Definition Of Architecture Research Articles

Definition of a FPGA-Based SoC Architecture for PRBS Transmission in Optical Spectroscopy

Definition of a FPGA-Based SoC Architecture for PRBS Transmission in Optical Spectroscopy

Use of Domain Engineering in Hyperautomation Applied to Decision Making in Government

This article presents the domain engineering process carried out to obtain the requirements for the implementation of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) compliance framework aimed at the public sector. Owing to the current competitive and fast economy, which generates huge demand for increasingly efficient, reliable, and transparent intelligent systems, decision-support architectures should also be developed under strong restrictions of cost and time. Such a context requires adequate structures, processes, and technologies for coping with the complexity of building such intelligent systems. Currently, many public organizations have adopted applications for process automation, with the aim of refraining from repetitive work and producing more efficient results. However, what is not so often observed is the development of intelligent engines to support complex public decision-making. Possible explanations are the plethora of available data sources and the number of legal norms to be abided by. Moreover, it is important to highlight the need to incorporate transparency, auditability, reusability, and flexibility into such systems. Thus, they can be safely utilized in various analogous situations, reducing the need to develop new applications from scratch. An architecture suitable for supporting public decision-making with so many features and increasingly unstructured data, as well as abundant regulation, needs well-crafted formal specifications. This article aims to analyze three existing frameworks and carry out domain engineering studies in three cases to produce some guidance for future public applications and services based on AI. Next, we provide a conceptual preliminary architectural definition for the public sector. The proposed architecture targets were identified in the three cases studied, namely, frequent tasks of process mining requirements, detection of anomalies, and extraction of rules and public policies for helping public servants. All these aim at expedient AI development for public decision-making.

Natural variation in the binding pocket of a parasitic flatworm TRPM channel resolves the basis for praziquantel sensitivity

The drug praziquantel (PZQ) is the key clinical therapy for treating schistosomiasis and other infections caused by parasitic flatworms. A schistosome target for PZQ was recently identified- a transient receptor potential ion channel in the melastatin subfamily (TRPMPZQ)-however, little is known about the properties of TRPMPZQ in other parasitic flatworms. Here, TRPMPZQ orthologs were scrutinized from all currently available parasitic flatworm genomes. TRPMPZQ is present in all parasitic flatworms, and the consensus PZQ binding site was well conserved. Functional profiling of trematode, cestode, and a free-living flatworm TRPMPZQ ortholog revealed differing sensitives (~300-fold) of these TRPMPZQ channels toward PZQ, which matched the varied sensitivities of these different flatworms to PZQ. Three loci of variation were defined across the parasitic flatworm TRPMPZQ pocketome with the identity of an acidic residue in the TRP domain acting as a gatekeeper residue impacting PZQ residency within the TRPMPZQ ligand binding pocket. In trematodes and cyclophyllidean cestodes, which display high sensitivity to PZQ, this TRP domain residue is an aspartic acid which is permissive for potent activation by PZQ. However, the presence of a glutamic acid residue found in other parasitic and free-living flatworm TRPMPZQ was associated with lower sensitivity to PZQ. The definition of these different binding pocket architectures explains why PZQ shows high therapeutic effectiveness against specific fluke and tapeworm infections and will help the development of better tailored therapies toward other parasitic infections of humans, livestock, and fish.

Domestic Humanistic Tradition and Ukrainian Vocabulary as Primary Sources for Scientific Terminology in Professional Areas of Environment Creation

