Deep Relationships Research Articles

The Survival of Earthen Architecture in Malian Sahel, Case Study: The Historic City of Djenné

Heritage conservation is one of the concerns in public urban governance policies. The Malian Sahel is one of the oldest centers of urban civilization. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988, Djenné is one of Mali’s great tourist destinations. The conservation of the architectural heritage has made tourism the engine for the economy of the city of Djenné. This research aims to assess the impact of the architectural and urban heritage of Djenné on the lives of residents. After zooming in on the advancement of Djenné, this work analyses the deep and complex relationships between urban heritage and the life of the residents. It highlights the advantages and consequences of earthen constructions. It reveals the mysterious character of Djenné. Taking religious beliefs and cultural values into account is essential in any urban project in this mysterious city. The novelty of this work lies in its framework marked by an unprecedented security pressure in the region. Thanks to data collected from the administration, surveys, and interviews with stakeholders, this work carried out elements that indicate the slump currently experienced by the occupants of Djenné. That situation dangerously threatens the conservation of heritage for the future. Finally, all of this should inspire decision-makers and planners to provide mechanisms for building a more dynamic socio-economic life, capable of reorienting and re-adjusting quickly.

ЗЕМНАЯ КОРА И ВЕРХНЯЯ МАНТИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ СОЧЛЕНЕНИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНО-АЗИАТСКОГО И ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО СКЛАДЧАТЫХ ПОЯСОВ

Spatial distributions of gravity sources and density contrast of geological media, which is reflected by the values of parameter μz , into the crust and upper mantle of Northeast China are analyzed. Features of rheological layering of the tectonosphere and deep spatial relationships of tectonic structures (cratonic blocks, marginal terranes, and sedimentary basins) are defined. In the density contrast distributions the formal signs of Paleozoic subduction of the North-China Craton and Mesozoic subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Amurian Plate were revealed. Crustal deformations are in sharp contrast with upper mantle deformations in structural planes resulting from different directions of tectonic stresses in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Thrusting of marginal terranes (Jamusi, Khanka) over the Amurian Plate lithosphere is revealed. Rheology and deep structure of North East China bear many similarities to other regions of the Pacific western margin in Asia and Australia.

Intersectional Organizing and Educational Justice Movements: Strategies for Cross-Movement Solidarities

This article explores intersectional organizing as a strategy to create solidarity across issues, organizations and communities to build a more united educational justice movement. By intersectional organizing, we mean an organizing strategy that centers the experiences and leadership of people who are affected by multiple forms of oppression. We conducted interviews with ten community organizers who engage parents and young people of color to address the profound inequities in public education. We found that the movement is largely siloed into separate issue-based campaigns, although there are promising examples that connect groups and issues. Organizers believe that intersectional organizing can support greater cross-movement solidarity especially when combined with other processes, including building deep relationships, developing conscious leadership with shared understandings of systemic oppression through political education, and building trust through demonstrated long-term commitments to solidarity in practice. Nevertheless, many warn against an “Oppression Olympics” that creates competition rather than solidarity.

Organizational Identity Development in Sport Volunteers

Volunteers provide essential services to community sport organizations; thus, it is important to understand the underlying factors in successful volunteer–organization relationships. Organizational identification, an integral component of relationship building for members in an organization, is a useful yet underutilized concept to understand how and why volunteers create lasting, deep relationships with sport organizations. This research utilizes a sequential mixed-method design to examine the evolution of organizational identification among volunteers in a community sport organization. The survey results indicate that new volunteers formed their organizational identification over the course of a single program season, such that, by the end of the season, they were similar to returners. Subsequent qualitative analysis of focus group data indicated that the content and evolution of organizational identities varied for newcomers and returners. These results provide important contributions related to the ongoing nature of identity work of volunteers and offer practical implications for volunteer management within community sport organizations.

