspondences. Plastic art is Ungers' main interlocutor: one of the author's most important references is Sol LeWitt (1928-2007), an artist he admired and collected. Setting the work of Oswald Mathias Unger and Sol LeWitt side by side, offers the opportunity to underline the shared interpretation that the two authors have of the world of forms postulated by Henri Focillon (1881-1943) in Life of Forms, according to which form, autonomous with respect to time and place, has its own universe, governed by its own laws, space and matter. According to these premises, we propose to read Trier's building through the instruments of art, following the hypothesis that in this project art embodies a creative and positive component in the definition of architecture, a cultural stimulus that guides the author in the design process.

Comparison of Deep Learning Models for Multi-Crop Leaf Disease Detection with Enhanced Vegetative Feature Isolation and Definition of a New Hybrid Architecture

Comparison of Deep Learning Models for Multi-Crop Leaf Disease Detection with Enhanced Vegetative Feature Isolation and Definition of a New Hybrid Architecture

Towards the DTT configuration management platform architecture

Effective project management methods, tools and working practices shall be applied to facilitate the communication and collaboration among the different institutions involved in the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) project. This paper deals with the definition of the configuration management platform architecture enabling technical integration of the DTT system. The first step consists in the identification of main requirements the platform should satisfy, considering the multidisciplinary domains and the geographically dispersed working teams characterizing the nuclear fusion sector and the maturity level of the specific project. Main characteristics of the most advanced Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) tools are identified, their limits and benefits are evaluated, and the suitable PLM platform is selected, satisfying the DTT project needs. The definition of the architecture of the configuration management platform for the DTT project aims at implementing the DTT assembly model in a unique environment able to exchange models and data even developed outside the platform ensuring the congruence of the design, the traceability of design changes and the adoption of a proper Systems Engineering approach.

Strengthening the Definition of Green Architecture in Indonesia

Strengthening the Definition of Green Architecture in Indonesia

Definition of the requirements architecture for IT solution as a business analytics product

The subject of research in the article is approaches to understanding and interpreting the concept of the architecture of requirements for an IT solution. The purpose of the work is to define the architecture of software requirements for a better understanding and further implementation of this concept in the practice of software development. The article addresses the following tasks: analyze approaches to the classification of requirements to determine common and distinctive characteristics and their impact on the definition of the architecture of requirements; examine requirements engineering standards to find the definition and any relationship to the requirements architecture; consider approaches to building a set of requirements and using templates to describe them to identify optimal strategies for business analytical processes and their impact on the architecture of requirements. The following methods are used: comparative analysis, including comparison and generalization of different classifications of requirements taking into account their impact on the definition of requirements architecture, review of literature and standards related to requirements engineering, as well as analysis of their impact on the process of formation of requirements architecture, analysis of documentation with the aim identifying optimal strategies for building the requirements architecture, as well as analyzing the use of templates for describing requirements and their importance in defining the requirements architecture. In addition, the requirements quality criteria analysis results were interpolated to identify relationships between the quality of requirements and their architecture, which made it possible to determine the optimal approaches to building the architecture of requirements that meet the requirements of software quality. The following results were obtained: approaches to understanding requirements in software development were investigated, generally accepted classifications of requirements and characteristics of quality requirements were given, and links of the chain "requirements – quality of requirements – approaches to description of requirements – standards – architecture of requirements" were analyzed with further logical interpolation of the studied context on the architecture of requirements, the author's definition of the concept of architecture of requirements is proposed. Conclusions. Requirements architecture can be based on different architectural frameworks and depends on software development methodologies, but at the same time, it can vary depending on industry standards and the needs of a specific project. Also, requirements architecture can use certain document templates, but it is not limited to them.

Large language models in complex system design

AbstractThis paper investigates the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in engineering complex systems, demonstrating how they can support designers on detail design phases. Two aerospace cases, a system architecture definition and a CAD model generation activities are studied. The research reveals LLMs' challenges and opportunities to support designers, and future research areas to further improve their application in engineering tasks. It emphasizes the new paradigm of LLMs support compared to traditional Machine Learning techniques, as they can successfully perform tasks with just a few examples.

