Deep Despair Research Articles

광주항쟁의 시적 재현: ‘해방된 모성’의 구현과 ‘어머니 하느님

This paper analyzed the poetic representation of the Gwangju Uprising focusing on Goh Jeong-Hee’s Poetry of May. Goh Jeong-Hee was influenced by Korean women's theology in the 1980s. Korean female theologians criticized the oppression of women under the patriarchal system and raised the Mother God as the source of life. In the late 1980s, the reality faced by women was defined as the reality of killing and insisted on a great transition to life. She stressed that women should be the subject of the unification movement in order to overcome the national contradictions that suppress women. Of course, prior to Christian epistemology, there was a reality of the 1980s in Goh Jeong-Hee’s poetry and Gwangju was at the center of it. However, when the truth of the Gwangju Uprising was not revealed in the late 80s, Goh Jeong-Hee expressed deep despair and skepticism. And using Christian death and resurrection as motifs, the experience of despair was used as an opportunity to move toward a fundamental revolution. Goh Jeong-Hee hinted at the need for a new language by evoking the women’s pain and anger what are not reduced from a male-centered system to a universal language through a ‘Michineon’. And while attempting a revolutionary transformation of thoughts and customs, she embodied death in the uprising as an event that c the birth of life. The Gwangju Uprising was an opportunity for mother to be called the subject of liberation and Mother God to be called the source of life, and was a turning point in transforming Gwangju into a land of livelihood and resurrection. This is because Goh Jeong-Hee found Mother God in women in Gwangju as the source of life. Women in Gwangju, who were considered victims of the uprising and innocent victims, were another main subject of the uprising that supported the community of life by saving the dead, caring for the injured, and feeding the living. Goh Jeong-Hee proved that the practice of living shown by women in Gwangju turned the time stained with violence and death into a 10-day liberation zone. And Goh Jeong-Hee‘s May poem shows a vision of a community of care that we talk about as an alternative society today. Although it has not been fully discussed by Goh Jeong-Hee herself, it is inferred that liberated motherhood uses solidarity and relationship that support each other's lives as its principle. The new world created by female subjects makes us imagine a community of autonomous and mutually beneficial care based on liberated motherhood.

개인 탄원시에 나타나는 가난한 자들의 탄원 연구

This research analyzes the special structure in the lament of the poor which appears in the psalms of individual laments, and observes its theological significance. The psalms of lament from the ones who are suffering from poverty consist of self-lament, God-lament, and enemy-lament.<BR> The poor experience a sense of loss of life amid economic exploitation, social alienation, and hunger. At the same time, the poor also experience abandonment and a deep despair in their relationship with God like the fear of abandonment as well as emotional abandonment. But it does not stop there. They confess their pain of poverty as a self-lament. The worse the poverty gets, the deeper they lament. Here, self-lament gets connected to the God-lament. The poor meet God through the God-lament, and God lightens up their faces. They meet God as the one who frees them from poverty as well as the legal helper of the poor. In this way, the lament of the poor functions as the most direct and essential driving force that induces YHWH’s astonishing Magnalia Dei.<BR> Therefore, the lament of the poor changes their stance of suffering, and they disclose the sufferings caused by exploitation. They lament about the poverty and social isolation caused by social structure. The poor do not hesitate to lament about the enemies’ affront (Ps 14:32, 35). The lament of the poor who experienced suffering amid the existential danger accelerates God’s act of salvation, and leads to the insight that liberation from poverty is possible.<BR> The purpose of this study also has another important intention: Although the Hebrew terms referring to “the poor” — the subject that shapes the lament of the poor — and “the enemy” — the target of the lament of the poor — appear variously, and the understanding of “God”, the recipient of the lament appears differently according to the situations or characteristics of the lament, the Korean translation is overly uniform.<BR> Thus, this research presents one useful data and standard to understand the lament of the poor by analyzing the theological intention of each term although it accepts the existing translation and its uniform translation.

PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT THE USAGE OF MEDICINAL HERBS FOUND IN THE KITCHEN AND THEIR POTENTIAL AGAINST COVID-19 DISEASE

For the past two years, the globe has been in deep despair as a result of the fast spread of the new Coronavirus, SARS CoV-2, and several of its variations such as Delta, Omicron, and others. This pandemic has caused widespread rumours and misconceptions, wreaking havoc on the worldwide health-care system. Due to the periodic outbreaks of this infectious disease, along with the administration of effective antiviral vaccines and adherence to mandatory government protocols, every human being's recourse has been to strengthen their immunity to resist this infectious disease using kitchen ingredients like herbs and spices with medicinal properties and other home remedies. The results showed that there was a significant rise in the usage of kitchen pharmacy and the application of traditional knowledge, compared to the pre-pandemic times, owing to its immunity boosting properties. Along with increase in usage of kitchen pharmacy, there was also a surge observed in usage of ayurveda, other home remedies and yoga, in comparison with allopathy. The statistical analysis showed that 40.9% of the respondents showed marked recovery after the continual usage of home remedies.

LONELINESS AND DESPAIR OF A PERSON IN VASYL STEFANYK’S NOVELS

Vasyl Stafanyk entered into Ukrainian literature XIX – XX century as a master of the short story, where he emotionally passionately violates the existential problems of an individual person, lost in a world indifferent to him, of which he is forced to make certain decisions and take responsibility for his choices. The artist’s special attention is drawn to the loneliness of man, which often causes him despair and confusion. In particular, this is reflected in Stefanyk’s short stories on the lives of rural workers. The writer knew well the Ukrainian village, the problems of the peasants. There was already a gradual departure of the rural community from the collective responsibility for the fate of each of its members, which deepened the alienation, created a sense of abandonment, in his time. For example, the village and the community are calmly watching the decline of Anton’s farm – the hero of Stefanyk’s short story «Blue Book». In this short story, the cry of the soul of a once wealthy owner, who was unlucky, who in despair drinks the whole farm. In his drunken bravado there is sadness, rage and hopelessness, deep despair – Anton feels that everyone is indifferent to his grief, there is no compassion in his home community. Such loneliness, alienation and despair of man, indifference of others permeate the pages and short stories «Paliy». Its protagonist, old Fedor, worked all his life for the rich Andriy Kurochka, lost his strength and health on his farm, and is now forced to beg from strangers. The thought of this hurts Fedor’s aching soul, he goes mad with loneliness, deeply offends his human indifference. In despair, deeply offended, lonely in his grief, Fedor sets fire to the hen’s barn, taking revenge on him for his mutilated life. The lyrical hero of V. Stefanyk’s short story «My Word» chooses a different way of reacting to unfavorable life circumstances from the previous character. It is the confession of a lonely, abandoned man in a world indifferent to the fate of everyone. Detached from his native land, the hero of the novel doesn’t find peace and joy in the new world. His longing comrades, who agreed with this new world, don’t understand him. So, abandoned by them, he builds himself a world of his own imagination, in which he is comfortable and where he truly lives, hoping to find happiness. Accordingly, the author of the short story convinces that everyone is lonely and doomed to fight for their happiness, and therefore responsible for their choices. Very often Vasyl Stefanyk addresses the topic of lonely old age, when adult children become busy with their worries and do not need their parents, as, for example, in the short story «Angel», where old Tymchykha, feeling unnecessary for children, prepares for death as a salvation from loneliness. The writer raises a similar theme of loneliness of old parents with living children in such short stories as, in particular, «Sama samisinka», which depicts a gruesome picture of the death of a helpless mother left to fend for her children who went to work. The other side of lonely old age depicts the image of old Maxim, who can’t forget his dead sons. A lone widower who sent two sons to fight for Ukraine, he complains about his fate, rages in the field at work, shouts at the horses. At the same time, in despair, Maxim doesn’t accept any sympathy from neighbors, proudly carries his loneliness and despair, lamenting the whole world. He is disgusted by everything around him, he lives only by memories of the past, when his sons and wife were alive, when life was raging in his house. Thus, as we can see, many of Vasyl Stefanyk’s short stories are imbued with existential problems of man concerning the negative nature of human existence. Among them the loneliness and despair of the person in difficult life situations are especially penetratingly considered by the writer.