Chloroplast genomes of key species shed light on the evolution of the ancient genus Isoetes

AbstractAlthough phylogenetic studies have revealed major clades, the deepest relationships in Isoetes remain unresolved. The use of next‐generation sequencing provides enormous amounts of gene sequences, which allows not only clarification of the basal relationships but also rapid radiations. Plastomes of six key Isoetes species were annotated, revealing a total of 129 or 130 genes, depending on the species. Our phylogenomic analyses comprising representatives of all major clades yielded well‐supported nodes and identical topologies using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The phylogenetic reconstructions detangled the deep relationships in Isoetes and illuminated the more recent radiations in the genus. A basal dichotomy was found that grouped Isoetes spp. from Brazil and South Africa into a clade sister to the remaining Isoetes groups. Interestingly, I. andicola was found to be sister to the North American species complex. Genomic trait mapping analysis showed that the missing introns in the atpF and clpP genes were well conserved in two major clades. The absence of trnK‐UUU was observed in the Brazilian tropical species and in I. velata. Among lycophytes, the gene trnR‐CCG was missing only in I. eludens. In general, genomic traits such as the presence or absence of internal stop codons, a tRNA, and an intron were revealed to be conserved within groups, suggesting that these genomic traits might reveal vital information about the evolution of the genus. This study will contribute to understanding the diversification of Isoetes and the establishment of a better framework to address the evolutionary history of the genus.

Impaired host response and the presence of Acinetobacter baumannii in the serum microbiome of type-II diabetic patients.

SummaryType II diabetes (T2D) affects over 10% of the US population and is a growing disease worldwide that manifests with numerous comorbidities and defects in inflammation. This dysbiotic host response allows for infection of the host by numerous microorganisms. In the course of T2D disease, individuals can develop chronic infections including foot ulcers and periodontitis, which lead to further complications and opportunistic infections in multiple body sites. In this study, we investigated the serum of healthy subjects and patients with T2D with (T2DP) or without periodontitis for both microbiome signatures in addition to cytokine profiles. Surprisingly, we detected the presence of Acinetobacter baumanii in the serum of 23% individuals with T2D/T2DP tested. In T2DP, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in ABC-positive subjects. As an emerging pathogen, A. baumanii infection represents a risk for impaired inflammation and the development of comorbidities in subjects with T2D.

Investigating Deep Learning Based Breast Cancer Subtyping Using Pan-Cancer and Multi-Omic Data.

Breast Cancer comprises multiple subtypes implicated in prognosis. Existing stratification methods rely on the expression quantification of small gene sets. Next Generation Sequencing promises large amounts of omic data in the next years. In this scenario, we explore the potential of machine learning and, particularly, deep learning for breast cancer subtyping. Due to the paucity of publicly available data, we leverage on pan-cancer and non-cancer data to design semi-supervised settings. We make use of multi-omic data, including microRNA expressions and copy number alterations, and we provide an in-depth investigation of several supervised and semi-supervised architectures. Obtained accuracy results show simpler models to perform at least as well as the deep semi-supervised approaches on our task over gene expression data. When multi-omic data types are combined together, performance of deep models shows little (if any) improvement in accuracy, indicating the need for further analysis on larger datasets of multi-omic data as and when they become available. From a biological perspective, our linear model mostly confirms known gene-subtype annotations. Conversely, deep approaches model non-linear relationships, which is reflected in a more varied and still unexplored set of representative omic features that may prove useful for breast cancer subtyping.

The Role of Image in Marketing Communication

The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the benefits of image to integrat marketing communication through Instagram social media in creating brand awareness, good relationships with consumers in the applied business. In this case, the researchers focused on using the integration of Instagram marketing and effective social media communication. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive methods through interviews and literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the use of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) through social media has an influence in determining brand awareness, brand image, and deep relationships with customers. IMC through Instagram can help companies manage the message of a product to create brand awareness in customers.

코로나19 시대의 북한이탈주민 사역

The diffusion of COVID-19 in the year of 2020 is presenting new challenges to Christian missions for North Korean migrants. The impacts of COVID-19 affect North Korean migrants who are normally in vulnerable and disadvantaged position in various ways. Accordingly, this study aims to suggest some directions for North Korean migrant ministry in the era of COVID-19. First, it is necessary to shift the focus, goal, and way of the North Korean migrant ministry. Also, it is necessary to adjust and change the ministry structure for North Korean migrants. Finally, in the era of COVID-19, we need to build communities that aim for smaller but deeper relationships that can provide mutual care and emotional management.