Assessment of an auto-routing method for topology generation of aircraft power supply systems

During early phases of aircraft development, overall systems design is performed to estimate relevant system design parameters such as mass, power consumption, and compliance with architectural requirements (redundancy). The GeneSys software framework has been developed for parametric modeling of aircraft on-board systems for overall systems design. To this end, model-based architecture definition, topology generation (components positioning and connections routing), and system sizing are conducted. The topology generation is currently performed using design templates containing knowledge-based heuristics derived from systems topologies of existing aircraft. However, using such design templates limits their generic application to novel aircraft models because exceptions for geometric differences between these models need to be implemented. This especially applies to the topology generation of power supply systems (electric, hydraulic) due to their high number of interfaces to consumer systems. To overcome these limitations, an automated routing method is presented in this paper as a generic approach for topology generation. With this method, the system topology is generated based on a defined routing network, which comprises areas of the aircraft for allowed components positioning and connections routing. Using Dijkstra’s algorithm, the shortest path connections are found within the established routing network. Furthermore, boundary conditions for routing, for instance adding a cost function for power segregation, can be defined. An assessment of the automated routing method applied on the electric power supply system is performed using qualitative parameters such as the capability to adapt the routing network. Quantitative parameters like cable length and system mass are assessed as well.

Artificial Intelligence Islamic Architecture (AIIA): What Is Islamic Architecture in the Age of Artificial Intelligence?

Revisiting the long-debated question: “What is Islamic architecture?”, this research article aims to explore the identity of “Islamic architecture (IA)” in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) as well as the novel opportunities and cultural challenges associated with applying AI techniques, such as the machine learning of Midjourney in the context of IA. It investigates the impact factors of AI technologies on the understanding and interpretation of traditional Islamic architectural principles, especially architectural design processes. This article employs a quantitative research methodology, including the observation of works of artists and architectural designers appearing in the mass media in light of a literature review and critical analysis of scholarly debates on Islamic architecture, spanning from historical perspectives to contemporary discussions. The article argues for the emergence of a continuous paradigm shift from what is commonly known as “postmodern Islamic architecture” (PMIA) into “artificial intelligence Islamic architecture” (AIIA), as coined by the authors of this article. It identifies the following impact factors of AI on IA: (1) particular requirements and sensitivities, inaccuracies, and biases, (2) human touch, unique craftsmanship, and a deep understanding of cultural issues, (3) regional variation, (4) translation, (5) biases in sources, (6) previously used terms and expressions, and (7) intangible values. The significance of this research in digital heritage lies in the fact that there are no pre-existing theoretical publications on the topic of “Islamic architecture in the age of artificial intelligence”, although an extensive set of publications interpreting the question of the definition of Islamic architecture, in general, is found. This article is pivotal in analyzing this heritage-inspired design approach in light of former criticism of the definition of “Islamic architecture”, which could benefit both theorists and practitioners. This theoretical article is the first in a series of two sequential articles in the Buildings journal; the second (practical) article is an analytical evaluation of the Midjourney architectural virtual lab, defining major current limits in AI-generated representations of Islamic architectural heritage.

»Non è altro lo edificare se none un piacere uolunptario …«

Abstract In a time concerned with the emancipation of architecture from the mechanical arts to the liberal ones, Filarete challenged the mainstream rational-objective approach by proposing a poietic definition of architecture which spanned beyond craft and science. »Non è altro lo edificare se none un piacere volunptario…« is not yet another account of architecture, but it has become its supreme definition, possessing an almost universal value and demonstrating a vision ahead of its time. This paper investigates the multiple facets of this definition by situating it in the context of Renaissance architectural practice and within the framework of Filarete’s architectural treatise. Humanistic to the core, this definition transcends the usual anthropomorphic perspective on architecture (regarding the proportions, styles or expressions derived from the human body) and goes beyond the rational-material approach, addressing the sphere of sensitivity or even the realm of the spiritual. For Filarete, architectural creation is a true poietic act, consecrated to symbolism and emotion, while genuinely rooted in its manual, material dimension.

IoT system development for heart rhythm monitoring and cardiovascular risk estimation

The research focuses on addressing the global issue of cardiovascular diseases. The key variable under consideration for predicting cardiovascular diseases is heart rate variability (HRV). Leveraging the widespread adoption of IoT in various applications, particularly in the health sector, the study proposes the design and implementation of an IoT system for HRV monitoring. The research unfolded in four methodological phases: exploration and selection of technologies, definition of the IoT architecture, development of the prototype, and verification of its functionality. The implemented IoT system adheres to the conventional 4-layer IoT architecture: capture, storage, analysis, and visualization. Heart rate data is periodically acquired using a heart rate sensor and an Arduino-compatible board. The storage layer employs a non-relational database to store the captured data. The analysis layer extracts metrics related to HRV (High: RR <750 ms, Moderate: RR 750–900 ms, Low: RR >900 ms) by applying and delivering quantitative results from clustering algorithms such as machine learning models to evaluate data distribution. Risk levels indicate specific patient metrics. Thus, a 75-year-old patient exhibits an average HR of 75.56, Avg. RR of 795.42, falling into Cluster 1 with a risk value of 1.0. Similar detailed metrics and risk stratifications are presented for patients aged 68, 46, 37, and 18, demonstrating the system's robustness and efficacy in assessing cardiovascular risk. The visualization layer enables real-time observation of physiological variables, risk metrics, and results from data analytics models. The distinctive features of the results lie in the portability advantages of the IoT system, utilizing free hardware and software tools. This facilitates easy replication and utilization of the proposed system in medical campaigns, specifically for the early detection of cardiac conditions. The portable IoT system, leveraging free tools, enhances predictive capabilities for early cardiovascular risk detection globally