Spenserian MomentsGordonTeskey Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2019. 552 pp. ISBN 13: 9780674988446. $47.00 (cloth).

Spenserian MomentsGordonTeskey Cambridge, <scp>MA</scp>: Harvard <scp>UP</scp>, 2019. 552 pp. <scp>ISBN</scp> 13: 9780674988446. $47.00 (cloth).

Depths of despair: Experience report

Between 2017 and 2019 I went through the experience of depression and consequently I developed anxiety. In the beginning, in the months of November and December 2017, I found myself in a deep despair, not knowing how to identify what was happening. As an intervention, I went through consultations with the psychologist, where I had conversations, writing and positive affirmations. After these consultations I improved and got out of my depressed state. Awareness in the consultations with the psychologist made me realize how far I was from who I am and from this contact with a professional I was able to gain clarity about my condition and learned techniques to maintain my self-care constant.

Comments to Jean-Claude Burgelman's article Politics and Open Science: How the European Open Science Cloud Became Reality (the Untold Story) —“EOSC is a bigger ME” and the Dunning Kruger effect

Comments to Jean-Claude Burgelman's article <i>Politics and Open Science: How the European Open Science Cloud Became Reality (the Untold Story)</i> —“EOSC is a bigger ME” and the Dunning Kruger effect

The Israeli Psychoanalytic Buddhist Project: An Ethical Psychoanalysis That Dares to Dream in a Land of Shattered Dreams

ABSTRACT This article explores the Israeli project to integrate Buddhist principles and practices within psychoanalysis. The article’s focus is to view the Israeli project through a contextualist lens. Beginning with a concise summary of the project that highlights the unique and creative features of the Israelis’ understanding of non-dual states, the Israeli vision is then contextualized within their particular understanding of Kohut’s legacy. Following some cautionary statements about clinical applications with severely traumatized individuals, the article explores the tragic and trauma-informed historical/political context that gave rise to the particular vision of psychoanalysis the Israeli project hopes to bring forth. The project comes to be understood as a beginning micro-movement, a leading developmental edge within the deep despair and traumatic entrenchment of the collective Israeli psyche.

The Emotional Job Demands of Special Education: A Qualitative Study of Alternatively Certified Novices’ Emotional Induction

As of 2015, approximately one in five special educators received licensure through an alternative pathway. Although evidence suggests that emotional exhaustion contributes to special educator attrition, few studies examine firsthand the emotional experiences of novice, alternatively certified special educators. Guided by Tuxford and Bradley’s model of emotional job demands, we explore the ways in which eight teachers perceive and navigate their new profession. Findings indicate that novice special educators (a) experience a range of intense emotions, ranging from extreme pride to deep despair, (b) regulate emotional displays toward students and colleagues to meet professional norms, and (c) invest in the emotional well-being and development of their students. Participants report widespread barriers to this work. Results have implications for researchers, teachers, and administrators interested in retaining novice special educators, and point to several clear pathways for future research in this important and under-researched area of teacher induction.