A Life Well-Lived: Discovering Motivation and Deeper Relationships by Contemplating Our Own Mortality

For centuries, religious authorities and social pressures have discouraged individualsfrom contemplating mortality. A key component to the human sense of self is the ability to acknowledge the finite nature of life. All people experience some sort of death anxiety, whether conscious or not. Some experience thanatophobia, the fear of dying, more strongly than others. If managed in a healthy manner, death anxiety can serve as a motivating force to live a fuller life and deepen relationships with family and friends. In recognizing hidden components of death anxiety and finding consolation for the inevitability of dying, we can acknowledge our own mortality and explore both secular and spiritual approaches to death. For this thesis, I use painting as a visual medium to deliver my ideas and research in an immersive experience to the viewer. I conducted research by reading books and poetry, taking photographs, and viewing other artists’ work, online and in-person, from New York City museums and galleries. I have produced ten paintings of various size and technique that communicate how science and medicine, faith, meditation, and relationships alleviate death anxiety. Ultimately, I have found that painting has helped me to develop coping mechanisms that lessen my own death anxiety. I hope that by viewing my art, people will feel encouraged to consider aspects of their own mortality as well as ways to lead a fulfilling life.

Case Study of a Blind Computer Graphics Student's Online Interactions

Previous research points that computer-supported collaborative learning is an educational approach that suits blind students, because they have high verbal capacity. The authors believe that both sighted and blind students may gain from knowledge sharing, transactions on collaborative tasks, and being aware of distinct cognitive aspects, ideas, and activities, due to different behaviors, perceptions, and backgrounds. To unveil new insights concerning this assumption, they present an exploratory case study that provides an analysis of one blind undergraduate computer graphics student's online interactions during collaborative learning. They approached a qualitative technique to analyze results obtained from the blind student participation and interaction in discussions. The analysis of a blind student interactions, participation, and interaction patterns revealed emotional and deep relationships that implied in profitable interactions, knowledge construction, and better blind and sighted students' performance.

Swimming through the sands of the Sahara and Arabian deserts: Phylogeny of sandfish skinks (Scincidae, Scincus) reveals a recent and rapid diversification

Large parts of the Sahara Desert and Arabia are covered by sand seas and sand dunes, which are inhabited by specialized animal communities. For example, many lizards have developed adaptations to life in loose sand, including sand-swimming behavior. The best-known sand swimmers of the Saharo-Arabia are the sandfish skinks (genus Scincus). Although there are currently only four Scincus species recognized, their phylogenetic relationships have not yet been addressed in detail. We use eight genetic markers (three mitochondrial, five nuclear) and a complete sampling of species to infer the relationships within the genus. We employ multiple phylogenetic approaches to reconstruct the evolutionary history of these skinks and to assess the level of reticulation at the onset of their radiation. Our results indicate the presence of five strongly supported species-level lineages, four represented by the currently recognized species and the fifth by S. scincus conirostris, which does not form a clade with S. scincus. Based on these results we elevate the Iranian and northern Arabian S. conirostris to the species level. The two Saharan species, S. albifasciatus and S. scincus, are sister in all analyses. Deeper relationships within the genus, however, remained largely unresolved despite the extensive genetic data set. This basal polytomy, together with the fact that we detected no sign of hybridization in the history of the genus, indicates that the diversification of the five Scincus species was rapid, burst-like, and not followed by secondary hybridization events. Divergence time estimations show a Middle Pliocene crown radiation of the genus (3.3 Mya). We hypothesize that the aridification of the Saharo-Arabia that began in the Late Miocene triggered the initial diversification of Scincus, and that the subsequent expansion of sand deserts enabled their dispersal over the large Saharan and Arabian range. We discuss the evolution of body form in sand swimming lizards and ponder how Scincus retained their fully limbed morphology despite being sand swimmers that are typically limbless.

A note on the Signal-to-noise ratio of $ (n, m) $-functions

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>The concept of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a useful measure indicator of the robustness of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-functions <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ F = (f_1, \ldots, f_m) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> (cryptographic S-boxes) against differential power analysis (DPA), has received extensive attention during the previous decade. In this paper, we give an upper bound on the SNR of balanced <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-functions, and a clear upper bound regarding unbalanced <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-functions. Moreover, we derive some deep relationships between the SNR of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-functions and three other cryptographic parameters (the maximum value of the absolute value of the Walsh transform, the sum-of-squares indicator, and the nonlinearity of its coordinates), respectively. In particular, we give a trade-off between the SNR and the refined transparency order of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-functions. Finally, we prove that the SNR of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ (n, m) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-functions is not affine invariant, and data experiments verify this result.</p>

Phylogenomics from transcriptomic "bycatch" clarify the origins and diversity of avian trypanosomes in North America.