The purpose of the article is to find domestic lexical definitions of architecture, urbanism, and environmental design. The methodology of the research is an interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge based on dialectics (H. Hegel) and the general theory of systems (L. von Bertalanffy). Scientific novelty. For the first time, the author has analysed the problem of the completeness of the domestic terminology on environment creation to express original meanings according to the Cyrillic humanistic tradition, and specialisations of activity. It has been proposed to introduce into scientific circulation a general definition of a group of professional artistic directions for creating an environment for human life as a hierarchical environmental image creation, the purpose of which is the integral beauty of spatial forms. Conclusions. The content of the borrowed terminology requires a more careful selection, as it is intended to enrich the vocabulary and clarify relevant industry concepts and professional specialisations, in particular, according to international qualification definitions. However, lexical borrowings do not have sufficient potential for worldview, mental-cognitive compliance with the national linguistic environment. In order to ensure national philosophical goal setting, in accordance with the national Slavic-Greek-Latin tradition of a complete and true Living Word, we need, along with borrowed names and terminology, to use primarily national, including Old Slavic, vocabulary in quality of the main methodological one. The domestic humanistic tradition, the peculiarities of word formation and the lexical fund of the Ukrainian literary language make it possible to return to wider use the national name of the content and purpose of an artistic composition (leepota) and to introduce into scientific circulation the natural definition of object-spatial arts, namely "environmental imagery" as well as «hierarchical environmental imagery». Key words: architecture, harmony, design, Living Word, architectonics, architectonic urban development, composition, leepota, urban planning, creating the environment, terminology, philosophy of hierarchy of environment creation.

Improving the Efficiency of a Public Health Service by Designing Its Innovation Management Structure Based on Data Envelopment Analysis

This paper presents a proposal for Chile's health system innovation structure based on a formal service design approach, including management and process architecture definition. Such structure defines how to allocate innovation resources in the health system to increase its efficiency. It uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure hospitals' efficiency, which also determines the variables that explain such efficiency. Thus, the architecture uses the knowledge about hospitals' efficiency and their determinants to define innovation projects and assign financial resources for them. It also assures their implementation to increase the efficiency of the hospitals. DEA measurements show great improvement potential since only six of 40 hospitals had an efficiency value of 1.0. Some of the projects with the best improvement potential were implemented with very good results, summarized in the paper. The main contribution of this work is to formalize and enlarge the scope of the structural design of health services to generate improved results for users at a lower cost.

Metaphors Shaping Modern Architecture in Interwar Romania

In X-ray Architecture, Beatriz Colomina does a psychoanalysis of the image of the TB patient but also of other diseases (including mental) and of the mental associations induced by them, associations and representations that influenced modern architecture. If such hygienic concerns influenced the production, affirmation and supremacy of the Modern Movement in the Western world, in Romania it was more about the dissemination and adaptation of Western ideas to another urban fabric and other traditions. Apart from the sanatorium perspective, another important metaphor used for the theoretical definition and affirmation of modern architecture in Romania was the metaphor of the machine (to be lived in but not only). We can talk about the impact of these two metaphors that frame the discourse and creation of architects from interwar Bucharest and Romania.

Review: The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa

Review: <i>The Masjid in Contemporary Islamic Africa</i>

Towards a formalized model-based process for the design of high-speed aircraft and related subsystems

Increasing complexity associated to advanced aircraft concepts for high-speed flight is pushing the limit of engineering practices concerning design phases of products lifecycle. Specific methodologies aimed at managing requirements over the entire vehicle architecture definition shall then be properly formalized and supported by means of standardized processes and languages in order to be effective. The approaches suggested by the Systems Engineering practices, especially when considering the model-based environments as main tools for systems design, can be exploited to face these challenges, if properly tailored to suit the specific engineering field considered. This paper aims at proposing a model-based process for the design of high-speed aircraft exploiting a formalized methodology and the typical tools of Systems Engineering. A conceptual design exercise, based on the STRATOFLY MR3 hypersonic cruiser case study, is performed from high-level stakeholder objectives to vehicle performance estimations, passing through functional and interface analyses. Additionally, some insights concerning on-board subsystems sizing activities are provided in terms of integration within the high-level design process. The whole work highlights the capability of performing a seamless requirements management and development within the design procedure, particularly focussing on the relationships among the different stages of the workflow.