INDONESIA NATIONALISM’S CHALLENGE IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA

We are still reminding that the long-term multidimensional crisis, the peak moment was in 1997-2000, was the worst experience in term of politic, economy, and law crisis after the Indonesia independence.The crisis may refer to a state-nation in turbulence (chaos) which many observers called as “A Country in Despair”, a country that is not only experiencing a disaster but also drowned in a deep despair. Indonesia’s multidimensional crisis had opened all the “masks”, to its most hidden parts.This multidimensional crisis- in despair, emotionally, and sinically- had showed Indonesia as "a heap of delusions", no more nationalism, heroism, justice, unity, honesty, or proud. In conclusion, the old institutions survived with no dignity This article focuses on Indonesia Nationalism’s Challenge In the Globalization Era.We are still reminding that the long term multidimensional crisis, the peak moment was in 1997-2000, was the worst experience in term of politic, economy, and law crisis after the Indonesia independence.Crisis may refer to a state-nation in turbulence (chaos) which many observer called as “A Country in Despair”, a country that is not only experiencing disaster, but also drowned in a deep despair. Indonesia’s multidimentional crisis had opened all the “masks”, to its most hidden parts.This multidimensional crisis- in despair, emotionally, and sinically- had showed Indonesia as "a heap of delusions", no more nationalism, heroism, justice, unity, honesty, or proud. In conclusion, the old institusions survived with no dignity This article focuses about Indonesia Nationalism’s Chalange In the Globalization Era

Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 3

Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 3

Tilbage til Abraham

How can we understand the figure of Abraham in Genesis 22? Should he necessarily be understood as the ultimate example for the believer, Jewish, Christian (or Muslim)? And is Kierkegaard’s radicalization of the exposition of Gen 22 in the New Testament Letter of James the only way of taking this text seriously? This article is an exegetical effort to understand the Aqedah as an indispensable narrative by and for a traumatized person (or people) who feels that his (or its) life is no more than “a test case” in the hands of God. Hereby, new aspects are added to the understanding of the narrative, which is seen as an expression of deep despair. Can a (historical-)critical reading of Gen 22 in the light of theories of trauma create space for a modern reconciliation withKierkegaard’s ”Knight of Faith”? And do we not then need, after all, with Troels Nørager to ”take leave of Abraham”?

Hostage by Helge Dascher

in larger studies, and accordingly three of the six chapters scrutinize known authors of presumably different literary traditions for truly original findings that are an essential report to the comparatist academy. The novels Kirsch analyzes are not overly concerned with global perils but rather with clashes or escapes that alter personal reckonings, a choice that implies observing global novels as rooted in a way that is new to the readers but not to the authors. Testing present interpretative currents, the first chapter is triggered by the discontents assumed for world literature, namely making foreignness a literary commodity, literature politically virtuous and aesthetically challenging, and untranslatability. It is evident that Kirsch has not sought the political security clearance committed native critics and authors demand of interpretations like his, and he assuredly concludes (in the chapter on Atwood and Houellebecq) that this form of globalism “is based primarily on the experience of modern Western societies.” His assessment that we are entering “a future in which English is the dominant language” can be tempered by the abundance of world literature in other languages and their novel additions to the themes of climate change, immigration , morality, sexuality, and violence that he dissects. For other chapter pairings like Murakami and Bolaño or Adichie and Hamid, Kirsch construes as positive the cultural encumbrances that were perpetual reminders of their “foreignness” to untutored readers . The chapters devoted to individual authors (Pamuk and Ferrante) prove that cultural mobility and canonicity are social, that leaving home, as in Murakami and Ferrante, invalidates any need to seek the explanatory “authority” of your otherness, whether one is an Indian reading a Turk or an American reading a Nigerian, in English. With completeness in context and unsparingness in form, Kirsch articulates the tangible geopolitical spirit conveyed by these writers, which is ultimately what makes them global. His ecumenical and upbeat analysis successfully draws a “more hopeful picture of world literature than the one painted by critics and theorists,” since “it is impossible to say that all global novels have certain qualities in common.” Timely, direct, and full of good sense—characteristics that make it ideal for translation into other languages—The Global Novel brilliantly discards critical pieties to address numerous arguments for what the twentyfirst -century novel is becoming. Will H. Corral San Francisco Guy Delisle. Hostage. Trans. Helge Dascher. Montreal. Drawn & Quarterly. 2017. 432 pages. Christophe Andre was working as a Médecins Sans Frontières administrator in Ingushetia, just west of Chechnya, when World Literature in Review 88 WLT SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2017 he was kidnapped and held for 111 days. His story might well have been forgotten but for Guy Delisle’s extraordinary graphic talent. Delisle manages to get inside Andre’s mind and plumb his soul to provide the reader with a visceral experience of a most frightening and disorienting captivity. Having recorded interviews with Andre, Delisle has firsthand information with which to work. He uses it well but moves beyond mere facts to create a tour de force exploration of resilience. Using only shades of blue-gray, white, and black, Delisle’s panels follow Andre from the beginning to the end of his ordeal. The visuals are not emphatically fascinating in themselves or that varied— how much can you do with a man tied to a radiator in a small room, occasionally visited by a captor with a bowl of thin gruel? It is rather the territory within Andre’s mind that captures the reader and characterizes his movement from optimism and the certainty that his colleagues are plotting his rescue, to deep despair that he has been forgotten, to self-blame and self-incriminatory feelings of impotence. Andre doesn’t have a language in common with his captors, so his only recourse is to interpret their action or nonaction in conversation with himself. At a certain point, two of his captors, all of whom are made singular through the succinct genius of Delisle’s drawing, enter the room and offer him a glass of vodka, which he accepts, drinks with them, then thinks, “Is this fraternizing with the enemy?” Afterward , he berates himself for giving in to the very human craving for interaction. He holds onto...