The eukaryotic blood parasite genus Trypanosoma includes several important pathogens of humans and livestock, but has been understudied in wildlife broadly. The trypanosomes that infect birds are in particular need of increased attention, as these parasites are abundant and globally distributed, yet few studies have addressed their evolutionary origins and diversity using modern molecular and analytical approaches. Of specific interest are the deep evolutionary relationships of the avian trypanosomes relative to the trypanosome species that are pathogenic in humans, as well as their species level diversity in regions where they have been understudied such as North America. Here, we address these unresolved areas of study using phylogenomic data for two species of avian trypanosomes that were isolated as "bycatch" from host transcriptome assemblies, as well as a large 18S DNA barcode sequence dataset that includes 143 novel avian Trypanosoma 18S sequences from North America. Using a phylogenomic approach, we find that the avian trypanosomes are nested within a clade of primarily mammalian trypanosomes that includes the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, and are paraphyletic with respect to the ruminant trypanosome Trypanosoma theileri. DNA barcode sequences showed that T. avium and an unidentified small, non-striated trypanosome that was morphologically similar to T. everetti are each represented by highly abundant and divergent 18S haplotypes in North America. Community-level sampling revealed that additional species-level Trypanosoma lineages exist in this region. We compared the newly sequenced DNA barcodes from North America to a global database, and found that avian Trypanosoma 18S haplotypes generally exhibited a marked lack of host specificity with at least one T. avium haplotype having an intercontinental distribution. This highly abundant T. avium haplotype appears to have a remarkably high dispersal ability and cosmopolitan capacity to evade avian host immune defenses, which warrant further study.

Jung’s Personal Confession

ABSTRACT C. G. Jung’s “Psychology of the Transference” (1946/1954, CW 16) describes his template for healing in psychoanalysis. He selected a series of ten erotic alchemical woodcuts from the Rosarium Philosophorum. The author contends these drawings were chosen because of Jung’s emotional, deep, and healing relationships with three women who had previously been his patients: Sabina Spielrein, Maria Moltzer, and Toni Wolff. The author describes how she uses these drawings in her work. She then explores Jung’s relationships with these women and examines how his 1925 essay “Marriage as a Psychological Relationship” (1925/1954, CW 17) depicts Jung’s marriage to his wife, Emma.

Participation in Group Companies as a Source of External Knowledge in Obtaining and Making Profitable Radical Innovations

In the context of potential absorptive capacity, the present work analyzes sources of knowledge through the adjustment between the typology of sources and innovative results. Different external sources can condition the later phases of knowledge absorption. In relation to external sources of knowledge, we enrich their treatment by considering other companies in the same group as deeper relationships. In addition, we analyzed the results regarding the generation of radical innovations with impact on income. The results show that company groups can reduce costs in the exchange of technological knowledge, not only to develop radical innovations but also to improve their economic performance. Furthermore, membership in a group allows a company to obtain a greater economic return when combined with assimilation resources.

Phylogenomic relationships and character evolution of the grape family (Vitaceae)

The grape family consists of 16 genera and ca. 950 species. It is best known for the economically important fruit crop – the grape Vitis vinifera. The deep phylogenetic relationships and character evolution of the grape family have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. We herein reconstruct the phylogenomic relationships within Vitaceae using nuclear and plastid genes based on the Hyb-Seq approach and test the newly proposed classification system of the family. The five tribes of the grape family, including Ampelopsideae, Cayratieae, Cisseae, Parthenocisseae, and Viteae, are each robustly supported by both nuclear and chloroplast genomic data and the backbone relationships are congruent with previous reports. The cupular floral disc (raised above and free from ovary at the upper part) is an ancestral state of Vitaceae, with the inconspicuous floral disc as derived in the tribe Parthenocisseae, and the state of adnate to the ovary as derived in the tribe Viteae. The 5-merous floral pattern was inferred to be the ancestral in Vitaceae, with the 4-merous flowers evolved at least two times in the family. The compound dichasial cyme (cymose with two secondary axes) is ancestral in Vitaceae and the thyrse inflorescence (a combination of racemose and cymose branching) in tribe Viteae is derived. The ribbon-like trichome only evolved once in Vitaceae, as a synapomorphy for the tribe Viteae.