DYNAP-SE2: a scalable multi-core dynamic neuromorphic asynchronous spiking neural network processor

With the remarkable progress that technology has made, the need for processing data near the sensors at the edge has increased dramatically. The electronic systems used in these applications must process data continuously, in real-time, and extract relevant information using the smallest possible energy budgets. A promising approach for implementing always-on processing of sensory signals that supports on-demand, sparse, and edge-computing is to take inspiration from biological nervous system. Following this approach, we present a brain-inspired platform for prototyping real-time event-based spiking neural networks. The system proposed supports the direct emulation of dynamic and realistic neural processing phenomena such as short-term plasticity, NMDA gating, AMPA diffusion, homeostasis, spike frequency adaptation, conductance-based dendritic compartments and spike transmission delays. The analog circuits that implement such primitives are paired with a low latency asynchronous digital circuits for routing and mapping events. This asynchronous infrastructure enables the definition of different network architectures, and provides direct event-based interfaces to convert and encode data from event-based and continuous-signal sensors. Here we describe the overall system architecture, we characterize the mixed signal analog-digital circuits that emulate neural dynamics, demonstrate their features with experimental measurements, and present a low- and high-level software ecosystem that can be used for configuring the system. The flexibility to emulate different biologically plausible neural networks, and the chip’s ability to monitor both population and single neuron signals in real-time, allow to develop and validate complex models of neural processing for both basic research and edge-computing applications.

Data and Knowledge Organization for Natural Language Processing: Searching and Identifying Better Arrangements of Texts Based on Multimodal Information Architecture

Processing texts of multiple knowledge areas is a hard task. This article presents an Information Science contribution to natural language processing based on artificial neural networks through data arrangement. An extended concept of Information architecture was used, aggregating a multimodal view of organizing data. The Multimodal Information Architecture definition served as foundations for a five-step procedure to design, analyze and transform data used for artificial neural networks training and learning methods, complementing gaps identified by authors focused on Computer Science implementations. The proposal was validated with three datasets formed by texts coming from 16 knowledge areas. Results obtained through the usage of pre-processed data and raw data where compared. In each of the three datasets, the method identified arrangements which led to better and worst results, separating which corpus samples are more susceptible for knowledge extraction.

Heterogeneous Integration of Chiplets, Lego-like IP for More than Moore

The semiconductor industry is facing an inflection point as higher cost, lower yield, and reticle size limitations drive the need for viable alternatives to traditional monolithic solutions, which are hitting or coming close to the limits of manufacturing and physics. This is driving an emerging trend to disaggregate what typically would be implemented as an SoC into solid, fabricated IP blocks, otherwise known as chiplets. These chiplets typically provide a specific function implemented in an optimal chip process node. Several chiplets and an optional, custom SOC device mounted and interconnected in a single packing using high speed/bandwidth interfaces that will then deliver monolithic or greater performance at a reduced cost, higher yield, and with only a slightly larger area as a heterogeneous integrated advanced package. As fabless semiconductor companies begin to bring these disaggregated chiplets to market, their successful adoption requires the fabless semiconductor industry to standardize on a set of interface protocols that will offer Lego-like plug and play compatibility between different suppliers chiplets creating a truly open ecosystem and supply chain. When it comes to the physical heterogeneous integration of these chiplets it is typically achieved using a high-performance silicon-like interposer substrate. Such substrates typically require silicon-like design rules and design techniques along with their own specific analysis and verification requirements. The supply chain for these substrates does not change significantly, it is still typically the leading semiconductor foundries and OSATs however the level of interaction, requirements, and signoff approvals does change bringing often new demands and challenges. Is this a revolution or an evolution, it depends on your starting point? Does it need an entirely new set of workflows and design tools? Can we evolve in some stepwise linear process from where we are today with monolithic or traditional system-in-package type designs into this next-generation design environment? This paper will explore these new challenges and outline 5 key workflows that address and manage them. These 5 workflows span interlinked domain areas starting with architecture definition before progressing to design that incorporates planning, prototyping, and technology co-optimization of the chosen architecture as well as the detailed physical implementation of substrates before moving to multi-physics analysis, device-level test, and then manufacturing. This paper will then recommend workflow adoption focus areas that we have seen provide immediate heterogeneous integration capability benefits while providing a managed methodology adoption and migration process that minimizes disruption, risk, and of course cost that can bring heterogeneous integration based chiplet design within reach of the mainstream instead of only being accessible to the mega iDMs and fabless semi’s.