Between Fatalism and Hope: The Continental Liberal Search for Light and Stability in a Dark Age

This paper analyzes the work of Wilhelm Ropke, Friedrich Hayek and Bertrand de Jouvenel in the years leading up to, during and following WWII. It argues that these three political-economic thinkers all went through a period of deep despair about the fate of Europe and its civilization. This despair was accompanied by a sense that the forces of history were stronger than humans. After that despair they regained (diminished) hopes about the economic and political future of Europe, and the power of man, including themselves, to shape that future. To do so they turned, unlike their peers, toward an analysis of the institutions and morality that sustained liberalism and away from the ideal of a value-free economic and political science. The paper thus demonstrates how three liberal political economists become involved in the formulation of a new liberalism for the post-war world.

Farmers Suicides in Maharashtra

Maharashtra has the highest range of suicides by distressed farmers among all states; a replacement analysis of farmer deaths over the past 3 years reveals simply however deep despair runs in Vidarbha, wherever the most crops embody cotton, soya beans plant beans and oranges. From 2012 to April this year, a complete of three, 145 farmers committed suicide within the six districts in Vidarbha region – Amravati, Yavatmal, Wardha, Washim, Akola and Buldhana.

Layered Language in Ayi Kwei Armah’s the Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Born

Language is used by writers in multiple ways to effectively convey the writer’s vision. This paper explores the Ghanian novelist Ayi Kwei Armah’s novel The Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Bornand its layered use of language. How effectively can the realist mode portray a sense of deep despair? What are the layered levels at which language and narration must function to achieve the wrenching impact the author seeks to impart? What visual imagery or symbolic language can a writer use to convey the unconveyable? How can such elements be woven seamlessly into a realistic narrative? This paper examines some of these questions, and attempts to unravel the multiple ways in which descriptive language, revolting metaphors and nauseating scatological imagery are employed in the text.

School experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment in Namibia

Although the provision of life-saving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment is central to the medical and policy response to the HIV pandemic, relatively little research in the SADC region and in Namibia particularly, attends to HIV-positive people's experiences and the social effects of taking ARV treatment, with children being least focused on. The study from which the paper is drawn contributes to this dearth by examining the experiences of HIV-positive high school learners on ARV treatment in Khomas Region, Namibia. The study adopted a qualitative case study design based mainly on individual interviews with a purposive, select sample of eight learners at the site school where one of the authors is a teacher-counsellor. Pervasive stigma and discrimination in school notwithstanding, learner journeys reflect shifts from deep despair towards the emergence of voice, positive self-concept, as well as resilient dispositions and behaviour.Using a theory of health-related stigma and discrimination, this paper does two things. First, it contributes to understanding the complex reciprocal relationship between cause and effect of stigma and the attendant discriminatory practices emerging from ‘othering’ and marking the ‘other’ as aberrant. Second, it raises pressing questions on the place and position of schools and teachers in high HIV prevalence contexts, characterized by pervasive stigma and discrimination and where stable family structures, parental oversight and ‘normal’ progression through school cannot be assumed. It raises questions on the nature and form of school support necessary to positively contribute to learner well-being and school completion for those HIV positive and on ARV treatment.

Women on the Edge: Madness, Possession, and Suicide in Early Modern Convents

This essay examines suicidal behaviors in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Catholic convents in light of the new attitudes toward voluntary death emerging across Europe between 1500 and 1700. Focusing on Italy, which housed the greatest number of enclosed religious women on the Continent, the essay probes the causal links between mental anguish, suicide, and forced professions. Despite challenges in quantifying convent suicide cases, it is clear that suicidal behaviors were not uncommon in Italian convents. Much was at stake from both a social and salvific standpoint when a “bride of Christ” killed herself or threatened to do so. Such willful deaths not only contravened basic religious precepts but also reneged on the promise to sacrifice oneself continuously for God, city, and family. Motivations for self-harm ranged from deep despair with convent life to madness and demonic possession, all of which were expressed in similar ways. Nuns also used suicide threats instrumentally to further their claims as spiritual aspirants singled out by the devil. Enlarging the scope of inquiry beyond Protestant Europe, the essay demonstrates the constitutive role Catholic nuns played in constructing new understandings of suicide in the early modern period.

La exclusión como castigo. La pena de destierro en las ciudades castellanas del siglo XV

A fines de la edad media el destierro era un castigo para diferentes delitos. El presente trabajo se adentrará en conocer su aplicación a las circunstancias de la vida urbana de la Corona de Castilla, entre 1460 y 1520, ya fuera para resolver rivalidades, conflictos, delincuencia y alteraciones de la moral. Se constata el desigual reparto de este castigo en las diferentes ciudades, asociado a los conflictos que surgían en las ciudades en una etapa de crecimiento. También se prueba que más de la mitad de los delitos que merecieron destierro se produjeron en ciudades y un análisis comparativo muestra, que los destierros por causas políticas fueron más numerosos en Valladolid, Córdoba o Segovia y apenas existieron en Sevilla y Toledo. Se confirma que la experiencia del destierro estuvo muy extendida por todo el reino a fines del siglo XV y, tanto las quejas reflejadas en los documentos como la plasmación literaria recogida en uno de los poemas del Cancionero de Baena, sabemos que era tal sufrimiento y dolor de esa vivencia de soledad podía llegar a la desesperación.

Actively dividing selves: S/M and the thrill of disintegration

This paper examines the ways in which a divided self may be actively cultivated for thrill in sadomasochistic scenes. In The Divided Self, Laing (1959/1990) presented an existential theory of schizophrenia and personal alienation describing a process where there is a separation of self/body amongst the ontologically insecure outsider. Whilst Laing’s theory concerns an experience of deep despair, van Deurzen-Smith (1991) argues that the theory should be reconceptualised as a way of understanding the existential anxiety common to all human experience rather than just the extreme experience of psychosis. In this paper I draw on some of Laing’s ideas to look at the way in which the splits between the self/body might be deliberately cultivated during sadomasochistic sex scenes amongst ontologically secure individuals. In addition, I explore the ways in which ‘petrification’ (Laing, 1959/1990) and ‘the look’ (Sartre, 1943/2003) might also be key parts of the sadomasochistic experience.