PFSA-ID: an annotated Indonesian corpus and baseline model of public figures statements attributions

PurposeBy far, the corpus for the quotation extraction and quotation attribution tasks in Indonesian is still limited in quantity and depth. This study aims to develop an Indonesian corpus of public figure statements attributions and a baseline model for attribution extraction, so it will contribute to fostering research in information extraction for the Indonesian language.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is divided into corpus development and extraction model development. During corpus development, data were collected and annotated. The development of the extraction model entails feature extraction, the definition of the model architecture, parameter selection and configuration, model training and evaluation, as well as model selection.FindingsThe Indonesian corpus of public figure statements attribution achieved 90.06% agreement level between the annotator and experts and could serve as a gold standard corpus. Furthermore, the baseline model predicted most labels and achieved 82.026% F-score.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the resulting corpus is the first corpus for attribution of public figures’ statements in the Indonesian language, which makes it a significant step for research on attribution extraction in the language. The resulting corpus and the baseline model can be used as a benchmark for further research. Other researchers could follow the methods presented in this paper to develop a new corpus and baseline model for other languages.

Digital Architecture between Genetic Mutations and Xefirotarch's Design

The digital revolution and globalization have sorted out the philosophy of what is now known as digital forms, which has been spread widely in various fields. There are many interpretations about the definition of digital architecture, but we can say that it is a different type of architecture as a result of digital techniques and architectural approaches that produce a form that achieves functionality. In this research, we try to present the theoretical features of the impact of the digital and technological revolution on the field of architectural formation between Genetic Mutations and Xefirotarch's Design. Therefore, we will liberate from the spatial determinants, which the technological revolution does not care about, and discuss the relationship between architecture and the technological revolution, and analyze influences that currently affect and will affect more in the future on the formation trends. Xeforotarch design obsession is a micro technique that appreciates the perversity of elegant shape, a taste that has been learned from the films and is designed for architecture. The problem of the research on the possibility of using the Xefirotarch's design approach as a tool and strategy for Xefirotarch's Vision of future sustainability was studied while studying its applications in the areas of design and architecture. However, there is an evident knowledge deficiency in this field at the academic or professional level, especially our modern local community.

A semantic-driven tradespace framework to accelerate aircraft manufacturing system design

During the design phase of an aircraft manufacturing system, different industrial scenarios need to be evaluated according to key performance indicators to achieve the optimal system performance. It is a highly complex process involving multidisciplinary stakeholders, various digital tools and protocols. To address the digital discontinuity challenge during this process, this paper proposes a tradespace framework based on semantic technology and model-based systems engineering. It aims at functionality integration of requirement management, architecture definition, manufacturing system design, solution verification and visualization. An application ontology is developed to integrate assembly system domain knowledge, industrial requirements and system architecture model information. The proposed framework is implemented in a case study to support the fuselage orbital joint process design, which is part of the aircraft final assembly line. A toolchain is presented to support the implementation, which consists of a set of enabling software corresponding to the functional modules of the framework. Different manufacturing system architectures are first designed by industrial system engineers supported by the application ontology stored in a graph database. They are then analyzed through Discrete Event Simulations and 3D simulations. The simulation results are presented through a web-based portal to show the key performance values of each architecture. This study serves as a part of the proof-of-concept of the recently proposed Cognitive Digital Twin concept.

Rule-based definition of muscle bundles in patient-specific models of the left atrium.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered clinically, and as the population ages, its prevalence is increasing. Although the CHA2DS2− VASc score is the most used risk-stratification system for stroke risk in AF, it lacks personalization. Patient-specific computer models of the atria can facilitate personalized risk assessment and treatment planning. However, a challenge faced in creating such models is the complexity of the atrial muscle arrangement and its influence on the atrial fiber architecture. This work proposes a semi-automated rule-based algorithm to generate the local fiber orientation in the left atrium (LA). We use the solutions of several harmonic equations to decompose the LA anatomy into subregions. Solution gradients define a two-layer fiber field in each subregion. The robustness of our approach is demonstrated by recreating the fiber orientation on nine models of the LA obtained from AF patients who underwent WATCHMAN device implantation. This cohort of patients encompasses a variety of morphology variants of the left atrium, both in terms of the left atrial appendages (LAAs) and the number of pulmonary veins (PVs). We test the fiber construction algorithm by performing electrophysiology (EP) simulations. Furthermore, this study is the first to compare its results with other rule-based algorithms for the LA fiber architecture definition available in the literature. This analysis suggests that a multi-layer fiber architecture is important to capture complex electrical activation patterns. A notable advantage of our approach is the ability to reconstruct the main LA fiber bundles in a variety of morphologies while solving for a small number of harmonic fields, leading to a comparatively straightforward and reproducible approach.