The Molecular Diversity of Phagotrophic Euglenids Examined Using Single-cell Methods

Euglenids are a diverse group of euglenozoan flagellates that includes phototrophs, osmotrophs, and phagotrophs. Despite making up most of the phylogenetic diversity of euglenids, phagotrophs remain understudied, and recent work has focused on 'deep-branching' groups. Spirocuta is the large clade encompassing all flexible euglenids including the phototroph and primary osmotroph clades, plus various phagotrophs. Understanding the phylogenetic diversity of phagotrophic spirocutes is crucial for tracing euglenid evolution, including how phototrophs arose. We used single-cell approaches to greatly increase sampling of SSU rDNA for phagotrophic euglenids, particularly spirocutes, including the first sequences from Urceolus, Jenningsia, Chasmostoma, and Sphenomonas, and expanded coverage for Dinema and Heteronema sensu lato, amongst others. Urceolus monophyly is unconfirmed. Organisms referred to Jenningsia form two distinct clades. Heteronema vittatum and similar cells branch separately from Heteronema (c.f.) globuliferum and Teloprocta/Heteronema scaphurum, while Dinema appears as 2-3 clades. Sphenomonas is monophyletic and the deepest branch within Petalomonadida. The census of genera markedly underestimates the phylogenetic diversity of phagotrophs, but taxonomic restraint is necessary when sequences are not available from type species or reasonable surrogates. SSU rDNA phylogenies do not resolve most deep relationships within Spirocuta, but identify units of diversity to sample in future multigene analyses.

Extraversion is associated with advice network size, but not network density or emotional closeness to network members

Friendship networks are instrumental to a whole range of outcomes including career success and personal wellbeing, and as such it is important to ask how social networks are shaped by personality variables. However, previous research examining how extraversion is associated with social network size and closeness to social network members has produced inconsistent findings. Here, we assessed how extraversion (HEXACO model) was associated with three key features of advice networks (size, density, and emotional closeness to network members) in a sample of 199 participants (17–75 years, M = 25, SD = 11; 146 women). We found that higher levels of extraversion (and its four facets: social self-esteem, social boldness, sociability, and liveliness) corresponded to a significantly larger advice network, but not greater network density, or greater emotional closeness to network members. The social manifestation of extraversion here seems to be operationalised in terms of a greater number of interactive advice partners, but no increased probability of ensuring that contacts are connected to each other, or of developing emotionally deep relationships with contacts.

Does Penrose's Law apply to Hungary? Data of an extended survey and reappraisal

Penrose described an observation in 1939, according to which an inverse relationship between the size of prison populations and the number of psychiatric beds existed. The purpose of this article was to investigate the validity of this statement for Hungary. The national data between 1989 and 2017 for 25 variables were extracted from the official reports of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The number of psychiatric beds decreased by 33%, while the number of prisoners increased by about 50%. At the same time, the number of mentally ill patients under compulsive treatment was low, but showed a slight, statistically significant increase. Variables measuring similar feature, for example, the psychiatric characteristics (alcoholics registered, suicide rate, number of hospital beds, welfare home inmates) are variables consistently moving in one direction or the other that may allow finding appropriate indicators of and explanations for the phenomena. An example is the number of psychiatric beds showing a parallel decrease to the numbers of total hospital beds, registered alcoholics, out-patient clinics for children, and suicide rate, and just the opposite direction with forensic settling, involuntary admissions, and welfare home inmates. Similarly, crimes, criminals, homicides, and prisoners can also be grouped. Correlation does not mean a cause and effect relationship, therefore, at the current state of knowledge the connection among variables is not clear in all the cases. To sum up, Hungarian statistical data for three decades support Penrose's original observation on psychiatric beds and prison population, while the Penrose's statement on the inverse relationship between the number of crimes and of psychiatric beds is not supported. However, until deeper relationships are explored, aggregation of variables into few factors seems impossible.