Traceability of Architectural Design Decisions and Software Artifacts: A Systematic Mapping Study

Abstract The definition of architecture is a crucial task in software development, where the architect is responsible for making the right decisions to meet specific functional and quality requirements. These architectural design decisions form the foundation that shapes the arrangement of elements within a system. Unfortunately, these decisions are often poorly documented, implicit in various artifacts, or inadequately updated, leading to negative consequences on the maintainability of a system and resulting in rework and cost overruns. The objective of this systematic mapping study is to comprehend the current state regarding approaches for traceability of architectural design decisions and how these decisions are linked with the different artifacts used in software development. To achieve this, an information extraction protocol is followed, utilizing databases with search strings, inclusion, and exclusion criteria. The findings demonstrate that this knowledge is highly relevant; however, it is rarely explicitly documented. As a result, most works propose diverse approaches to extract this knowledge from existing technical documentation, commonly used tools, and other sources of product and process information. In contrast, it is evident that there is no standard for documenting design decisions, leading each author to present a subjective version of what is important and where to trace these decisions. This suggests that there is still a significant amount of research to be conducted regarding the traceability of these architectural design decisions and their connection with software artifacts. Such research could lead to intriguing new proposals for investigation.

A Self-Adapting IoT Network Configuration Supported by Distributed Graph Transformations

The research described in this article aims to propose the creation of a framework that would enable the self-optimization of IoT device networks. The work is based on two foundations: distributed graph transformations and a flexible IoT network supported by the several standards and definitions proposed by The Open Group, such as the definition of microservices architecture (MSA) as well as IoT and semantic interoperability standards, providing a broader context for the research. It introduces the concept of capabilities, both at the individual device and network levels, which are used to describe the desired functions that will be performed by the given system. The network of distributed IoT devices is visualized as a graph, and graph transformations are used to specify and optimize the network in response to events like degraded performance, failures, or configuration changes. These actions are automatically performed in order to restore the original set of capabilities defined for the system. Validation of these capabilities is used to assess the success rate of the performed actions. The document describes a practical implementation of an IoT network for managing and monitoring an indoor greenhouse. Thanks to the introduction of formal representation of capabilities, the programming effort required to build the system was significantly reduced. Furthermore, automation related to the validation of capabilities and the performance of automated actions reduces the effort by a factor of a hundred compared with a manual action.

СТИЛІСТИЧНЕ ТРАКТУВАННЯ ЗРАЗКІВ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРИ 1990-2000-Х РОКІВ. ПРОБЛЕМИ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ ТА СВІТОГЛЯДНОЇ ДЕТЕРМІНАЦІЇ

The article considers the problem of stylistic definition of objects of Lviv architecture in the 1990-2000s. Having studied the similar Ukrainian scientific publications, here is presented own arguments regarding the correct terminology for this type of objects. An important role is also given to the worldview prevailing at that time in professional circles, as it makes it possible to determine which values in design they adhered to - modernist or postmodern. On the basis of the conducted analysis, it was established that in the period of 1990-2000s, the development of processes that began in the late Soviet era, when experiments with regional tradition and local identity took place on a regional scale within the framework of so-called "individual projects" ( for example "Carpathian style"). Therefore, the objects of Lviv architecture of the 1990-2000s are mostly devoid of ambiguity and irony characteristic of postmodernism, as well as a deliberate desystematization of stylistic and tectonic rules. The postmodern understanding of form as language is not characteristic of post-Soviet samples. In view of the comparative assessment, it was established that the stylistic definition of Lviv architecture of the 1990s-2000s can be associated with modernism to a much greater extent than it was believed until now. The sum of the listed factors and the nature of the analyzed objects indicate that a probably more correct term for these monuments is "decorated modernism" or "deco-modernism". It was established that despite the fact that the practice of standard design was the object of unanimous criticism both in the professional environment and at the general societal level, this did not mean criticism of modernism as such, since (neo-)modernist objects are built on the so-called individual projects, were generally approved and were examples of a positive alternative. The main worldview motive of that time in the field of creating architectural form was the desire for individualism and imagery, which is not at all identical to postmodernism.