Optimal Design of a Novel Leg-Based Stair-Climbing Wheelchair Based on the Kinematic Analysis of the Stair Climbing States

This work presents a method to find the optimal configuration of a leg-based stair-climbing wheelchair. This optimization begins with the definition of a high-level control architecture, in which the kinematics restrictions related to the specific obstacles are considered. Then, the reference trajectories for all the actuators are generated as a function of the physical parameters of the mechanism, the dynamic restrictions of the actuators (velocity and acceleration) and the sensor errors. This work illustrates, based on a set of configurations, how the total time to climb up and climb down a defined stair depends on all these parameters, also reporting the best set of parameters that reduces the time and makes the mechanism more stable for a given scenario. The optimization in this work is performed with a brute-force search within a grid of parameters with a resolution of 1 mm. Thus, as the local minima is located, the complexity of the problem is revealed.

STPA enabled safety assessment in the architecting of complex systems

STPA is a hazard assessment technique that represents systems as hierarchical control structures composed of feedback control loops. Existing computational support focuses on creating the diagrams that depict these hierarchies. However, the elements in the loops and the signals exchanged must be determined manually. This impedes safety assessment, thus reducing the number of designs that can potentially be explored. Furthermore, the manual approach does not guarantee the correct update of the architecture with changes resulting from safety assessment, which can make the architecture inconsistent with the safety assessment. To overcome these limitations, proposed for the first time are two methods that automate the creation of: (1) hierarchical control structures and (2) detailed control loops. The methods create STPA models by analysing the architecture, which is modelled as a graph. The concept is illustrated with a representative example of a wheel brake system. The resulting models are compared with those obtained manually by the authors of STPA. The automation is shown to significantly reduce the required time and effort. It was also found to ensure consistency among the safety analysis and the architecture definition as it requires safety features to be included in the architecture before being considered in STPA analysis.

Claudin-4 localization in epithelial ovarian cancer

Claudin-4, a protein with the structure of classic claudins most often found in cell-cell junctions, is frequently overexpressed in epithelial cancers where its localization has not been studied. In this study we aimed to find out where this membrane protein is localized in an ovarian tumor model, OVCAR3 cells, that express high levels of the protein. Immunohistochemical studies showed claudin-4 staining in a perinuclear region, at most plasma membranes and in cytoplasmic puncta. Native claudin-4 did not overlap with phosphorylated claudin-4, which was partially located in focal adhesions. Using claudin-4 BioID technology we confirmed that large amounts of claudin-4 are localized to the Golgi compartment, including in dispersed Golgi in cells where claudin-4 is partially knocked down and in dividing cells. Claudin-4 appears to be present in the vicinity of several types of cell-cell junctions, but there is no evidence that it forms tight junctions in these tumor cells. Both claudin-4, the Golgi marker GM130, and the plasma membrane receptor Notch2 were found in dispersed Golgi in dividing cells. This definition of the cellular architecture of claudin-4 should provide a framework for better understanding of the function of claudin-4 in tumor cells and its molecular interactions.

A New Cosmic Architectural Vision

Adopting the classical Vitruvian definition of the ARCHITECTURE as unity of the Form-Function-Structure trinity, on cosmic level results the extended definition of the COSMIC ARCHITECTURE as quaternionic resultant of the three-interactional systemic components Dynamic/Cyclic Form- Evolution Function-Dual Structure. Starting from the WHOLE PERIODIC SYSTEM with 558 chemical elements, Gluon and Quark preelements, and the start/transitional IOVITZU’S ETHERON, and extending it with the 9th BIONIC/ETHERONIC axis perpendicular to the well-known 8 axes/16 semiaxes, resulted a GENERALIZATION of this EXTENDED WHOLE PERIODIC SYSTEM within a fractal-like structured octavic system. The Dynamic Duality of the Evolution being present everywhere at all times, on micro- and macro-cosmic levels alike, in form of nucleonic and bionic structures based on the sphere-torus reciprocal dual relations, we can distinguish nucleonic and bionic atomic structures, respectively nucleonic structured/octavic/light and bionic stuctured/pentatonic/dark cosmic evolutionary phases, with meaningful consequences of this new world concept/view of life. The DUALITY implying the SPLITTING possibility, the ancient Greek „a-tom”=unsplittable is followed by its successive discovered components proton-neutron-quark-gluon-ETHERON-BION, and on higher cosmic levels the Lightness/Darkness (determined by the etheronic-bionic balance within the spheric-toroidal structures), Life, Chaos, Gravitation. Every dual system or cosmic formation is splittable, it is „only” an energetic barriers question! The other-quaternionic- structural principle leads us to the Menora-like gradual structural diversity of the GRAVITATION, in correlation with the above mentioned energetic barriers.

Event-based safety and reliability analysis integration in model-based space mission design

Model-based safety and reliability (S&R) analysis, which improves analysis accuracy and reduces cost and development time is applied in various industries. With the developments in model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and the use of systems modelling language (SysML), S&R analysis based on SysML models is gaining more attention. However, the emerging methods are inadequate for complex space missions. Thus, the main objective of this study involves integrating S&R analysis in SysML-based space mission design. First, a framework for integrating S&R analysis in model-based space mission design is presented. Based on the characteristics of the development of complex space missions and the MBSE process, a multisystem collaborative failure analysis method is proposed to comprehensively identify the failure modes (FMs) of the entire system. Subsequently, an event-based analysis method integrating the process of functional architecture definition is proposed, which fills the identified gaps in model-based S&R analysis for mission-level systems. Based on the identified FMs and proposed criterion, the event tree can be mapped from the SysML activity diagram. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to a case study of a complex space mission in the near future: the manned mission to the Moon.

Ideology, Nationalism, and Architecture: Representations of Kurdish Sites in Turkish Art Historiography

This article discusses how the narrative of Turkish national historiography, crafted by Turkish elites in the 1930s in light of the official doctrine of the Turkish History Thesis and the Sun Language Thesis, attempted to Turkify the patronage of historical buildings constructed by diverse ethnic and religious communities of the country’s eastern region. I focus on the architectural production of the seven Kurdish dynasties that ruled a large area in the Middle East from the tenth to the mid-nineteenth century. Kurdish rulers constructed a large number of urban monuments bearing their names. These sites were appropriated into the Turkish national historiography in a denial of their Kurdish origins. This approach to history has rendered Kurdish material culture all but invisible, pushing the understanding of Kurdish architectural patronage and identity to the academic margins. This study aims to develop an alternative approach to the history of urban and architectural production in eastern and south-eastern Turkey, and opens a discussion for a definition of Kurdish art and architecture.

From Model‐based to Model and Simulation‐based Systems Architectures – achieving quality engineering through descriptive and analytical models

AbstractSystems architecture design is a key activity that affect the overall systems engineering cost. Hence it is fundamental to ensure that the system architecture reaches a proper quality. In this paper, we leverage on MBSE approaches and complement them with simulation techniques, as a promising way to improve the quality of the system architecture definition, and to come up with innovative solutions while securing the systems engineering process.

A Collective Intelligence Platform to Support Older Cancer Survivors: Towards the Definition of LifeChamps System and Big Data Reference Architecture.

Within the most recent years, most of the cancer patients are older age, which implies the necessity to a better understanding of aging and cancer connection. This work presents the LifeChamps solution built on top of cutting-edge Big Data architecture and HPC infrastructure concepts. An innovative architecture was envisioned supported by the Big Data Value Reference Model and answering the system requirements from high to low level and from logical to physical perspective, following the "4+1 architectural model".